Open Access
Julie Jadhav
- Principal Department of Nursing, Vijaya College of Nursing, Belagavi Karnataka India
Abstract
Introduction: Emerging evidence from China, Europe, and the USA has shown a consistently higher risk of severe COVID-19 in older individuals and those with underlying health conditions. Severe disease is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “a patient with severe acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease, for example, cough, shortness of breath); and requiring hospitalization”. In a recent report from the USA, underlying conditions were reported in 71% (732/1037) of individuals admitted to hospital with COVID-19 and in 94% (173/184) of deaths. The WHO, along with public health agencies in countries such as the UK and USA, have issued guidelines on who is considered to be at increased risk of severe COVID-19. About 34,396,222 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 1,024,675 deaths were reported by the WHO with prevalence rate of 6,547,413 and death rate of 101,812 at globally. This includes individuals with cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease and a range of other chronic conditions. Such conditions increase the risk of requiring hospital-based treatment such as oxygen supplementation. A large proportion of the additional healthcare burden of COVID-19 epidemics is likely to result from infection of those with underlying conditions. Conclusion: The present article suggests the necessary measures for children about prevention of COVID-19 and it teaches the children about how to take care during pandemic. Great effort is needed for the prevention of COVID-19 among children.
Keywords: Children, COVID-19, prevention, severe acute respiratory illness, patients
[This article belongs to International Journal of Pediatric Nursing(ijpn)]
Browse Figures
References
1. World Health Organization. Global surveillance for COVID-19 caused by human infection with COVID-19 virus. WHO [Online]; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/global-surveillance-for-covid-19-caused-by-human-infection-with-covid-19-virus-interim-guidance
2. World Health Organization. International guidelines for certification and classification (coding) of COVID-19 as a cause of death. WHO [Online]; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/Guidelines_Cause_of_Death_COVID-19.pdf?ua=1
3. Ogino MT, Ben-Joseph EP. Corona virus (COVID-19): How to Protect Babies and Toddlers, Kids Health. Kids Health [Online]; 2020. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coronavirus-young-kids.html
4. UNICEF. UNICEF and WHO issue guidance to protect children and support safe school operations. UNICEF [Online]; 2020. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/covid-19-ifrc-unicef-and-who-issue-guidance-protect-children-and-support-safe-school
5. Ji LN, Chao S, Wang YJ, Li XJ, Mu XD, Lin MG, Jiang RM. Clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19: a report of two family cluster cases. World J Pediatr. 2020; 16(3): 267–270p.
6. World Health Organization. Protection of children during COVID 19. WHO [Online]; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/pmnch/covid-19/toolkits/child/child-protection/en/
7. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, Ren R, Leung KSM, Lau EHY, Wong JY, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. New Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 1199–1207p.
8. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020; 323(11): 1061–1069p.
9. Ludvigsson JF. Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. Acta Paediatr. 2020; 109(6):1088–1095p.
10. Liang Su , Xiang Ma , Huafeng Y. The different clinical characteristics of corona virus disease cases between children and their families in China – the character of children with COVID-19. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020; 9(1): 707–713p.
International Journal of Pediatric Nursing
| Volume | 07 |
| Issue | 01 |
| Received | October 10, 2019 |
| Accepted | February 19, 2021 |
| Published | February 19, 2023 |