Isha Chopra,
Rachana R,
- Research Schoar Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Sector-62 Uttar Pradesh India
- Professor Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Sector-62 Uttar Pradesh India
Abstract
The increasing number of cases, especially in the younger age group, along with the lack of accessible clinical solutions, make Type-1 Diabetes (T1D) a growing global health concern. While gene therapy and transplantation approaches are promising avenues, their excessively high costs and logistical difficulties make them inaccessible to the majority and can impose a financial burden on those suffering from it, adding to the challenges already faced by these advanced techniques. Therefore, it becomes a necessity to develop novel pharmacotherapy that can be easily integrated into routine clinical practice and effectively curb β-cell damage while also being financially feasible. In the present study, the authors discuss various such economic and feasible options for treating Type 1 Diabetes, such as α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) therapy and C-peptide preservation therapy. AAT therapy involves the injection of the AAT agent along with insulin, which stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), typically stimulated by insulin in a non-diabetic individual. This therapy aims to enhance insulin sensitivity while reducing the autoimmune response targeting the β-cells. On the other hand, C-peptide preservation therapy uses drugs like anti-thymoglobulin (ATG) and teplizumab which are designed to prevent the depleting levels of C-peptide in T1D patients as it is related to the drop in insulin levels. This therapy, thus, mitigates the adverse effects associated with T1D such as nerve damage and problems with blood vessels in the heart, eyes and kidneys. In the present manuscript, the authors aim to explore the efficiency of these newly emerged therapies in fighting against T1D.
Keywords: Type-1 Diabetes, α-1 Antitrypsin, C-peptide, Teplizumab, Novel Treatments
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Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences
| Volume | |
| Received | July 16, 2024 |
| Accepted | August 25, 2024 |
| Published | September 3, 2024 |