Savita R. Goswami,
Dr. Anjali Bishnoi,
Sandeep Rai,
Dr. Jigna Machhi,
- PhD Scholar Department of Chemical Engineering, L D College of Engineering, Ahmedabad Gujarat India
- Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering, L D College of Engineering, Ahmedabad Gujarat India
- General Manager (R& D) Dyne Chemicals LLP, Chatral, Industrial Area Phase IV, Gandhinagar Gujarat India
- Assistant Professor Government Science College, Songadh, Tapi, Gujarat India
Abstract
Nano zinc oxide (ZnO) has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its unique properties and potential applications in various fields. This paper discusses the synthesis of nano ZnO by precipitation method and characterizes them with various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy and explores its application in the preparation of rubber composites. These synthesized particles were measured to have an average size of 29.78 nm using X-ray diffraction. SEM/EDS findings provide significant new insights into the morphological and elemental properties of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles.FTIR is used to analyze the chemical and structural properties of ZnO nanoparticles.The integration of artificial nanoparticles into the rubber matrix through the use of two roll mills is the additional focus of this work. Using nano ZnO at varying loading concentrations (0.5 to 6 phr), the effects of nano additives were evaluated in rubber compounding. The paper highlights the impact of nano ZnO on the physical, cure properties of rubber composites, emphasizing its role in enhancing tensile properties at 1phr of synthesized nano ZnO with rubber composite. The paper discusses the challenges of integrating nano ZnO into rubber matrices and offers insights into future research directions.
Keywords: Zinc oxide, Nanoparticles, tensile properties, cure properties, rubber composite
References
[1] Bishnoi A, Rajaraman TS, Dube CL, Ambegaonkar NJ. Smart nanosensors for textiles: an introduction. Nanosensors and Nanodevices for Smart Multifunctional Textiles, Elsevier Applied Science; 2020, p. 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820777-2.00002-9. [2] Mangukiya H, Rajput M, Bishnoi A, Rai S. All Rights Reserved Page 18. vol. 3. 2017. [3] Bishnoi A, Kumar S, Joshi N. Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WXRD). Microscopy Methods in Nanomaterials Characterization, Elsevier; 2017, p. 313–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46141-2.00009-2. [4] Kolodziejczak-Radzimska A, Jesionowski T. Zinc oxide-from synthesis to application: A review. Materials 2014;7:2833–81. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7042833. [5] Mishra RK, Cherusseri J, Bishnoi A. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Self-Tuning Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Adaptive Nanocomposite (STRAINcomp) View project. 2017. [6] Gaca M, Pietrasik J, Zaborski M, Okrasa L, Boiteux G, Gain O. Effect of zinc oxide modified silica particles on the molecular dynamics of carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber composites. Polymers (Basel) 2017;9. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9120645. [7] Wang Z, Lu Y, Liu J, Dang Z, Zhang L, Wang W. Preparation of nano-zinc oxide/EPDM composites with both good thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2011;119:1144–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.32736. [8] Wang Z, Hou Z, Liu X, Gu Z, Li H, Chen Q. Preparation of Zinc Oxide with Core–Shell Structure and Its Application in Rubber Products. Polymers (Basel) 2023;15. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15102353. [9] Adam RE, Pozina G, Willander M, Nur O. Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by co-precipitation method for solar driven photodegradation of Congo red dye at different pH. Photonics Nanostruct 2018;32:11–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2018.08.005. [10] Islam A, Sharma A, Chaturvedi R, Singh PK. Synthesis and structural analysis of zinc oxide nano particle by chemical method. Mater Today Proc, vol. 45, Elsevier Ltd; 2021, p. 3670–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.281. [11] Hasnidawani JN, Azlina HN, Norita H, Bonnia NN, Ratim S, Ali ES. Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures Using Sol-Gel Method. Procedia Chem 2016;19:211–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.095. [12] Khezami L, Ismail MA, Taha KK, Modwi A. ZnO NANOPARTICLES: SURFACE AND X-RAY PROFILE ANALYSIS. vol. 14. 2018. [13] Hao YM, Lou SY, Zhou SM, Yuan RJ, Zhu GY, Li N. Structural, optical, and magnetic studies of manganese-doped zinc oxide hierarchical microspheres by self-assembly of nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012;7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-7-100. [14] Ditta MA, Farrukh MA, Ali S, Younas N. X-ray peak profiling, optical parameters and catalytic properties of pure and CdS doped ZnO–NiO nanocomposites. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 2017;90:151–9. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427217010220. [15] Ansari SP, Mohammad F. Studies on Nanocomposites of Polyaniline and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Supporting Matrix of Polycarbonate. ISRN Materials Science 2012;2012:1–7. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/129869. [16] Roy K, Alam MN, Mandal SK, Debnath SC. Sol-gel derived nano zinc oxide for the reduction of zinc oxide level in natural rubber compounds. J Solgel Sci Technol 2014;70:378–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3293-9. [17] Siriwas T, Pichaiyut S, Susoff M, Petersen S, Nakason C. Enhancing curing, mechanical and electrical properties of epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposites with graphene and carbon nanotubes hybrid fillers. J Mater Sci 2023;58:15676–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-09003-3. [18] Pimolsiriphol V, Saeoui P, Sirisinha C. Relationship among thermal ageing degradation, dynamic properties, cure systems, and antioxidants in natural rubber vulcanisates. Polymer – Plastics Technology and Engineering 2007;46:113–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602550601152861. [19] Maiti M, Sadhu S, Bhowmick AK. Effect of carbon black on properties of rubber nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2005;96:443–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21463. [20] Chukwu MN, Ekhator I, Ekebafe LO. Effect of zinc oxide level as activator on the mechanical properties of natural rubber composite. Nigerian Journal of Technology 2019;38:675. https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v38i3.19. [21] Johns J, Nakason C, Thitithammawong A, Klinpituksa P. Method tovulcanize natural rubber frommedium ammonia latex by using glutaraldehyde. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2012;85:565–75. https://doi.org/10.5254/rct.12.88920. [22] Samaržija-Jovanović S, Jovanović V, Marković G, Zeković I, Marinović-Cincović M. Properties of vulcanized polyisoprene rubber composites filled with opalized white tuff and precipitated silica. The Scientific World Journal 2014;2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/913197.
Journal of Polymer and Composites
Volume | |
Received | August 27, 2024 |
Accepted | September 2, 2024 |
Published | September 5, 2024 |