A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic and Pharmacological Potential of Karafs (Apium graveolens)

Year : 2025 | Volume : | : | Page : –
By
vector

Ruby Parveen,

vector

Nuzhat Praween,

vector

Shazia Jilani,

vector

Roohi Azam,

vector

Azhar Jabeen,

  1. MD Scholar, Department of Moalejat, School of Unani Medical Education and Research (SUMER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
  2. MD Scholar, Department of Moalejat, School of Unani Medical Education and Research (SUMER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
  3. Associate Professor, Department of Moalejat, School of Unani Medical Education and Research (SUMER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
  4. Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Unani Medical Education and Research (SUMER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
  5. Assistant Professor, Department of Moalejat, School of Unani Medical Education and Research (SUMER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India

Abstract

document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_abs_147773’);});Edit Abstract & Keyword

The history of the medicinal properties of plants and their use in various ailments is as old as the history of mankind. Karafs [Apium graveolens] is one of the important plants among them, belonging to the family Apiaceae/Umbelliferae. Its use in various ailments has been documented in Unani classical literature in detail. Every part of Karafs possesses wonderful medicinal properties. A series of studies conducted to evaluate its medicinal uses have also proved that it strengthens the heart, lowers blood pressure and decreases blood glucose and serum lipid levels. Karafs also possess anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and powerful antioxidant properties. It is a good source of organic compounds i.e Protein, vitamins (Vit-A and Vit-C), amino acids [alanine, glutamine, and asparagine] Carbohydrates, Flavonoids, Coumarins, Alkaloids, Saponins, Β-Carotene, Terpenoids, Steroids, Glycosides and Flavonoid. In this paper, the traditional uses, medicinal properties, and therapeutic and pharmacological actions of Karafs will be discussed thoroughly in light of classical Unani and modern literature.

Keywords: Karafs; Apium graveolens, cytotoxic, glycoside.

How to cite this article:
Ruby Parveen, Nuzhat Praween, Shazia Jilani, Roohi Azam, Azhar Jabeen. A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic and Pharmacological Potential of Karafs (Apium graveolens). Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2025; ():-.
How to cite this URL:
Ruby Parveen, Nuzhat Praween, Shazia Jilani, Roohi Azam, Azhar Jabeen. A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic and Pharmacological Potential of Karafs (Apium graveolens). Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2025; ():-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjoush/article=2025/view=0

document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_ref_147773’);});Edit

References

  1. I. Baitar, Al Jamia Mufradatil Advia wa Al Aghzia, vol. 4, New Delhi: CCRUM,Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India(k), 2000, pp. 139-144.
  2. B. B. KR Kritikar, Indian Medicinal Plants (k), 2 ed., Dehradun: International Book Distributos, 1988, pp. 1199-01.
  3. H. A. Hakeem, Bustan ul muffridat jadeed(k), New Delhi: Idara Kitabus Shifa, 2002, pp. 335-36,405-406,563-565.
  4. The Unani Pharmacopeia of India(k), vol. 5, New delhi: CCRUM,Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,Govt. of India, 2008, pp. 101-104.
  5.  H. Tarique, Tajul Mufridat(k), New Delhi: Idara Kitab us Shifa, 2010, pp. 33-34,431-433,707-708.
  6.  K. Kabeeruddin, Ilm ul Advia Nafeesi(k), New Delhi: Eijaz Publishing House, 2007, pp. 171-72, 133-34,206-207.
  7.  h. A. Hakeem, Mufredate Azeezi(k), New Delhi: CCRUM,Ministry of Health and Family, 2003, pp. 47-48,59-60.
  8.  K. V. Peter, Handbook of Herbs and Spices, vol. 3, Cambridge,Englad: Woodhead publishing limited, 2006, pp. 313-331.
  9.  H. Kabeeruddin, Makhzanul Mufradat(k), New Delhi: Faisal Publication, p. 450.
  10.   N. Ghani, Khazainul Advia(K), New Delhi: Idara Kitabul Shifa, 2010, pp. 206-208,802-805,1274-1276.
  11.  H. Said, Hamdard Pharmacopeia of Eastern Medicine, 2, Ed., Delhi: Sri satguru Publications, 1997, pp. 77-80.
  12.   hakeem Kabeeruddin, Ilm ul Advia Nafeesi(k), New Delhi: Eijaz Publishing House, 2007, pp. 171-72, 133-34, 206-07.
  13.   K. Nadkarni, Indian Materia Medica(k), 2 ed., vol. 2, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan Private Limited, 2010, pp. 119-120,1049-50.
  14.    I. Sina(k), Al Qanoon Fil Tib (English Translation), vol. 2, New Delhi: Jamia Hamdard, 1998, pp. 197-198,343-45,386-88.
  15.    B. B. K.R.Kirtikar, Indian Medicinal Plants, vol. 2, Dehradun: International Books Distributors, 1988, pp. 1199-1201.
  16.   R. AMBZ, Alhavi Fit Tib, vol. 21, New Delhi: CCRUM,Ministry of Health and Family, 2007, pp. 128-131,219-222.
  17.   H. Tariq, Tajul muffridat(k), New Delhi: Idara Kitab us Shifa, 2010, pp. 33-34,431-433,707-708.
  18.    C. Khare, Indian Medicinal Plants(K), New Delhi: Springer, 2007, pp. 56-57,537-538.
  19.   S. Bhattacharya, Hand Book of Medicinal Plant9(k), 4th ed., Jaipur: Pointer Publishers, 2004, pp. 35-36.
  20.   Standardisation of single drug of Unani Medicine(k), vol. 3, New Delhi: CCRUM, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 1997, pp. 302-307.
  21.  Aviccena, Kitab al Qanoon fi al Tibb(k), Lucknow: Munshi Naval Kishore Press, 1906, p. 738.
  22.  C. Karnick, Pharmacopoeial Standards Of Herbal Plants, vol. 2, Delhi: Shri Satguru Publications, 1994.
  23.  “CABI ,Invasive Species Compendium,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/6599.
  24.   R. K. S. Syed Sufiyan Fazal, “Review on the Pharmacognostical & Pharmacological Characterization of Apium Graveolens Linn,” vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 36-42, 2012.
  25.  B. S. R. D. a. S. K, “ANTI-DEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF APIUM GRAVEOLENS SEEDS,” vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 2231-2781, 2012.
  26.  J. B. U. a. S. J. Zakir Ud Din, “In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of Apium graveolens,” Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1699-1704, September 2015.
  27.  A. A. M. A. T. Mansi Kamal, “Hypolipidemic Effects of Seed Extract of Celery,” Pharmacognosy Magazine, vol. 5, no. 20, 2009.
  28.   R. K. S. Syed Sufiyan Fazal, “Review on the Pharmacognostical & Pharmacological Characterization of Apium Graveolens Linn,” Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 36-42, 2012.
  29.    I. B. M. B. M. a. N. A. B. Sameh Bananou, “Antiulcerogenic and antibacterial activities of Apium graveolens essential oil and extract,” vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 1075-1083, 2012.
  30. M. R.A.Momin, “Antioxidant, cyclooxygenase and topoisomerase inhibitory compounds from Apium graveolens Linn. seeds,” ELSEVIER, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 312-318, 2002.
  31.  F. Z. Z. L. Y. Z. L. C. a. F. Q. Kailan Zhou, “Triterpenoids and Flavonoids from Celery (Apium graveolens),” Journal Of Natural Products, p. 1563–1567, August 2009.
  32.  H. E. Sigerist, A History Of Medicine, vol. 2, New York: Oxford University Press, 1987, pp. 3-7.
  33. H. Kabeeruddin, Makhzanul Muffridat, New Delhi: Idara Kitab us Shifa, 2010, pp. 256, 325, 394-95.
  34.  “The Plant List 2010,A working list of all plant species,” [Online]. Available: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/search?q=apium+graveoles.
  35. “The Plant List,” 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2644166.
  36.   E. M. A. E. T.Bullard, Handbook Of Tropical And Subtropical Horticulture, Washington,D.C: Deparment of State agency for International Development , 1970, pp. 89-90.
  37.  h. m. a. hakeem, bustanul mufradat, new delhi : aejaz publishing house , 2011, p. 231.
  38.  C. F.QUIROS, “Celery: Apium graveolens L.,” in Genetic Improvement of Vegetable Crops, scienceDirect, 1993, pp. 523-534.
  39.   K. Peter, Handbook of Herbs and Spices, 2nd ed., vol. 2, Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, 2012, pp. 249-267.
  40.   A Hand Book of Medicinal Plamts.
  41.  The Wealth of India(k), vol. 1, New Delhi: Council of Scientifc andIndustrial Research, 2003, pp. 320-325,367-373.
  42.  S. P. S. K. N.D Prajapati, A Hand Book of Medicinal Plants, 1 ed., Jodhpur: Agrobios, 2009, pp. 54,436.
  43. The Useful Plants of India(k), New Delhi: National Institute of Science Communication (CSIR), 2000, pp. 47-48.
  44.  P. S. S. A. T. Prajapati ND, A Hand Book of Medicinal Plants(K), 1st, Ed., Jodhpur: Agrobios, 2009, pp. 54, 436..
  45.  A. Khan, Muhit-e- Azam, vol. 1, New Delhi: CCRUM, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2012, pp. 0-15, 127.
  46. A. Razi, Alhavi Fit Tib, vol. 21, New Delhi: CCRUM, 2007, pp. 128-131,219-222.
  47.   H. Kabeeruddin, Makhzanul Muffridat(k), New Delhi: Faisal Publication, p. 450.
  48.   The Unani Pharmacopeia of India(k), New Delhi: CCRUM,Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,Govt. of India, 2008, pp. 101-104.
  49.   P. Ravindran, The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Spices(k), 2017, p. 228.
  50.  R. P. RastogI, Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants, New Delhi: Central Drug Research Institute; Publications & Information Directorate, 1990.
  51.  H. Sowbhagya, “Chemistry, Technology, and Nutraceutical Functions of Celery (Apium graveolens L.): An Overview,” vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 389-398 , 2013.
  52.   A. A.-J. K. a. I.-M. C. Praveen Nagella, “Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and larvicidal effects of essential oil from leaves of Apium graveolens,” Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology , vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 205-209, 8 July 2011.
  53.  “Nutraceutical potential and bioassay of Apium graveolens L. grown in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan,” vol. 5, no. 20, pp. 5160-5166, 30 September 2011.
  54.   N. K. Phulan Rani, “Antimicrobial evaluation of some medicinal plants for their anti-enteric potential against multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi,” vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 670-673, 08 October 2004.
  55.  P. V. A. S. V. C. A. Sipailiene, “COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CELERY (APIUM GRAVEOLENS) LEAF AND ROOT EXTRACTS OBTAINED WITH LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE,” vol. 3.
  56. I. M. C. S. H. K. M. Y. K. A. A. a. N. P. W. S. Jung, “In vitro antioxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoids from celery (Apium graveolens) leaves,” Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, vol. 5, no. 32, pp. 7022-7030, 30 December 2011.
  57. [57]       B. I. M. B. &. N. A. B. Baananou Sameh, “Antioxidant Activity of Apium graveolens Extracts,” Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, vol. 1, no. 5-6, pp. 340-343, 2011.
  58.  S. B. TÜLIN AYDEMIR, Journal of Food Biochemistry, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 62-79, 2010.
  59.  L. R. B. S. G. Q. S. T. C. l. d. S. M. G. M. Yasiel ArteagaCrespo, “Evaluation of the synergistic effects of antioxidant activity on mixtures of the essential oil from Apium graveolens L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Coriandrum sativum L. using simplex-lattice design,” ScienceDirect, vol. 5, no. 6, 2019.
  60.    M. N. A. A. a. A. K. I. Jabbar A. A. Al-Sa’aidi, “Antioxidant activity of n-butanol extract of celery Apium graveolens) seed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats,” Research in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 24-29, November 2012 2012.
  61.   N. P. D. B. K. T. D Tsi, “Effects of aqueous celery (Apium graveolens) extract on lipid parameters of rats fed a high fat diet,” PubMed, 1995.
  62.   M. G. M. A.-S. A. A. M. Wesam Kooti, “The Effects of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Celery on Lipid Profile of Rats Fed a High Fat Diet,” Advances in Environmental Biology, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 325-330, 2014.
  63.   A. C. G. B. R. D. L. R. P. A. a. G. A. T. Mencherini, “An extract of Apium graveolens var. dulce leaves: structure of the major constituent, apiin, and its anti-inflammatory propertie,” Journal of Pharmacy and Phamacology, vol. 59, pp. 891-897, 2007.
  64.  B. A. A.-K. a. N. J. M. Haider Ridha Salman, “Effect of Apium graveolens Leaves and Stalks in Reducing the Side Effects of Doxorubicin in Male Rabbits,” Medical Journal of Babylon, vol. 10, no. 1, 2013.
  65.  R. A. M. A. R. A. A. A. J. Faruk H. Al Jawad, “Apium graveolens accentuates urinary Ca+2 excretions in experimental model of nephrocalcinosis,” International Journal of Green Pharmacy , 2011.
  66.   H. P. B. S. K. K. J. S. J. S. A. a. S. S. G. C. Jain, “A study of the hepatomodulatory activity of Apium graveolens L. (celery) seed extract in rats against DEHP induced liver toxicity,” International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 001-004, 2020.
  67.    A. a. S.S.Handa, “Hepatoprotective activity of Apium graveolens and Hygrophila auriculata against paracetamol and thioacetamide intoxication in rats,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 119-126, 1995.
  68.   I. B. M. B. M. A. Sameh Baananou, “Antiulcerogenic and antibacterial activities of Apium graveolens essential oil and extract,” Natural Product Research , vol. 27, no. 12, 2013.
  69.   R. A. M. a. M. G. Nair, “Mosquitocidal, Nematicidal, and Antifungal Compounds from Apium graveolens L. Seeds,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, p. 142–145, 2001
Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume
Received 25/12/2024
Accepted 03/01/2025
Published 13/01/2025
202