Thin Film Solar Cells: Progress in Materials, Fabrication, and Efficiency Enhancements

Year : 2025 | Volume : 12 | Issue : 01 | Page : 37 42
    By

    Sunidhi Rajput,

  1. Student, Electronics & Communication, Student, Sir Chhotu Ram Institute of Engineering & Technology (SCRIET), C.C.S University Campus, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Thin film solar cells (TFSCs) have drawn a lot of interest because of their potential for efficient and reasonably priced photovoltaic energy conversion. Their flexibility, low weight, and lower material consumption make them a desirable substitute for conventional solar cells made of crystalline silicon. This review explores recent advancements in TFSC technology, with a focus on materials, fabrication techniques, and efficiency improvements.Various thin-film materials, such as amorphous silicon (a-Si), perovskite, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), and cadmium telluride (CdTe), are compared. Each of these materials has distinct qualities that affect its stability, effectiveness, and economic feasibility. CdTe has demonstrated high efficiency at a relatively low cost, while CIGS offers excellent tunability and stability. Perovskite solar cells, known for their rapidly increasing efficiencies, present challenges related to stability and lead toxicity. Amorphous silicon, though less efficient, remains a viable option for flexible and low-cost applications. The study also discusses new developments in fabrication techniques, including solution-based methods, atomic layer deposition, and chemical vapor deposition. These methods are essential for assessing the performance and quality of thin-film solar cells. Additionally, advancements in device architecture and engineering, such as tandem structures and passivation strategies, contribute to efficiency enhancements. Furthermore, strategies for improving power conversion efficiency are examined, including bandgap engineering, interface modification, and advanced light management techniques. Despite significant progress, challenges such as stability issues, material toxicity, and large-scale manufacturability persist. Future research should focus on developing environmentally friendly materials, improving long-term stability, and enhancing scalability to make TFSCs a competitive alternative in the photovoltaic industry. This review aims to provide insights into the current state of TFSCs and the future direction of this promising technology.

Keywords: Thin Film Photovoltaics, Solar Cell Efficiency Enhancement, Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Thin Film Deposition Techniques, Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Next-Generation Solar Technologies

[This article belongs to Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application ]

How to cite this article:
Sunidhi Rajput. Thin Film Solar Cells: Progress in Materials, Fabrication, and Efficiency Enhancements. Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application. 2025; 12(01):37-42.
How to cite this URL:
Sunidhi Rajput. Thin Film Solar Cells: Progress in Materials, Fabrication, and Efficiency Enhancements. Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application. 2025; 12(01):37-42. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jotcsta/article=2025/view=202148


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 12
Issue 01
Received 06/02/2025
Accepted 10/02/2025
Published 27/02/2025
Publication Time 21 Days
326

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