Open Access
Thaer Abed Hallow,
- Lecturer, Collage of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Abstract
Strengthening polyester resin and increasing its hardening was studied by adding peach seed powder. We also studied how to change the thermal properties after strengthening the resin by adding different weight percentages of peach seed powder (5%, 10%, 15%). The thermal properties of polyesters were studied before and after cementing, which included thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and treatment at different temperatures (21, 51, 81, 121, 151ºC.) The effect of acidic functions (pH 5, 7, and 8) was also studied. The following results were obtained: When comparing the weight ratio values at 310°C (Wt%)310 with the TGA values, it was found that these values are in agreement with the variable temperature TGA. This behavior can be attributed to the unsaturated polyester containing the peach
seed powder, which makes it slightly affected by heat. This observation indicates that the TGA values can be considered a good measure of thermal stability. It was also found that the initial decomposition temperature (IDT) values were less than 350° C in all these treatments, while the complete decomposition temperature (CDT) values ranged between 416°C and 550°C and did not reach 600°C. The average values of (Wt%)310 did not exceed 55%. The highest weight ratio values were found at (Wt%)310 and IDT and CDT were found in neutral medium. It is also found that the IDT and CDT values of the composite polymeric compounds containing peach seeds powder at 10% were high.
Keywords: Thermogravimetric analysis, peach seed powder, polymeric composites, unsaturated ester
This article belongs to Special Issue Conference Material Science and Nanotechnology
Thaer Abed Hallow. The Study of Gravimetric Thermal Analysis and Some Physical Properties of a Binary Polymeric Mixture of Unsaturated Ester and Peach Seed Powder. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2023; 11(02):33-46.
Thaer Abed Hallow. The Study of Gravimetric Thermal Analysis and Some Physical Properties of a Binary Polymeric Mixture of Unsaturated Ester and Peach Seed Powder. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2023; 11(02):33-46. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2023/view=111684
Browse Figures
References
1. Nelson DL. Unsaturated polyester resins. In: Gum W, Riese W, Ulrich H, editors. Reaction Polymers. Munich, Germany: Carl Hanser Verlag; 1992. pp. 152–202. 2. Al-Khafaf ZH. Ultrasonic and Mechanical Characterizations of Polymer Based Functionally Graded Composites. MSc Thesis. Mosul, Iraq: Collage of Engineering, University of Mosul; 2017. 3. Al-Mosawi AI. Study of some mechanical properties for polymeric composite material reinforced by fibers. Al-Qadessiyah J Eng Sci. 2009; 2 (1): 14–24. 4. Mohammed RA. Effect of Al2O3 powder on some mechanical and physical properties of unsaturated polyester resin hybrid composites materials reinforced by carbon and glass fibers. J Eng Technol A. 2016; 34 (12): 2371–2379. 5. Arumugam S, Kandasamy J, Md Shah AU, Sultan MTH, Safri SNA, Majid MA, Basri AA, Mustapha F. Investigations on the mechanical properties of glass fiber/sisal fiber/chitosan reinforced hybrid polymer sandwich composite scaffolds for bone fracture fixation applications. Polymers (Basel). 2020; 12 (7): 1501–1509. 6. Harper CA. Modern Plastics Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2000. 7. Chalap ED, Al-Awsi GRL. A general overview of the genetic effects of extracellular polymers for Enterococcus faecium in cancer cells. Int J Res Pharm Sci. 2019; 10 (1): 436–479. 8. Martin J. Materials for Engineering. 3rd edition. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing; 2009. 9. Hammed MA, Mandeel TA. Preparation and characterization of nano natural silica composite with polyester resin and polystyrene and study of mechanical properties. J Al-Anbar Univ Pure Sci. 2014; 8 (3), 87–90. 10. Paul SC, Miah MY, Gafur A, Das RC. Study of thermal properties of granite powder (scrap) reinforced polyester resin composite. J Adv Chem Eng. 2017; 7 (1): 100159. 11. Sulyman EZ, Salih HA, Hallow TA. Preparation of a polymeric aggregate of unsaturated polyester with sawdust and studying its physical and mechanical properties. Int J Res Pharm Sci. 2019; 10 (3): 2280–2289. 12. Mandell JF, Greed RF, Pan Q, Combs DW, Shrinivas M. Fatigue of fiberglass generic materials and substructures. In: Proceedings of the Energy Sources Technology Conference, New Orleans, LA, 1994, January 23–26. pp. 207–213. 13. Gamstedt EK, Berglund LA, Peijs T. Fatigue mechanisms in unidirectional glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene. J Composites Sci Technol. 1999; 59: 759–768. 14. Khan, M.Z. Shah and Simpson, G. Mechanical properties of a glass reinforced plastic naval composite material under increasing compressive strain rates. Mater Lett. 2000; (45 (3–4): 169–172. 15. Compston P, Jar PYB, Burchill PJ, Takahashi K. The effect of matrix toughness and loading rate on the mode-II interlaminar fracture toughness of glass-fibre/vinyl-ester composites. J Composites Sci Technol. 2001; 61: 321–333. 16. Kereem HA. Study the Influence of Adding Nickel Powder to a Thermosetting Epoxy Resin on the Mechanical Properties. MSc Thesis. Baghdad, Iraq: University of Technology, Baghdad; 2002. pp. 75–98. 17. Portela TGR, da Costa LL, Santos NSS, Lopes FPD, Monteiro SN. Tensile behavior of lignocellulosic fiber reinforced polymer composites. Part II: buriti petiole/polyester. J Rev Mater. 2010; 15 (2): 219–221. 18. Ferreira JM, Pires JTB, Costa JD, Zhang ZY, Errajhi OA, Richardson M. Fatigue damage analysis of aluminized glass fiber composites. J Mater Sci Eng A. 2005; 407: 1–6. 19. Dhakal HN, Zhang ZY, Richardson MOW, Errajhi OAZ. The low velocity impact response of non-woven hemp fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. J Composite Struct. 2006; 3 (6): 1–8. 20. Faten NA Studying the effect of particle size and forming temperature on the mechanical properties of polymer-based composite materials. Eng Technol J. 2007; 25 (5). 21. Saleh NJ, Shnean ZY. Improvement of locally produced low-density polyethylene. Eng Technol J. 2008; 26 (9): 1061–1067. 22. Nallis KRY. Comparative Study on the Properties of Rice Straw/Polypropylene and Micaceous Clay/Polypropylene Composites. MSc. Thesis. Penang, Malaysia: Sains Malaysia University of Materials Science; 2009. pp. 11–13. 23. Satish KG, Siddeswarappa B, Kaleemulla M. Characterization of in-plane mechanical properties of laminate hybrid composites. J Miner Mater Character Eng. 2010; 9 (2): 110. 24. Aruniit A, Kers J, Tall K. Influence of filler proportion on mechanical and physical properties of particulate composite. Agronomy Res BiosystEng Special Issue. 2011; 1: 23–29. 25. Aruniit A, Kers J, Krumme A, Poltimae T, Tall K. Preliminary study of the influence of post curing parameters to the particle reinforced composites mechanical and physical properties. Mater Sci. 2012; 18 (3): 256–261. 26. Ahmed MN, Vijaya Kumar P, Shivanand HK, Muzammil SB. A study on effect of variation of thickness on tensile properties of hybrid polymer composites (glass fibre–carbon fibre–graphite) and GFRP composites. Int J Eng Res Appl. 2013; 3 (4): 2015–2024. 27. Al-Rawi KRm Salman RA. A study of some mechanical properties of an epoxy-composite MgO. Al-Nahrain Univ J. 2014; 17 (1): 10–14. 28. Haitham RA, Hasan AM, Hussein AK. Mechanical properties of epoxy based hybrid composites reinforced by glass fibers and SiC particles. Iraqi J Mech Mater Eng 2015; 15 (1): 66–79. 29. Jassem WH. Preparation of compounds of epoxy and eggshell powder for use in surface coating. Ibn al-Haytham J Pure Appl Sci. 2016; 29 (1): . 30. Ahmed AR, Arhim SS, Majeed A, Faeq M. A practical study of some mechanical and physical properties of a two-polymer mixture of (epoxy polyurethane resin). Tikrit J Eng Sci. 2017; 24 (2): 93–96. 31. Kalel L. Evaluation microstructure and the mechanical properties of composite material for Al-matrix reinforced by ceramic materials (SiC and Al2O3). J Eng. 2018; 24 (8): 19–28. 32. Ergun YA. Mechanical properties of epoxy composite materials produced with different ceramic powders. J Mater Sci Chem Eng. 2019; 7: 1–8. 33. Hazim FH, Ismal MN, Ismail SN. Effect of metal powder nickel, iron and aluminium on mechanical and electrical properties of epoxy composites. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2021; 1090: 12086. 34. Albozahid M, Diwan AA, Habeeb SA. The effect of addition of graphite filler on mechanical properties of epoxy material. Egypt J Chem. 2021; 64 (10): 5747–5754. 35. Sulyman EZ, Abed AG, Younis AQ. Gravimetric and differential thermal analysis and activation energy studies of unsaturated polyester using date seeds powder and walnut shells. Int J Res Pharm Sci. 2019; 10 (4): 3811–3821. 36. Schwatz MM. Composite Materials Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1984. 37. Sulyman EZ, Sulyman NZ. Preparation of polymeric composites from polypropylene and palm fronds and the study of some of their physical properties. Baghdad Sci J. 2020; 17 (3): 772–779. 38. Ibrahiem RE, Sulyman EZ. Preparation polymeric composites from epoxy with randomly woven fiber glass and studies the mechanical properties. Rafidain J Sci. 2019; 28 (3): 105–115. 39. Sulyman EZ, Mohamed AA. Thermal gravimetric analysis physical networks of epoxy resin with N-2-methyl phenyl maleamic acid. In: Proceedings of the Second Scientific Conference, College of Science, University of Mosul, 2011, November. 40. Xianming S, Nguyen TA, Zhiyong S, Yojun L, Avcic R. Effect of nanoparticles on the anticorrosion and mechanical properties of epoxy coating. Surf Coating Technol. 2009; 204: 237–245. 41. Sulyman NZ, Sulyman EZ, Hallow A. Study the thermal properties and effect of acidic solutions to unsaturated polyester composite with iron filing. Syst Rev Pharm. 2021; 12 (1): 1199–1205. 42. Aigbodion VS, Hassan SB, Atuanya CU. Kinetics of isothermal degradation studies by thermogravimetric data: effect of orange peels ash on thermal properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE). J Mater Environ Sci. 2012; 3 (6): 1027–1063. 43. Ibrahiem RE. Study of Some Mechanical and Physical Properties for Epoxy Composite Reinforced with Glass Fiber and Carbon Fiber. MSc Thesis. Mosul, Iraq: Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Girls, University of Mosul; 2019. 44. Al-Nueimi MA, Al-Obeidi EE. The effect of (E-glass) fibers and powder addition on the alternating fatigue behavior of unsaturated polyester resin. J Al-Rafidian Sci. 2013; 24 (6): 96–102. 45. Kırgız MS, Kırgız MS, de Sousa Galdino AG, Kinuthia J, Khitab A, Ul Hassan MI, Khatib J, El Naggar H, Thomas C, Mirza J, Kenai S, Nguyen YA, Nehdi M, Syarif M, Asteyat A, Gobinath R, Soliman A, Tagbor TA, Kumbhalkar MA, Bheel N, Tiwary CS. Synthesis, physico-mechanical properties, material processing, and math models of novel superior materials doped flake of carbon and colloid flake of carbon. J Mater Res Technol. 2021; 15 (November–December): 4993–5009. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.10.089.
Journal of Polymer and Composites
Volume | 11 |
Special Issue | 02 |
Received | 08/12/2022 |
Accepted | 01/01/2023 |
Published | 28/06/2023 |