MicroRNAs in Animal Behavior: Regulation of Memory and Decision-Making in Mammals

Year : 2024 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 03 | Page : 21 25
    By

    Shad Ahmad,

  • Mohd. Danish,

  1. Student, Department: Warner College of Dairy Technology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
  2. Student, Department: Warner College of Dairy Technology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In recent years, their significance has extended beyond cellular development and disease regulation, as emerging evidence suggests they are critical mediators in complex behavioral processes, including learning, memory, and decision-making. This article explores the role of miRNAs in regulating neural plasticity and cognitive functions in mammals, emphasizing their involvement in memory formation and cognitive decision-making. The biogenesis of miRNAs and their mechanisms of action specifically, the regulation of synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation are key to understanding their impact on behavioral outcomes. Several miRNAs, such as miR-132, miR-134, and miR-124, have been identified as essential modulators of memory processes, influencing synaptic strength and neural circuit reorganization. Through the regulation of key molecular pathways, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cAMP response element-binding protein, miRNAs shape the structural and functional plasticity necessary for memory storage and retrieval. miRNAs are implicated in cognitive flexibility and decision-making, particularly within the prefrontal cortex. This region, vital for executive functions, is regulated by miRNAs that influence risk assessment, reward processing, and choice behavior. The intricate feedback loops between miRNAs, transcription factors, and other molecular regulators highlight their broad influence on cognition and behavior. Given their central role in cognitive processes, miRNAs have also emerged as potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive disorders. Targeting specific miRNAs holds promise for restoring cognitive function in conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. However, challenges remain in the development of miRNA-based therapies, particularly in ensuring precise delivery and minimizing off-target effects. This review underscores the importance of miRNAs in behavioral regulation and calls for further research into their therapeutic potential in mammals.

Keywords: MicroRNAs, epigenetic regulation, animal behavior, memory formation

[This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ]

How to cite this article:
Shad Ahmad, Mohd. Danish. MicroRNAs in Animal Behavior: Regulation of Memory and Decision-Making in Mammals. Research & Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2024; 13(03):21-25.
How to cite this URL:
Shad Ahmad, Mohd. Danish. MicroRNAs in Animal Behavior: Regulation of Memory and Decision-Making in Mammals. Research & Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2024; 13(03):21-25. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjovst/article=2024/view=180599


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 13
Issue 03
Received 18/09/2024
Accepted 17/10/2024
Published 30/10/2024
405

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