Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning

Notice

This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2025 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 02 | Page : –
    By

    Rounak Kumar,

  • Kamalesh Mistry,

  • Dhananjay Mistry,

  • Aftab Alam,

  1. Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
  3. Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
  4. Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_abs_192389’);});Edit Abstract & Keyword

Cancer as one of the major diseases rank in the World is still very challenging to diagnose and treat hence need for the technological advancements. Chemotherapy, radiation, as well as surgery therapies have several drawbacks including non-selective action, damage to healthy tissues, and multi-drug resistance. Smart nano-theranostics, an advanced integration of nanotechnology with diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, offers a next-generation approach for precision oncology. Thus, the development of multifunctional nanoparticles that include liposomes, polymeric nano-carriers, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, etc., enhances the efficiency of the therapies applied, real-time tumor imaging as well as drug delivery and two-way synergistic therapy reducing side effects at the same time. In terms of theoretical aspect, nano-theranostics uses the descriptors of diffusion-reaction for anticipating the nanoparticles transport, binding kinetic equations for ligand-receptor interactions and computational algorithms using artificial intelligence. Fick’s second law of diffusion controls nanoparticles deposition at tumor site while EPR effect modeling is used for passive tumor targeting mechanisms. That is why, controlled release kinetics formulated with Hiequichi Q = ht ½ and Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, Mt/M∞ = kt n provide the drug for the site of disease. This review comprehensively covers nanotheranostics, different types of nanoparticles and their uses in targeted delivery, imaging, and both imaging-agent-2 and imaging-agent-4. In addition, some State-of-the-art subjects including nano-theranostics through artificial intelligence, gene and RNA therapeutics, and immuno-nanomedicine are described. However, biocompatibility, toxicity, scalability of such nano-theranostic systems, and their stand before FDA pose significant issues that affect clinical application. Addressing these challenges will smoothly achieve biochemical engineering for inventing AI-integrated nano-theranostics for changing the significances of cancer treatment.

Keywords: Smart nano-theranostics, precision oncology, targeted drug delivery, quantum dots, EPR effect, controlled release kinetics, AI-driven theranostics, mathematical modeling in nanomedicine.

[This article belongs to Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology ]

How to cite this article:
Rounak Kumar, Kamalesh Mistry, Dhananjay Mistry, Aftab Alam. Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning. Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2025; 14(02):-.
How to cite this URL:
Rounak Kumar, Kamalesh Mistry, Dhananjay Mistry, Aftab Alam. Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning. Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2025; 14(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjooh/article=2025/view=0


document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_ref_192389’);});Edit

References

  1. Shivani, Kaushik N, Mukherjee S. Nanotheranostics for cancer therapy and detection: State of the art. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2020;20(11):6959-73.
  2. Wang S, Huang P, Nie L, et al. Single continuous wave laser induced photodynamic/photothermal therapy guided by multimodal imaging. ACS Nano. 2013;7(8):6764-75.
  3. Peer D, Karp JM, Hong S, et al. Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy. Nat Nanotechnol. 2007;2(12):751-60.
  4. Ghosh S, Dutta S, Gomes A. Recent nanotheranostic approaches in cancer research. J Cancer Res Ther. 2023;19(1):10-20.
  5. Wang AZ, Langer R, Farokhzad OC. Nanoparticle delivery of cancer drugs. Annu Rev Med. 2012;63:185-98.
  6. Amreddy N, Babu A, Muralidharan R, et al. Recent advances in nanoparticle-based cancer drug and gene delivery. Adv Cancer Res. 2018;137:115-70.
  7. Jain RK, Stylianopoulos T. Delivering nanomedicine to solid tumors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2010;7(11):653-64.
  8. Wang X, Sun Z, Fu Y, et al. Smart nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nano Today. 2022;42:101380.
  9. Torchilin VP. Multifunctional nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2006;58(14):1532-55.
  10. Ferrari M. Cancer nanotechnology: Opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Cancer. 2005;5(3):161-71.
  11. Mura S, Couvreur P. Nanotheranostics for personalized medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012;64(13):1394-416.
  12. Lammers T, Kiessling F, Hennink WE, et al. Drug targeting to tumors: Principles, pitfalls and (pre-) clinical progress. J Control Release. 2012;161(2):175-87.
  13. Kobayashi H, Longmire MR, Ogawa M, et al. Tumor-selective albumin nanoshells: Imaging and theranostic applications. Bioconjug Chem. 2011;22(11):2199-203.
  14. Davis ME, Chen ZG, Shin DM. Nanoparticle therapeutics: An emerging treatment modality for cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008;7(9):771-82.
  15. Dreaden EC, Alkilany AM, Huang X, et al. The golden age: Gold nanoparticles for biomedicine. Chem Soc Rev. 2012;41(7):2740-79.
  16. Yenurkar D, Nayak M, Mukherjee S. Recent advances of nanocrystals in cancer theranostics. Nanoscale Adv. 2023;5(15):4018-4040.
  17. Cheng L, Wang C, Feng L, et al. Functional nanomaterials for phototherapies of cancer. Chem Rev. 2014;114(21):10869-939.
  18. Sun T, Zhang YS, Pang B, et al. Engineered nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2014;53(46):12320-64.
  19. Sahoo SK, Parveen S, Panda JJ. The present and future of nanotechnology in human health care. Nanomedicine. 2007;3(1):20-31.
  20. Wang Y, Wang K, Zhao J, et al. Multifunctional mesoporous silica-coated graphene nanosheets for magnetically targeted chemo-photothermal therapy. Biomaterials. 2013;34(31):7874-85.
  21. Zhang F, Braun GB, Pallaoro A, et al. Mesoporous multifunctional upconversion luminescent nanoparticles for imaging and drug delivery. Nano Lett. 2012;12(1):61-7.
  22. Liu Y, Bhattarai P, Dai Z, et al. Photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging via nanotheranostics in fighting cancer. Chem Soc Rev. 2019;48(7):2053-108.
  23. Wang X, Sun Z, Fu Y, et al. Smart nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nano Today. 2022;42:101380.
  24. Liu Z, Robinson JT, Sun X, et al. PEGylated nanographene oxide for delivery of water-insoluble cancer drugs. J Am Chem Soc. 2008;130(33):10876-7.
  25. Maiti D, Tong X, Mou X, et al. Graphene-based materials for biomedical applications. Adv Mater. 2019;31(16):e1804825.
  26. Shi J, Kantoff PW, Wooster R, et al. Cancer nanomedicine: Progress, challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer. 2017;17(1):20-37.
  27. Xie J, Lee S, Chen X. Nanoparticle-based theranostic agents. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2010;62(11):1064-79.
  28. Rosenblum D, Joshi N, Tao W, et al. Progress and challenges towards targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1410.
  29. Wang AZ, Langer R, Farokhzad OC. Nanoparticle delivery of cancer drugs. Annu Rev Med. 2012;63:185-98.
  30. Kumar SU, Matai I, Bhushan B, et al. Cancer nanotheranostics. In: Cancer Nanotheranostics. Singapore: Springer; 2015. p. 1-14.
  31. Chen Y, Chen H, Shi J. In vivo bio-safety evaluations and diagnostic/therapeutic applications of chemically designed mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Adv Mater. 2013;25(23):3144-76.
  32. Yang K, Zhang S, Zhang G, et al. Graphene in mice: Ultrahigh in vivo tumor uptake and efficient photothermal therapy. Nano Lett. 2010;10(9):3318-23.
  33. Kumar, S., Saha, S., Singh, K., Singh, T., Mishra, A. K., Dubey, B. N., & Singh, S. (2024). Beneficial effects of spirulina on brain health: A systematic review. Current Functional Foods, 3(1), Article e120124225622. https://doi.org/10.2174/0126668629269256231222092721
  34. RaviKKumar VR, Rathi S, Singh S, Patel B, Singh S, Chaturvedi K, Sharma B. A Comprehensive Review on Ulcer and Their Treatment. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2023 Dec 21;39:e20230006. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2023.006. PMID: 38755116.
  35. Singh, V., Arora, S., Akram, W., Alam, S., Kumari, L., Kumar, N., Kumar, B., Kumar, S., Agrawal, M., Singhal, M., Kumar, S., Singh, S., Singh, K., Saha, S., & Dwivedi, V. (2024). Involvement of molecular mechanism and biological activities of Pemirolast: A therapeutic review. New Emirates Medical Journal, 5, Article e02506882308410. https://doi.org/10.2174/0102506882308410240607053814
  36. Rajput DS, Gupta N, Singh S, Sharma B. A Comprehensive Review: Personalized Medicine for Rare Disease Cancer Treatment. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2023 Dec 23;39:e20230008. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2023.008. PMID: 38830754.
  37. Singh S, Chaurasia A, Rajput DS, Gupta N. Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System and There Future Prospective: Are a Promising Approach for Effective Treatment? Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2023 Dec 20;39:e20230005. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2023.005. PMID: 38751344.
  38. Kumar, S., Saha, S., Sharma, B., Singh, S., Shukla, P., Mukherjee, S., Agrawal, M., Singh, K., & Singh, T. (2023). The role of resveratrol in Alzheimer’s disease: A comprehensive review of current research. Current Functional Foods, 2(2), Article e121223224364, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.2174/0126668629269244231127071411
  39. Patel S, Ismail Y, Singh S, Rathi S, Shakya S, Patil SS, Bumrela S, Jain PC, Goswami P, Singh S. Recent Innovations and Future Perspectives in Transferosomes for Transdermal Drug Delivery in Therapeutic and Pharmacological Applications. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Oct 24;40:e20240031. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2024.031. PMID: 39442957.
  40. Vaghela MC, Rathi S, Shirole RL, Verma J, Shaheen, Panigrahi S, Singh S. Leveraging AI and Machine Learning in Six-Sigma Documentation for Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Jul 18;40:e20240005. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2024.005. PMID: 39019923.
  41. Patel S, Ismail Y, Singh S, Rathi S, Shakya S, Patil SS, Bumrela S, Jain PC, Goswami P, Singh S. Recent Innovations and Future Perspectives in Transferosomes for Transdermal Drug Delivery in Therapeutic and Pharmacological Applications. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Oct 24;40:e20240031. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2024.031. PMID: 39442957.
  42. Kumar, S., Saha, S., Pathak, D., Singh, T., Kumar, A., Singh, K., Mishra, A. K., Singh, S., & Singh, S. (2024). Cholesterol absorption inhibition by some nutraceuticals. Recent Advances in Food, Nutrition & Agriculture, 16(1), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.2174/012772574X285280240220065812
  43. Singh, S., Chaurasia, A., Rajput, D. S., & Gupta, N. (2024). An overview on mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems & approaches: A comprehensive review. African Journal of Biological Sciences (South Africa), 6(5), 522–541, DOI: 10.33472/AFJBS.6.5.2024.522-541
  44. Kumar, S., Singh, S., Rajput, D., Sharma, B., Chaturvedi, K., Singh, N., Saha, S., Singh, K., & Mukherjee, S. (2024). Pharmacological approaches and herbal interventions for Alzheimer’s disease. The Natural Products Journal, 14(8), Article e220124225945. https://doi.org/10.2174/0122103155275266231123090138
  45. Ravikkumar VR, Patel BD, Rathi S, Parthiban S, Upadhye MC, Shah AM, Rehan SSA, Samanta S, Singh S. Formulation and Evaluation of Drumstick Leaves Tablet as An Immunomodulator. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Jun 21;40:e20240004. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2024.004. PMID: 38902996.
  46. Sharma, A., Bara, G., Keshamma, E., Sharma, B., Singh, S., Singh, S. P., Parashar, T., Rathore, H. S., Sarma, S. K., & Rawat, S. (2023). Cancer biology and therapeutics: A contemporary review. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 14(10), 1229-1247.
  47. Dewangan, H. K., Singh, S., Mishra, R., & Dubey, R. K. (2020). A review on application of nanoadjuvant as delivery system. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 12(4), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020v12i4.36856
  48. Singh S, Chaurasia A, Gupta N, Rajput DS. Effect of Formulation Parameters on Enalapril Maleate Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablet Using Quality by Design (QbD) Approach. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Jun 27;40:e20240003. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2024.003. PMID: 38925868.
  49. Patel SK, Prathyusha S, Kasturi M, Godse KC, Singh R, Rathi S, Bumrela S, Singh S, Goswami P. Optimizing Irbesartan Fast Dissolving Tablets Using Natural Polysaccharides for Enhanced Drug Delivery and Patient Compliance. Int Res J Multidiscip Scope (IRJMS). 2025;6(1):1181-1190. https://doi.org/10.47857/irjms.2025.v06i01.02542
Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 14
Issue 02
Received 29/03/2025
Accepted 02/04/2025
Published 11/06/2025
Publication Time 74 Days
105

[first_name] [last_name]

My IP

PlumX Metrics