Recycling of Expired Chemical Drugs and Controlling of Organic Chemical Compounds

Year : 2024 | Volume :14 | Issue : 02 | Page : 11-19
By

Nagham Mahmood Aljamali,

Shireen Ridha Rasool,

Ali Jassim Al-Zuhairi,

Noor Saad Jaafer,

Marwah Tahseen Neamah,

  1. Professor Department of Chemistry ,Synthetic Organic Chemistry ,College of Education, Tehran Iraq
  2. Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry, College of Science ,University of Babylon, Babylon Iraq
  3. Assistant Professor College of Engineering, Al-Musayab, University of Babylon. Iraq
  4. Assistant Lecturer Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Girls, Kufa University, Kufa Iraq
  5. Assistant Lecturer Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Girls, Kufa University, Kufa Iraq

Abstract

Expired chemicals in chemical medicines represent a big problem in chemical medicines and we must find ways to treat expired medicines. It proposes a new technology for reuse instead of burying it with ordinary waste or instead of burning it in the ovens of the soil company, The side effects of an expired medicine (its chemical substances are out of date and ineffective in healing) are any unwanted effects of the medicine. Although many new drugs target the disease more precisely than their predecessors, none of them have hit the target precisely so far. The use of most drugs causes several effects, but only one effect – a therapeutic – is usually required to treat the disorder. However, when using an over-the-counter drug that contains an antihistamine, drowsiness is considered a therapeutic effect. The goal of drug recycling is to take care of the environment. This is achieved by preventing drug residues from being dumped in public garbage and ending up polluting the soil and water. Another advantage of pharmaceutical recycling is that it helps save energy by recycling packaging and using its waste to produce energy. Now that you know how to dispose of expired medicines, whenever you check your medicine cabinet, go to the pharmacy to deposit it. The fake drug market has recently rebounded, with business promoting illegal drug recycling, which poses a threat to the health of millions of Egyptians, with the increasing quantities of expired drugs in pharmacies and the inability of some of them to dispose of them. Although the exact number of side effects of drugs is uncertain, they clearly constitute a major and often preventable public health problem. Many new drugs target the disease more precisely than their predecessors.

Keywords: Expired drugs, Chemical drugs, recycling, Thermal effect on compounds, organic compounds.

[This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)]

How to cite this article: Nagham Mahmood Aljamali, Shireen Ridha Rasool, Ali Jassim Al-Zuhairi, Noor Saad Jaafer, Marwah Tahseen Neamah. Recycling of Expired Chemical Drugs and Controlling of Organic Chemical Compounds. Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology. 2024; 14(02):11-19.
How to cite this URL: Nagham Mahmood Aljamali, Shireen Ridha Rasool, Ali Jassim Al-Zuhairi, Noor Saad Jaafer, Marwah Tahseen Neamah. Recycling of Expired Chemical Drugs and Controlling of Organic Chemical Compounds. Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology. 2024; 14(02):11-19. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjobt/article=2024/view=160771



References

  1. Bekker, C.L. (2017). “Redispensing of medicines unused by patients: a qualitative study among stakeholders”. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 39(1): 196–204. doi:1007/s11096-017-0424-8
  2. Connelly, D. (5 July 2018). “Should pharmacists be allowed to reuse medicines?”. The Pharmaceutical Journal. 301(7915): 20–23. doi:1211/PJ.2018.20205091.
  3. Hui, T.K.L. (27 March 2020). “Enhancing Pharmaceutical Packaging through a Technology Ecosystem to Facilitate the Reuse of Medicines and Reduce Medicinal Waste”. Pharmacy. 8(2). doi:3390/s20113080. PMC 7308820. PMID 32485976.
  4. Hui, T.K.L. (29 May 2020). “Enabling Medicine Reuse Using a Digital Time Temperature Humidity Sensor in an Internet of Pharmaceutical Things Concept”. Sensors. 20 (11): 3080. Bibcode:.20.3080H. doi:10.3390/s20113080
  5. Jawad, A. M., N Mahmood A., Aseel, M. J. (2020). Innovation, Preparation of Cephalexin Drug Derivatives and Studying of (Toxicity & Resistance of Infection). International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. 24(04), 3754-3767.
  6. Erich Lück and Gert-Wolfhard von Rymon Lipinski “Foods, 3. Food Additives” in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. , Available at :https//:doi1002/14356007.a11_561
  7. Barrett, J. R. (2007). Hyperactive Ingredients?”. Environmental Health Perspectives. 115 (12): A578. , Available at :https//: doi:1289/ehp.115-a578
  8. N Mahmood A. (2022). Origination of Macrocyclic Formazan with Macrocyclic Sulfazan and Triazan as Originated Compounds and Compared Their efficiency Against Breast Cancer. Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science, 2022, 4(1) OAJBS.ID.000383. DOI: 10.38125/OAJBS.000383
  9. Evans, G., de Challemaison, B., & Cox, D. N. (2010). “Consumers’ ratings of the natural and unnatural qualities of foods”. Appetite. 54 (3): 557–563., Available at: https//:  doi:1016/j.appet.2010.02.014
  10. Vettorazzi, Ariane; López De Cerain, Adela; Sanz-Serrano, Julen; Gil, Ana G.; Azqueta, Amaya (2020). “European Regulatory Framework and Safety Assessment of Food-Related Bioactive Compounds”. Nutrients. 12 (3): 613. , Available at: https//: doi:3390/nu12030613
  11. N Mahmood A. (2017). Synthesis of Antifungal Chemical Compounds from Fluconazole with (Pharma-Chemical) Studying. Research journal of Pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences. 8 (3), 564-573.
  12. Sonnenburg, Erica D.; Sonnenburg, Justin L. ( 2019). “The ancestral and industrialized gut microbiota and implications for human health”. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 17 (6): 383–390. , Available at: https//:doi:1038/s41579-019-0191-8.
  13. Clark, J. H.؛ Luque, R.؛ Matharu, A. S. (2012). Green Chemistry, Biofuels, and Biorefinery ،Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering، 3: 183–207، Available at : doi:1146/annurev-chembioeng-062011-081014
  14. Sumyah Jasim Mohammed ,Wisam Hassan Ali, Doaa Hamed Salih ,N Mahmood A. (2023). The effect of Temperature and Drug  Storage Methods on The chemical Additives of Drug., International Journal of Clinical Research and Reports, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2023.
  15. Kusturica, Milica P.; Sabo, Ana; Tomic, Zdenko; Horvat, Olga; Šolak, Zdravko (30 May 2012). “Storage and disposal of unused medications: knowledge, behavior, and attitudes among Serbian people”. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 34 (4): 604–610. doi:1007/s11096-012-9652-0. PMID22644600. S2CID 28069909.
  16. Mahmood A J., N Mahmood A., Jwad S M. (2020). Development and Preparation of ciprofloxacin Drug Derivatives for Treatment of Microbial Contamination in Hospitals and Environment. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology.; 14(2): 1115-1122
  17. Dhuha Raheem Azooz Abbood., Zainab Abd Ameer Mohammed. “Silver Biosynthesis, characterization, Antioxidant and Antihemolysis activity of nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced using Cynophyta Alga Extract (Spirulina platensis).” Journal Alharf ,19 (2023): 103-114.
  18. Bronder, E; Klimpel, A (November 2001). “Unused drugs returned to the pharmacy–new data”. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 39 (11): 480–3. PMID11727967.
  19. N Mahmood A., Aseel M Jawad, Imd Kam. (2020). Public Health in Hospitals. Eliva Press. 1st Ed., ISBN: 9798636352129
  20. Rusul Najm ., Jinan M H . (2023). Detection of Virulence Genes of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Different Sources., Journal Alharf ., Issue August, No. 18, P: 130-138.
  21. Kennedy-Hendricks, Alene; Gielen, Andrea; McDonald, Eileen; McGinty, Emma E.; Shields, Wendy; Barry, Colleen L. (2016). “Medication Sharing, Storage, and Disposal Practices for Opioid Medications Among US Adults”. JAMA Internal Medicine. 176 (7): 1027–9. doi:1001/jamainternmed.2016.2543
  22. Bronstein, Alvin C.; Spyker, Daniel A.; Cantilena, Louis R. Jr.; Green, Jody L.; Rumack, Barry H.; Heard, Stuart E. (2008). “2007 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 25th Annual Report”. Clinical Toxicology. 46 (10): 927–1057. doi:1080/15563650802559632
  23. Alnahas, Faez (2020). “Expired Medication: Societal, Regulatory and Ethical Aspects of a Wasted Opportunity”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17 (3). MDPI: 787. doi:3390/ijerph17030787
  24. Hui, T.K.L. (2020). “Enhancing Pharmaceutical Packaging through a Technology Ecosystem to Facilitate the Reuse of Medicines and Reduce Medicinal Waste”. Pharmacy. 8 (2). Bibcode:.20.3080H. doi:10.3390/s20113080.
  25. Hind A A., Samira K H. (2023). Isolation and identification of Proteus mirabilis bacteria from different clinical sources and investigation of some of their virulence factors., Journal Alharf ., Issue August, No. 18, P: 148-160.
  26. Naoki Maruyama and Toratane Munegumi. Cicada Shells as Chemical Education Resources to Study Functional Groups and Environmental Cycles. World Journal of Chemical Education. 2023; 11(4):127-133. doi: 10.12691/wjce-11-4-1
  27. Hui, T.K.L. (2020). “Enabling Medicine Reuse Using a Digital Time Temperature Humidity Sensor in an Internet of Pharmaceutical Things Concept”. Sensors. 20 (11): 3080. Bibcode:.20.3080H. doi:10.3390/s20113080.
  28. Bekker, C.L. (2019). “What does it cost to redispense unused medications in the pharmacy? A micro-costing study”. BMC Health Services Research. 19 (1): 243. doi:1186/s12913-019-4065-6.
  29. Bekker, C.L. (2019). “Redispensing of unused HIV Post-exposure prophylaxis therapyfor medical exchange students”. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 29: 82–83. doi:1016/j.tmaid.2019.02.005. hdl:1874/382242
  30. Hui, T.K.L. (2020). “Enhancing Pharmaceutical Packaging through a Technology Ecosystem to Facilitate the Reuse of Medicines and Reduce Medicinal Waste”. Pharmacy. 8 (2). Bibcode:.20.3080H. doi:10.3390/s20113080.
  31. Nemah Sahib Mohammed Husien.,  N Mahmood A. (2024). Designation of Nano-Analytical Reagents and Evaluation of Nano-Applications. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 116(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.116.2.2740
  32. Hui, T.K.L. (2020). “Enabling Medicine Reuse Using a Digital Time Temperature Humidity Sensor in an Internet of Pharmaceutical Things Concept”. Sensors. 20 (11): 3080. Bibcode:.20.3080H. doi:10.3390/s20113080. .
  33. Bekker, C.L. (2019). “What does it cost to redispense unused medications in the pharmacy? A micro-costing study”. BMC Health Services Research. 19 (1): 243. doi:1186/s12913-019-4065-6. PMC6481041. PMID 31014325.
  34. Bekker, C.L. (2019). “Redispensing of unused HIV Post-exposure prophylaxis therapyfor medical exchange students”. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 29: 82–83. doi:1016/j.tmaid.2019.02.005. hdl:1874/382242

Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 14
Issue 02
Received May 7, 2024
Accepted June 7, 2024
Published August 2, 2024

Check Our other Platform for Workshops in the field of AI, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology.
Check Out Platform for Webinars in the field of AI, Biotech. & Nanotech.