Gene Editing and Its Implications for Animal Health

Year : 2024 | Volume : | : | Page : –
By

Madhu Goswami

  1. Student Department of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh India

Abstract

Gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, have revolutionized the field of veterinary medicine, offering unprecedented opportunities for precise genetic manipulation in animals. This review explores the potential applications of gene editing in enhancing animal health, focusing on disease resistance, breeding programs, and the associated ethical considerations. Beginning with an overview of gene editing techniques, we discuss the utility of CRISPR/Cas9 in targeted genetic modifications and compare its advantages and limitations relative to other methods.
The review then examines the use of gene editing for disease resistance, showcasing case studies across various animal species, including livestock, companion animals, and aquaculture species. We highlight examples of targeted genetic modifications aimed at enhancing immunity against specific pathogens and discuss the potential implications for animal welfare and agricultural sustainability. Furthermore, we explore the role of gene editing in breeding programs, where it facilitates the introduction of desirable traits in animals through accelerated genetic manipulation. We delve into the considerations surrounding regulatory approval and public acceptance of gene-edited animals, recognizing the need for ethical evaluation and societal dialogue in this evolving landscape. Ethical considerations form a significant component of this review, encompassing discussions on animal welfare, rights, and human responsibility in genetic manipulation. We examine various ethical frameworks and perspectives, emphasizing the importance of thoughtful deliberation and informed decision-making in the application of gene editing technologies in veterinary medicine.
Finally, we address the regulatory landscape and future directions of gene editing in animal health, outlining current regulations, challenges in translation from research to commercial applications, and opportunities for personalized medicine and conservation efforts. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of gene editing in animal health, underscoring the opportunities and challenges inherent in its integration into veterinary practice.

Keywords: Gene Editing, CRISPR/Cas9, Gene Editing Technologies, Animal health, Breeding Programs

How to cite this article: Madhu Goswami. Gene Editing and Its Implications for Animal Health. Research & Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2024; ():-.
How to cite this URL: Madhu Goswami. Gene Editing and Its Implications for Animal Health. Research & Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2024; ():-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjovst/article=2024/view=146185




References

. Critchley C, Nicol D, Bruce G, Walshe J, Treleaven T, Tuch B. Predicting public attitudes toward gene editing of germlines: the impact of moral and hereditary concern in human and animal applications. Frontiers in Genetics. 2019 Jan 9;9:704.

  1. Yunes MC, Osório-Santos Z, von Keyserlingk MA, Hötzel MJ. Gene editing for improved animal welfare and production traits in cattle: Will this technology be embraced or rejected by the public?. Sustainability. 2021 Apr 28;13(9):4966.
  2. Raza SH, Hassanin AA, Pant SD, Bing S, Sitohy MZ, Abdelnour SA, Alotaibi MA, Al-Hazani TM, Abd El-Aziz AH, Cheng G, Zan L. Potentials, prospects and applications of genome editing technologies in livestock production. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2022 Apr 1;29(4):1928-35.|
  3. de Graeff N, Jongsma KR, Johnston J, Hartley S, Bredenoord AL. The ethics of genome editing in non-human animals: a systematic review of reasons reported in the academic literature. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 2019 May 13;374(1772):20180106.
  4. Bharati J, Punetha M, Kumar BS, Vidyalakshmi GM, Sarkar M, Michael JD, Singh RK. Genome editing in animals: an overview. Genomics and biotechnological advances in veterinary, poultry, and fisheries. 2020 Jan 1:75-104.
  5. Hansen PJ. Prospects for gene introgression or gene editing as a strategy for reduction of the impact of heat stress on production and reproduction in cattle. Theriogenology. 2020 Sep 15;154:190-202.
  6. Maximiano MR, Tavora FT, Prado GS, Dias SC, Mehta A, Franco OL. CRISPR genome editing technology: A powerful tool applied to developing agribusiness. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2021 Jun 7;69(23):6379-95.
  7. Piergentili R, Del Rio A, Signore F, Umani Ronchi F, Marinelli E, Zaami S. CRISPR-Cas and its wide-ranging applications: From human genome editing to environmental implications, technical limitations, hazards and bioethical issues. Cells. 2021 Apr 21;10(5):969.
  8. Robinson NA, Østbye TK, Kettunen AH, Coates A, Barrett LT, Robledo D, Dempster T. A guide to assess the use of gene editing in aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture. 2024 Mar;16(2):775-84.
  9. Laible G, Wei J, Wagner S. Improving livestock for agriculture–technological progress from random transgenesis to precision genome editing heralds a new era. Biotechnology journal. 2015 Jan;10(1):109-20.
  10. Shanthalingam S, Tibary A, Beever JE, Kasinathan P, Brown WC, Srikumaran S. Precise gene editing paves the way for derivation of Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin-resistant cattle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016 Nov 15;113(46):13186-90.
  11. Menchaca A, dos Santos-Neto PC, Mulet AP, Crispo M. CRISPR in livestock: From editing to printing. Theriogenology. 2020 Jul 1;150:247-54.
  12. Davies G, Gorman R, McGlacken R, Peres S. The social aspects of genome editing: publics as stakeholders, populations and participants in animal research. Laboratory Animals. 2022 Feb;56(1):88-96.
  13. Hay AN, Farrell K, Leeth CM, Lee K. Use of genome editing techniques to produce transgenic farm animals. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition and Metabolism. 2022:279-97.
  14. Pramod RK, Mitra A. Genome editing: A potential tool for enhancing livestock production. InNanobiotechnology for the Livestock Industry 2023 Jan 1 (pp. 277-300). Elsevier.
  15. Tu CF, Chuang CK, Yang TS. The application of new breeding technology based on gene editing in pig industry—A review. Animal bioscience. 2022 Jun;35(6):791.
  16. Gordon DR, Jaffe G, Doane M, Glaser A, Gremillion TM, Ho MD. Responsible governance of gene editing in agriculture and the environment. Nature Biotechnology. 2021 Sep;39(9):1055-7.
  17. Sid H, Schusser B. Applications of gene editing in chickens: a new era is on the horizon. Frontiers in genetics. 2018 Oct 9;9:401481.
Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume
Received April 26, 2024
Accepted May 3, 2024
Published May 15, 2024
Views: 26