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Journal= jopc Volume= 11 Issue= 09
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Journal= jopc Volume= 11 Issue= 09
Due to the combination of its numerous excellent mechanical qualities, the flexible iron has been used more and more since its invention in 1948. To develop significantly improved characteristics, the unnecessary investigation is being done. The most recent development in the field of flexible iron, or SG iron, is Austempererd malleable iron. At four different temperatures, two different types of spheroidal graphite (SG) cast iron samples with varying copper weight levels were austempered. The temperatures used for austempering were 200°C, 300°C, 350°C, and 400°C. As a component of the austempering time and temperature, the effect of the austempering process (i.e. time and temperature) on the mechanical characteristics of spheroidal graphite iron was investigated. The progress of spheroidal graphite iron’s properties was significantly influenced by the pace of cooling and the extinguishing process. The organisation of different stages during isothermal change under varied austempering settings has also been the focus of XRD analysis. By using SEM, graphite morphology has been focused on. For this investigation, samples were obtained from the castings’ focal point for XRD analysis. It was discovered that virtually always, it is possible to discriminate between the ferrite (110) and austenite (111) lines. The ferrite (110) line is growing with expanding austempering time and declining with increasing austempering temperature, whereas the highest power of the austenite (111) line is expanding with expanding temperature. Thus, very precise control of the interaction components (austempering duration and temperature) is required for austempering. The results showed that, when compared to other grades (N1) through the various austempering processes used in this evaluation, ADI containing the alloying component copper (grade N2) achieved crucial mechanical qualities.
Keywords: Austempering (temperature and time), Spheroidal Graphite Iron, XRD, SEM analysisMechanical vibration energy can be transformed into electrical energy by a vibration energy harvester, which can then be stored in the battery for later use. It can convert vibrational motions like walking, leaping, running, etc. into pure renewable energy. This can turn previously squandered energy into energy that can be used to recharge wireless sensors and portable electronics. If these gadgets are used widely, they can produce a lot of green energy and contribute to environmental protection. The majority of MEMS energy harvesters are made to collect energy solely in one direction. A new three-Degree of freedom (DOF) MEMS piezoelectric vibration harvester solution is proposed in this work. A core silicon mass in the shape of a H is sustained by two pairs of T-beams on either side of the device. The mass is fixed on both sides along four sets of folded beams that oscillate in the X direction. The mass can vibrate in both the Y and Z axes thanks to two sets of straight rays. Along the beam surfaces, the piezoelectric material is already placed. It can transform the beams’ vibrational energy into electrical energy voltage that flows via the rectifier circuit to recharge the battery. A more effective energy harvesting outcome is achieved by the device’s ability to capture vibrational energy along all three axes. Using the COMSOL Multiphysics® programme, it is both developed and simulated. It is proposed that MEMS energy harvesters be mounted to shoes, tyres, or other vibrating surfaces from which it harvests energy from motion while moving while traveling, running, and walking.
Keywords: cantilever beam, piezoelectric, stress, deflection, non-traditional geometryDue to the combination of its numerous excellent mechanical qualities, the flexible iron has been used more and more since its invention in 1948. To develop significantly improved characteristics, the unnecessary investigation is being done. The most recent development in the field of flexible iron, or SG iron, is Austempererd malleable iron. At four different temperatures, two different types of spheroidal graphite (SG) cast iron samples with varying copper weight levels were austempered. The temperatures used for austempering were 200°C, 300°C, 350°C, and 400°C. As a component of the austempering time and temperature, the effect of the austempering process (i.e. time and temperature) on the mechanical characteristics of spheroidal graphite iron was investigated. The progress of spheroidal graphite iron’s properties was significantly influenced by the pace of cooling and the extinguishing process. The organisation of different stages during isothermal change under varied austempering settings has also been the focus of XRD analysis. By using SEM, graphite morphology has been focused on. For this investigation, samples were obtained from the castings’ focal point for XRD analysis. It was discovered that virtually always, it is possible to discriminate between the ferrite (110) and austenite (111) lines. The ferrite (110) line is growing with expanding austempering time and declining with increasing austempering temperature, whereas the highest power of the austenite (111) line is expanding with expanding temperature. Thus, very precise control of the interaction components (austempering duration and temperature) is required for austempering. The results showed that, when compared to other grades (N1) through the various austempering processes used in this evaluation, ADI containing the alloying component copper (grade N2) achieved crucial mechanical qualities.
Keywords: Austempering (temperature and time), Spheroidal Graphite Iron, XRD, SEM analysisMechanical vibration energy can be transformed into electrical energy by a vibration energy harvester, which can then be stored in the battery for later use. It can convert vibrational motions like walking, leaping, running, etc. into pure renewable energy. This can turn previously squandered energy into energy that can be used to recharge wireless sensors and portable electronics. If these gadgets are used widely, they can produce a lot of green energy and contribute to environmental protection. The majority of MEMS energy harvesters are made to collect energy solely in one direction. A new three-Degree of freedom (DOF) MEMS piezoelectric vibration harvester solution is proposed in this work. A core silicon mass in the shape of a H is sustained by two pairs of T-beams on either side of the device. The mass is fixed on both sides along four sets of folded beams that oscillate in the X direction. The mass can vibrate in both the Y and Z axes thanks to two sets of straight rays. Along the beam surfaces, the piezoelectric material is already placed. It can transform the beams’ vibrational energy into electrical energy voltage that flows via the rectifier circuit to recharge the battery. A more effective energy harvesting outcome is achieved by the device’s ability to capture vibrational energy along all three axes. Using the COMSOL Multiphysics® programme, it is both developed and simulated. It is proposed that MEMS energy harvesters be mounted to shoes, tyres, or other vibrating surfaces from which it harvests energy from motion while moving while traveling, running, and walking.
Keywords: cantilever beam, piezoelectric, stress, deflection, non-traditional geometryWEBSITE DISCLAIMER
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