Assessing Concrete Strength Through Substituting Coarse Aggregate with Steel Slag and Cement with Bentonite Powder

Year : 2025 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 02 | Page : 1 8
    By

    Krishna Sahebrao Rathod,

  • Vaibhav B. Chavan,

Abstract

This study investigates the strength characteristics of concrete by partially replacing cement with bentonite powder and coarse aggregate with steel slag. The research aims to evaluate the mechanical performance of concrete through compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength tests. Bentonite powder is substituted at varying levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30%, while steel slag is incorporated consistently at 60% as a replacement for coarse aggregate. The objective is to determine the optimal replacement ratio that enhances the overall strength properties of concrete Bentonite powder, known for its pozzolanic properties, improves concrete’s binding capacity and durability, while steel slag, a byproduct of the steel industry, enhances mechanical strength and sustainability by reducing reliance on natural aggregates. The experimental results indicate a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of concrete with these material substitutions. Compared to conventional concrete, the modified mixes exhibit enhanced compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, demonstrating the feasibility of using bentonite powder and steel slag in structural applications. Furthermore, the study contributes to sustainable construction practices by utilizing industrial byproducts, thereby reducing environmental impact and promoting resource efficiency. The findings suggest that optimizing the replacement levels of bentonite powder and steel slag can lead to high-performance concrete suitable for various construction applications. The promising results encourage further research into durability aspects, microstructural analysis, and long-term performance evaluation. This study underscores the potential of alternative materials in enhancing concrete properties while promoting sustainability in the construction industry.

Keywords: Induction furnace slag, super plasticizer, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, slump test

[This article belongs to Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management ]

How to cite this article:
Krishna Sahebrao Rathod, Vaibhav B. Chavan. Assessing Concrete Strength Through Substituting Coarse Aggregate with Steel Slag and Cement with Bentonite Powder. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2025; 15(02):1-8.
How to cite this URL:
Krishna Sahebrao Rathod, Vaibhav B. Chavan. Assessing Concrete Strength Through Substituting Coarse Aggregate with Steel Slag and Cement with Bentonite Powder. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2025; 15(02):1-8. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jocetm/article=2025/view=211897


References

  1. Karthikeyan M, Ramachandran PR, Nandhini A, Vinodha R. Study on the partial replacement of fine aggregate using induction furnace slag. Am J Eng Res. 2008; 4: 1–5.
  2. Benyounes K, Benmounah A. Effect of bentonite on the rheological behavior of cement grout in presence of superplasticizer. World Acad Sci Eng Technol Int J Civil Environ Struct Constr Archit Eng. 2014;8:1180–3.
  3. Priya RP, Bupesh VK, Baalamurugan Jayaraman RGK. Study on replacement of coarse aggregate by steel slag and fine aggregate by manufacturing sand in concrete. Int J Chemtech Res. 2015;8:1721–9.
  4. Arya Sanjaya F, Budy Wasono S, Restuti Wulandari DA. Analysis of use sea sand as a fine aggregate replacement to strong press concrete. Int J Eng Sci Inf Technol. 2021;1:1–6. DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v1i3.77.
  5. Akbar J, Alam B, Ashraf M, Afzal S, Ahmad A, Shahzada K. Usability of sand-bentonite-cement mixture in the construction of impermeable layer. Sci Res Essays. 2017; 6(21): 4492–503.
  6. Aravindhraj M, Sapna BT. Effects of polymer and bentonite support fluids on concrete-sand interface shear strength. Geotechnique. 2014; 64(1): 28–39.
  7. Selvaraj R, Priyanka R. Experimental investigation of using slag as an alternative to normal aggregates in concrete. Int J Civil Struct Eng. 2013; 3(1): 117–127.
  8. Devi V, Gnanavel BK, Murthi P. Utilization of industrial waste slag as aggregate in concrete applications by adopting Taguchi’s approach for optimization. Open J Civil Eng (India). 2012; 2(3): 96–105.
  9. Padmapriya R, Bupesh Raja VK, Ganesh Kumar V, Baalamurugan J. Concrete containing steel slag aggregate: Performance after high temperature exposure. In: Alexander MG, Beushausen H-D, Dehn F, Moyo P, editors. Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting III. Cape Town, South Africa: CRC Press; 2012; 707–12.
  10. Ravikumar H, Dattatreya JK, Shivananda KP. Study on strength properties of concrete by partial replacement of sand by steel slag. Int J Eng Technol Sci. 2014 Oct; 1(6): 96–99.
  11. Kothai PS, Malathy R. (Laboratory of Geotechnics, Ghent University.) Hydraulic conductivity and small-strain stiffness of a cement-bentonite sample exposed to sulphates. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris. 2013; 977–980.
  12. Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 10262:2009. Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design. New Delhi: BIS; 2009.
  13. Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 456:2000. Plain and Reinforced Concrete – Code of Practice. New Delhi: BIS; 2000.
  14. Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 10262:2009. Concrete Mix Proportioning – Guidelines. New Delhi: BIS; 2009.
  15. Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 15658:2006. Precast Concrete Blocks for Paving – Specification. New Delhi: BIS; 2006.
  16. Khitab A, Anwar W, Mehmood I, Khan UA, Minhaj S, Kazmi S, et al. Sustainable construction with advanced biomaterials: An overview. Sci Int (Lahore). 2016; 28(3): 2351–6.
  17. Khitab A, Anwar W, Mansouri I, Tariq MK, Mehmood I. Future of civil engineering materials: A review from recent developments. Rev Adv Mater Sci. 2015; 42: 20–7.
  18. Liu J, Yu Q, Duan W, Qin Q. Experimental investigation of glass content of blast furnace slag by dry granulation. Environ Prog Sustain Energy. 2015; 34(2): 485–91. doi:10.1002/ep.12024.
  19. Awoyera PO, Akinmusuru JO, Ndambuki JM. Influence of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag aggregate sizes on the workability and durability of concrete. Int J Eng Technol. 2015 Jun–Jul; 7(3): 1049–1056.
  20. Biradar KB, Kumar AU, Satyanarayana PVV. Influence of steel slag and fly ash on strength properties of clayey soil: A comparative study. Int J Eng Trends Technol. 2014 Aug; 14(2): 61–64.
  21. Brindha D, Baskaran T, Nagan S. Assessment of corrosion and durability characteristics of copper slag admixed concrete. Int J Civil Struct Eng. 2010; 1(2): 192–211.
  22. Bhagwan J, Guru Vittal UK. Use of marginal materials for rural road construction – Some recent initiatives. In: Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC-2014); Kakinada, India. 2014 Dec 18–20.
Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 15
Issue 02
Received 26/02/2025
Accepted 03/04/2025
Published 07/04/2025
Publication Time 40 Days
160

Login


My IP

PlumX Metrics