[{“box”:0,”content”:”[if 992 equals=”Open Access”]
Open Access
n
[/if 992]n
n
n
n
n
- n t
n
Jini Raj R.*, Praveen N., Srikanth H.V., Mohammed Nijal, Anil Umesh Bhat
[/foreach]
n
n
n[if 2099 not_equal=”Yes”]n
- [foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t
- Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Final Year Student, Final Year Student, Aeronautical Department, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology Bangalore, Aeronautical Department, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology Bangalore, Aeronautical Department, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology Bangalore, Aeronautical Department, Gopalan College of Engineering & Management Bangalore, Aeronautical Department, Gopalan College of Engineering & Management Bangalore, Karnataka, Karnataka, Karnataka, Karnataka, Karnataka, India, India, India, India, India
n[/if 1175][/foreach]
[/if 2099][if 2099 equals=”Yes”][/if 2099]nn
Abstract
nThe bio-inspired morphing wing is a futuristic concept in the aviation field that draws inspiration from birds and insects. Drawing inspiration from the exceptional flight capabilities of birds and insects, the goal is to develop a wing design that can adapt its aspect ratio, similar to nature. By incorporating the adaptive aspect ratio capabilities into the wing configuration, it becomes possible to optimize the wing’s aerodynamic performance to adapt wide assortment of flight settings, including high-speed cruise and increased maneuverability. The wing aspect ratio is changed dynamically from a fully extended condition to a retracted condition through servo actuation. The aerodynamic characteristics of the retracted and fully extended conditions are analysed by Xfoil Low Reynolds number (XFLR5) simulations providing insights for performance optimization. The results show that by changing the aspect ratio to a fully extended condition, the lift-to-drag (L/D) ratio and lift coefficient (Cl) are increased and the drag coefficient (Cd) is reduced because of the reduction in induced drag. Similarly, at the retracted condition, the L/D ratio and Cl are reduced and the drag is increased. This capability can be adopted during high-speed turns and during instant landing, this wing is more efficient and can be adopted for all flight conditions thereby opening doors to new possibilities in the field of aerial vehicles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV).
n
Keywords: Bio-inspired morphing, XFLR5, Aspect ratio, Aerial vehicles, UAV
n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Journal of Polymer and Composites(jopc)]
n
n
n
n
n
n
n[if 992 equals=”Open Access”] Full Text PDF Download[/if 992] nn
n[if 379 not_equal=””]nBrowse Figures
n
n[/if 379]n
References
n[if 1104 equals=””]n
- Barbarino S, Bilgen O. Ajaj R M, et al. A Review of Morphing Aircraft. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 2011; 22; 823–877.
- Klaassen van Oorschot B. Mistick E A. Tobalske B W. Aerodynamic consequences of wing morphing during emulated take-off and gliding in birds. J. Exp. Biol. 2016; 219; 3146–3154.
- Jini Raj R, Bruce Ralphin Rose J. Flow physics and boundary layer optimization over a NACA airfoil by camber morphing at subsonic speeds. J. of Modern Phy. C, 2023; 34; 06; 2350080, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183123500808.
- Pendleton E W, Bessette D, Field P B, et al. Active Aeroelastic Wing Flight Research Program: Technical Program and Model Analytical Development. Aircr. 2000; 37; 554–561.
- Gern F H, Inman, D J, Kapania R K. Computation of Actuation Power Requirements for Smart Wings with Morphing Airfoils. AIAA J. 2005; 43; 2481–2486.
- Jini Raj R, Bruce Ralphin Rose J, & Vasudevan A. Analysis of Bio-inspired Fishbone Based Corrugated Rib for Adaptive Camber Morphing. J Bionic Eng 2023; 20; 1083–1102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-022-00326-6.
- Ajanic E, Feroskhan M, Mintchev S, et al. Bioinspired wing and tail morphing extends drone flight capabilities. Science Robotics, 2020; 5;47; eabc2897. doi:10.1126/scirobotics.abc2897.
- Cheney J A, Stevenson J P J, Durston N E, et al. Raptor wing morphing with flight speed. R. Soc. Interface 2021; 18: 20210349.https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0349.
- Zhe H, Yang Z, Gang C. Aerodynamic performance investigation on a morphing unmanned aerial vehicle with bio-inspired discrete wing structures, Aerospace Science and Technology, 2019; Volume 95; 105419, ISSN 1270-9638, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.10541
- Song B, Lang X, Xue Dong et al. A review of the research status and progress on the aerodynamic mechanism of bird wings. SCIENTIA SINICA Technologica. 2021; 52. 10.1360/SST-2020-0515.
- Christina Harvey and Daniel J I. Gull dynamic pitch stability is controlled by wing morphing, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022; 119; 37, e2204847119, 10.1073/pnas.2204847119.
- Yun, Z, Feng, Y, Tang, X, et al. Analysis of Motion Characteristics of Bionic Morphing Wing Based on Sarrus Linkages. Sci. 2022; 12; 6023. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app12126023
- Matloff L Y, Chang E, Feo T J, et al. How flight feathers stick together to form a continuous morphing wing. Science. 2020; 367(6475):293-297. doi: 10.1126/science.aaz3358. PMID: 31949079.
- Bae J S, Seigler T M, Inman D J. Aerodynamic and Static Aeroelastic Characteristics of a Variable-Span Morphing Wing. Aircr. 2005; 42; 528–534.
- Samuel J B, and Pines D. Design and Testing of a Pneumatic Telescopic Wing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Aircr. 2007; 44; 1088–1099.
- Chakravarthy A, Grant D T, Lind R. Time-Varying Dynamics of a Micro Air Vehicle with Variable-Sweep Morphing. Guid. Control. Dyn. 2012; 35; 890–903.
- Joo J J, Reich G W, and Westfall J T. Flexible Skin Development for Morphing Aircraft Applications via Topology Optimization. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 2009; 20; 1969–1985.
- Lindner D K. Bharti S. Frecker M. et al. Tendon actuated cellular mechanisms for morphing aircraft wing. In Proceedings of the Modeling, Signal Processing, and Control for Smart Structures, San Diego, 2007 March 19–21; CA, USA,.
- Wang C, Ning Y. Chen L, et al. Design and Mechanical Analysis of Bionic Foldable Beetle Wings. Bionics Biomech. 2018; 1308465.
- Zhang Z, Sun X, Du P, et al. Design of a hydraulically-driven bionic folding wing. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2018; 82; 120–125.
- Ryu S W. Lee J G, Kim H J. Design, Fabrication, and Analysis of Flapping and Folding Wing Mechanism for a Robotic Bird. Bionic Eng. 2020; 17; 229–240.
- Di Luca M, Mintchev S, Heitz G et al. Bioinspired morphing wings for extended flight envelope and roll control of small drones. Interface Focus. 2017; 7: 20160092.
- Lukas K, Farzeen S, Jing-Shan Z et al. Bioinspired morphing wings: mechanical design and wind tunnel experiments. Biomim. 2022; 17 046019.
- Selig M, & Guglielmo J. High-Lift Low Reynolds Number Airfoil Design. Aircraft. 1997; 34. 72-79. 10.2514/2.2137.
- Dial K P, Activity patterns of the wing muscles of the pigeon (Columba livia) during different modes of flight. J. Exp. Zool. 1992; 262; 357–373. (doi:10.1002/jez. 1402620402)
nn[/if 1104][if 1104 not_equal=””]n
- [foreach 1102]n t
- [if 1106 equals=””], [/if 1106][if 1106 not_equal=””],[/if 1106]
n[/foreach]
n[/if 1104]
nn
nn[if 1114 equals=”Yes”]n
n[/if 1114]
n
n
n
| Volume | 11 | |
| [if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] | 13 | |
| Received | November 4, 2023 | |
| Accepted | January 2, 2024 | |
| Published | February 19, 2024 |
n
n
n
n
n
nn function myFunction2() {n var x = document.getElementById(“browsefigure”);n if (x.style.display === “block”) {n x.style.display = “none”;n }n else { x.style.display = “Block”; }n }n document.querySelector(“.prevBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {n changeSlides(-1);n });n document.querySelector(“.nextBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {n changeSlides(1);n });n var slideIndex = 1;n showSlides(slideIndex);n function changeSlides(n) {n showSlides((slideIndex += n));n }n function currentSlide(n) {n showSlides((slideIndex = n));n }n function showSlides(n) {n var i;n var slides = document.getElementsByClassName(“Slide”);n var dots = document.getElementsByClassName(“Navdot”);n if (n > slides.length) { slideIndex = 1; }n if (n (item.style.display = “none”));n Array.from(dots).forEach(n item => (item.className = item.className.replace(” selected”, “”))n );n slides[slideIndex – 1].style.display = “block”;n dots[slideIndex – 1].className += ” selected”;n }n”}]