Psoriasis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Effect on Quality of Life and Future Therapeutic Prospects: A Detailed Review

Year : 2023 | Volume :01 | Issue : 02 | Page : 31-49
By

    Vanshika Lohia

  1. Student, Department of Zoology, Christ (Deemed to be) University, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Objective: This review’s objective is to provide an outline of how psoriasis is caused, what are its symptoms, what are the conventional methods being employed for treatment, and how future prospects can take over the conventional methods. We also aim to put light on how psoriasis is having a huge impact on people’s life quality in various fields of life and how this effect can be measured using instruments or questionnaires. Result: It was found that psoriasis can occur in any age group and has an equal effect on males and females. Environmental factors as well as hereditary ones are involved in causing psoriasis. Conventional methods are being used for the treatment and reduction of symptoms but none of the methods have been completely able to cure the disease, hence, there is a hope that nanotechnology can prove efficient. Patients with psoriasis experience substantial limitations in their quality of life affecting their work, social interaction, sexual activity, and confidence. Conclusion: Psoriasis is a non-curable disease but the recent developments in the field of nanotechnology have shown positive results and are expected to work together with topical therapies to cure the disease. Various nanostructures are in use and have proved efficient. But, apart from curing the symptoms, care has to be taken as to how the patients can have a normal life as other individuals and do not have to face social embarrassment as it strongly disturbs their confidence and happiness.

Keywords: Psoriasis, comorbidities, quality of life, disease burden, psoriasis and depression, QoL Instruments, Nanomedicine

[This article belongs to International Journal of Cell Biology and Cellular Functions(ijcbcf)]

How to cite this article: Vanshika Lohia.Psoriasis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Effect on Quality of Life and Future Therapeutic Prospects: A Detailed Review.International Journal of Cell Biology and Cellular Functions.2023; 01(02):31-49.
How to cite this URL: Vanshika Lohia , Psoriasis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Effect on Quality of Life and Future Therapeutic Prospects: A Detailed Review ijcbcf 2023 {cited 2023 Sep 22};01:31-49. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijcbcf/article=2023/view=118643


Browse Figures

References

  1. Meier, M., & Sheth, P. B. (2009). Clinical spectrum and severity of psoriasis. Management of psoriasis, 38, 1–20.
  2. Boehncke, W. H., & Schön, M. P. (2015). CAS: 528: DC% 2BC2MXpt1Sht7s% 3D. vol. 386, issue 9997. Psoriasis Lancet, 983–994.
  3. Langley, R. G. B., Krueger, G. G., & Griffiths, C. (2005). Psoriasis: epidemiology, clinical features, and quality of life. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 64(suppl 2), ii18–ii23.
  4. Weigle, N., & McBane, S. (2013). Psoriasis. American family physician, 87(9), 626.
  5. Abuabara, K., Azfar, R. S., Shin, D. B., Neimann, A. L., Troxel, A. B., & Gelfand, J. M. (2010). Cause‐specific mortality in patients with severe psoriasis: a population‐based cohort study in the UK. British Journal of Dermatology, 163(3), 586–592.
  6. Dika, E., Bardazzi, F., Balestri, R., & Maibach, H. I. (2007). Environmental factors and psoriasis1. Environmental Factors in Skin Diseases, 35, 118–135.
  7. Gudjonsson, J. E., & Elder, J. T. (2007). Psoriasis: epidemiology. Clinics in dermatology, 25(6), 535–546.
  8. Lowes, M. A., Bowcock, A. M., & Krueger, J. G. (2007). Pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis. Nature, 445(7130), 866–873.
  9. Henseler, T., & Christophers, E. (1995). Disease concomitance in psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 32(6), 982–986.
  10. Henseler, T., & Christophers, E. (1985). Psoriasis of early and late onset: characterization of two types of psoriasis vulgaris. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 13(3), 450–456.
  11. Seville, R. H. (1977). Psoriasis and stress. British Journal of Dermatology, 97(3), 297–302.
  12. Boehncke, W. H., Boehncke, S., Tobin, A. M., & Kirby, B. (2011). The ‘psoriatic march’: a concept of how severe psoriasis may drive cardiovascular comorbidity. Experimental dermatology, 20(4), 303–307.
  13. Gelfand, J. M., Stern, R. S., Nijsten, T., Feldman, S. R., Thomas, J., Kist, J., … & Margolis, D. J. (2005). The prevalence of psoriasis in African Americans: results from a population-based study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(1), 23–26.
  14. Swanbeck, G., Inerot, A., Martinsson, T., & Wahlström, J. (1994). A population genetic study of psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology, 131(1), 32–39.
  15. Balato, N., Di Costanzo, L., Patruno, C., Patrì, A., & Ayala, F. (2013). Effect of weather and environmental factors on the clinical course of psoriasis. Occupational and environmental medicine, 70(8), 600–600.
  16. Pavlovsky, L., & Friedman, A. (2007). Pathogenesis of stress-associated skin disorders: exploring the brain-skin axis. Environmental Factors in Skin Diseases, 35, 136–145.
  17. Elder, J. T. (2009). Genome-wide association scan yields new insights into the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Genes & Immunity, 10(3), 201–209.
  18. Locksley, R. M., Killeen, N., & Lenardo, M. J. (2001). The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Cell, 104(4), 487–501.
  19. Young, H. S., Bhushan, M., Griffiths, C. E., Summers, A. M., & Brenchley, P. E. (2004). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor in psoriasis of early onset. Journal of investigative dermatology, 122(1), 209–215.
  20. Bettelli, E., Oukka, M., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2007). TH-17 cells in the circle of immunity and autoimmunity. Nature immunology, 8(4), 345–350.
  21. Costa, C., Incio, J., & Soares, R. (2007). Angiogenesis and chronic inflammation: cause or consequence? Angiogenesis, 10, 149–166.
  22. Capon, F., Trembath, R. C., & Barker, J. N. (2004). An update on the genetics of psoriasis. Dermatologic clinics, 22(4), 339–347.
  23. Mason, A. R., Mason, J. M., Cork, M. J., Hancock, H., & Dooley, G. (2013). Topical treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis of the scalp: a systematic review. British Journal of Dermatology, 169(3), 519–527.
  24. Reich, K. (2009). Approach to managing patients with nail psoriasis. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 23, 15–21.
  25. Kim, G. K. (2010). The rationale behind topical vitamin d analogs in the treatment of psoriasis: where does topical calcitriol fit in? The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 3(8), 46.
  26. Augustin, M., & Radtke, M. A. (2014). Quality of life in psoriasis patients. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research, 14(4), 559–568.
  27. Russo, P. A., Ilchef, R., & Cooper, A. J. (2004). Psychiatric morbidity in psoriasis: a review. Australasian journal of dermatology, 45(3), 155–161.
  28. Gaikwad, R., Deshpande, S., Raje, S., Dhamdhere, D. V., & Ghate, M. R. (2006). Evaluation of functional impairment in psoriasis. Indian journal of dermatology venereology and leprology, 72(1), 37.
  29. Hardy, G. E., & Cotterill, J. A. (1982). A study of depression and obsessionality in dysmorphophobic and psoriatic patients. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 140(1), 19–22.
  30. Schmid-Ott, G., Burchard, R., Niederauer, H. H., Lamprecht, F., & Künsebeck, H. W. (2003). Stigmatization and quality of life of patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 54(9), 852–857.
  31. Ramsay, B., & O’REAGAN, M. Y. R. A. (1988). A survey of the social and psychological effects of psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology, 118(2), 195–201.
  32. Frangos, J. E., & Kimball, A. B. (2008, April). Divorce/marriage ratio in patients with psoriasis compared to patients with other chronic medical conditions. In Journal of Investigative Dermatology (Vol. 128, pp. S87–S87). 75 varick street, 9th floor, new york, ny 10013–1917 usa: nature publishing group.
  33. Koo, J. (1996). Population-based epidemiologic study of psoriasis with emphasis on quality-of-life assessment. Dermatologic clinics, 14(3), 485–496.
  34. Youn, J. I., Park, B. S., Park, S. B., Kim, S. D., & Suh, D. H. (1999). Characterization of early and late-onset psoriasis in the Korean population. The Journal of Dermatology, 26(10), 647–652.
  35. Pereira, M. G., Brito, L., & Smith, T. (2012). Dyadic adjustment, family coping, body image, quality of life and psychological morbidity in patients with psoriasis and their partners. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19, 260–269.
  36. Gaikwad, R., Deshpande, S., Raje, S., Dhamdhere, D. V., & Ghate, M. R. (2006). Evaluation of functional impairment in psoriasis. Indian journal of dermatology venereology and leprology, 72(1), 37.
  37. Gupta, M. A., & Gupta, A. K. (1997). Psoriasis and sex: a study of moderately to severely affected patients. International journal of dermatology, 36(4), 259–262.
  38. Horn, E. J., Fox, K. M., Patel, V., Chiou, C. F., Dann, F., & Lebwohl, M. (2007). Association of patient-reported psoriasis severity with income and employment. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 57(6), 963–971.
  39. Pearce, D. J., Singh, S., Balkrishnan, R., Kulkarni, A., Fleischer Jr, A. B., & Feldman, S. R. (2006). The negative impact of psoriasis on the workplace. Journal of dermatological treatment, 17(1), 24–28.
  40. Chan, B., Hales, B., Shear, N., Ho, V., Lynde, C., Poulin, Y., & Mittmann, N. (2009). Work-related lost productivity and its economic impact on Canadian patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery, 13(4), 192–197.
  41. De Korte, J., Mombers, F. M., Bos, J. D., & Sprangers, M. A. (2004, March). Quality of life in patients with psoriasis: a systematic literature review. In Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings (Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 140–147). Elsevier.
  42. Jowett, S., & Ryan, T. (1985). Skin disease and handicap: an analysis of the impact of skin conditions. Social science & medicine, 20(4), 425–429.
  43. Gupta, M. A., & Gupta, A. K. (1997). Psoriasis and sex: a study of moderately to severely affected patients. International journal of dermatology, 36(4), 259–262.
  44. Gupta, M. A., & Gupta, A. K. (1998). Depression and suicidal ideation in dermatology patients with acne, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology, 139(5), 846–850.
  45. Rolland, J. S. (1984). Toward a psychosocial typology of chronic and life-threatening illness. Family systems medicine, 2(3), 245.
  46. Eghlileb, A. M., Davies, E. E. G., & Finlay, A. Y. (2007). Psoriasis has a major secondary impact on the lives of family members and partners. British Journal of Dermatology, 156(6), 1245–1250.
  47. Wahl, A., Loge, J. H., Wiklund, I., & Hanestad, B. R. (2000). The burden of psoriasis: a study concerning health-related quality of life among Norwegian adult patients with psoriasis compared with general population norms. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 43(5), 803–808.
  48. Perrott, S. B., Murray, A. H., Lowe, J., & Mathieson, C. M. (2000). The psychosocial impact of psoriasis: physical severity, quality of life, and stigmatization. Physiology & behavior, 70(5), 567–571.
  49. Kimball, A. B., Jacobson, C., Weiss, S., Vreeland, M. G., & Wu, Y. (2005). The psychosocial burden of psoriasis. American journal of clinical dermatology, 6, 383–392.
  50. Gupta, M. A., Gupta, A. K., Schork, N. J., & Ellis, C. N. (1994). Depression modulates pruritus perception: a study of pruritus in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Psychosomatic medicine, 56(1), 36–40.
  51. Koo, J. (1996). Population-based epidemiologic study of psoriasis with emphasis on quality-of-life assessment. Dermatologic clinics, 14(3), 485–496.
  52. Wahl, A. K., Gjengedal, E., & Hanestad, B. R. (2002). The bodily suffering of living with severe psoriasis: in-depth interviews with 22 hospitalized patients with psoriasis. Qualitative health research, 12(2), 250–261.
  53. Schmid-Ott, G., Jaeger, B., Kuensebeck, H. W., Ott, R., & Lamprecht, F. (1996). Dimensions of stigmatization in patients with psoriasis in a ‘questionnaire on experience with skin complaints’. Dermatology, 193(4), 304–310.
  54. Ginsburg, I. H., & LINK, B. G. (1993). Psychosocial consequences of rejection and stigma feelings in psoriasis patients. International Journal of Dermatology, 32(8), 587–591.
  55. Heller, M. M., Wong, J. W., Nguyen, T. V., Lee, E. S., Bhutani, T., Menter, A., & Koo, J. Y. (2012). Quality-of-life instruments: evaluation of the impact of psoriasis on patients. Dermatologic clinics, 30(2), 281–291.
  56. Walker, C., & Papadopoulos, L. (Eds.). (2005). Psychodermatology: The psychological impact of skin disorders. Cambridge University Press.
  57. Lin, P. S., & Koo, J. Y. M. (2003). Health-related quality of life instruments for psoriasis. Psychocutaneous medicine. Ed. Ed. Koo J, Lee CS.
  58. Harth, W., Gieler, U., Kusnir, D., & Tausk, F. A. (2008). Clinical management in psychodermatology. Springer Science & Business Media.
  59. Jenkinson, C., Coulter, A., & Wright, L. (1993). Short form 36 (SF36) health survey questionnaire: normative data for adults of working age. British Medical Journal, 306(6890), 1437–1440.
  60. Garratt, A. M., Ruta, D. A., Abdalla, M. I., Buckingham, J. K., & Russell, I. T. (1993). The SF36 health survey questionnaire: an outcome measure suitable for routine use within the NHS? British Medical Journal, 306(6890), 1440–1444.
  61. Carr, A. (2003). Adult Measures of Quality of Life: The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS/AIMS2). Disease Repercussion Profile (DRP), EuroQoL, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Patient Generated Index (PGI), Quality of Well Being Scale (QWB), RAQoL, Short Form, 36.
  62. Carotenuto, A., Fasanaro, A. M., Molino, I., Sibilio, F., Saturnino, A., Traini, E., & Amenta, F. (2013). The Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) for assessing stress of seafarers on board merchant ships. International maritime health, 64(4), 215–220.
  63. Finlay, A. Y., & Kelly, S. E. (1987). Psoriasis‐an index of disability. Clinical and experimental dermatology, 12(1), 8–11.
  64. Gupta, M. A., & Gupta, A. K. (1995). The Psoriasis Life Stress Inventory: a preliminary index of psoriasis-related stress. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 75(3), 240–243.
  65. McKenna, S. P., Cook, S. A., Whalley, D., Doward, L. C., Richards, H. L., Griffiths, C. E. M., & Van Assche, D. (2003). Development of the PSORIQoL, a psoriasis‐specific measure of quality of life designed for use in clinical practice and trials. British Journal of Dermatology, 149(2), 323–331.
  66. Langley, R. G., & Ellis, C. N. (2004). Evaluating psoriasis with psoriasis area and severity index, psoriasis global assessment, and lattice system physician’s global assessment. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 51(4), 563–569.
  67. Ware Jr, J. E. (2000). SF-36 health survey update. Spine, 25(24), 3130–3139.
  68. Jankovic, S., Raznatovic, M., Marinkovic, J., Jankovic, J., Kocev, N., Tomic-Spiric, V., & Vasiljevic, N. (2011). Health-related quality of life in patients with psoriasis. Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery, 15(1), 29–36.
  69. Sampogna, F., Tabolli, S., Söderfeldt, B., Axtelius, B., Aparo, U., Abeni, D., & IDI Multipurpose Psoriasis Research on Vital Experiences (IMPROVE) investigators. (2006). Measuring quality of life of patients with different clinical types of psoriasis using the SF‐36. British Journal of Dermatology, 154(5), 844–849.
  70. Revicki, D. A., Leidy, N. K., & Howland, L. (1996). Evaluating the psychometric characteristics of the Psychological General Well-Being Index with a new response scale. Quality of life research, 5(4), 419–425.
  71. Finlay, A. Y., & Coles, E. (1995). The effect of severe psoriasis on the quality of life of 369 patients. British Journal of Dermatology, 132(2), 236–244.
  72. Zerefos, C., Fountoulakis, I., Eleftheratos, K., & Kazantzidis, A. (2023). The long-term variability of human health related solar ultraviolet-B radiation doses for the 1980s to the end of 21st century. Physiological Reviews.
  73. Wu, A. G., Conway, J., Barazani, L., Roy, B., Cline, A., & Pereira, F. (2020). Is clear always clear? Comparison of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and the Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) in psoriasis clearance. Dermatology and Therapy, 10, 1155–1163.
  74. Mattei, P. L., Corey, K. C., & Kimball, A. B. (2014). Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): the correlation between disease severity and psychological burden in patients treated with biological therapies. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 28(3), 333–337.
  75. Nordin, U. U. M., Ahmad, N., Salim, N., & Yusof, N. S. M. (2021). Lipid-based nanoparticles for psoriasis treatment: a review on conventional treatments, recent works, and future prospects. RSC advances, 11(46), 29080–29101.
  76. Jyothi, S. L., Krishna, K. L., Shirin, V. A., Sankar, R., Pramod, K., & Gangadharappa, H. V. (2021). Drug delivery systems for the treatment of psoriasis: Current status and prospects. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 62, 102364.

Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 01
Issue 02
Received May 8, 2023
Accepted September 9, 2023
Published September 22, 2023