Development of an Innovative Nanotransdermal Formulation Utilizing an Optimal Combination of Acyclovir and Omeprazole to Improve Antiviral Efficacy

Year : 2024 | Volume : 02 | Issue : 01 | Page : 19 35
    By

    E. Sri Divya,

  • Nansri Saha,

  1. Student, Department of Pharmaceutics, SSJ College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
  2. Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, SSJ College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Abstract

The study effectively created nanogel formulations of Acyclovir and Omeprazole using the solvent diffusion technique. Among the various formulations (F1–F9), F9 was identified as the most suitable for gel preparation based on its pH evaluation. Drug content analysis, performed using UV-spectroscopy, confirmed the homogeneity of the prepared nanogels, which appeared opaque, free of lumps, particles, or aggregates. The spreadability assessment of F9 demonstrated excellent spreadability, while viscosity values for all formulations ranged between 3268 and 3528 cps, indicating stability. The in-vitro dissolution tests showed that formulation F9 demonstrated a significantly improved rate of dissolution. Further characterization of F9 showed a particle size of 687.4 nm, a PDI of 0.842, and a zeta potential of -43.7 mV. TEM imaging confirmed the spherical shape and smooth surface of the particles, with sizes around 650 nm. A comparative in-vitro release study between the F9 nanogel and the marketed acyclovir formulation (MF) demonstrated that the nanogel provided sustained drug release and superior antiviral activity. This indicates that transforming Acyclovir and Omeprazole into a nanogel formulation significantly enhances their therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional formulations.

Keywords: Formulation, Nano Transdermal, Acyclovir, Omeprazole, Anti-Viral Activity.

[This article belongs to International Journal of Biomedical Innovations and Engineering ]

How to cite this article:
E. Sri Divya, Nansri Saha. Development of an Innovative Nanotransdermal Formulation Utilizing an Optimal Combination of Acyclovir and Omeprazole to Improve Antiviral Efficacy. International Journal of Biomedical Innovations and Engineering. 2024; 02(01):19-35.
How to cite this URL:
E. Sri Divya, Nansri Saha. Development of an Innovative Nanotransdermal Formulation Utilizing an Optimal Combination of Acyclovir and Omeprazole to Improve Antiviral Efficacy. International Journal of Biomedical Innovations and Engineering. 2024; 02(01):19-35. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijbie/article=2024/view=137073


References

  1. K. S. Paudel, M. Milewski, C. L. Swadley, N. K. Brogden, P. Ghosh, and A. L. Stinchcomb, Challenges and opportunities in dermal/transdermal delivery, Ther. Delivery, 2010, 1, 109–131.
  2. S. Wright, M. Yelland, K. Heathcote, S. K. Ng, and G. Wright, Fear of needles—nature and prevalence in general practice, Aust. Fam. Physician, 2009, 38, 172–176.
  3. C. M. McMurtry, R. Pillai Riddell, A. Taddio, N. Racine, G. J. Asmundson, M. Noel, C. T. Chambers, and V. Shah, HelpinKids; Adults, T., Far From “Just a Poke”: Common Painful Needle Procedures and the Development of Needle Fear, Clin. J. Pain, 2015, 31, S3–S11.
  4. M. N. Pastore, Y. N. Kalia, M. Horstmann, and M. S. Roberts, Transdermal patches: history, development, and pharmacology, Br. J. Pharmacol., 2015, 172, 2179–2209.
  5. T. Waghule, V. K. Rapalli, S. Gorantla, R. N. Saha, S. K. Dubey, A. Puri, and G. Singhvi, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Potential Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Disorders, Curr. Pharm. Des., 2020, 26, 4569–4579.
  6. S. M. Silva, L. Hu, J. J. Sousa, A. A. Pais, and B. B. Michniak-Kohn, A combination of nonionic surfactants and iontophoresis to enhance the transdermal drug delivery of ondansetron HCl and diltiazem HCl, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2012, 80, 663–673.
  7. M. Pradhan, S. Srivastava, D. Singh, S. Saraf, S. Saraf, and M. R. Singh, Perspectives of Lipid-Based Drug Carrier Systems for Transdermal Delivery, Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst., 2018, 35, 331–367.
  8. V. H. S. Araujo, L. Delello Di Filippo, J. L. Duarte, L. Sposito, B. A. F. Camargo, P. B. da Silva, and M. Chorilli, Exploiting solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers for drug delivery against cutaneous fungal infections, Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 2021, 47, 79–90.
  9. M. Sguizzato, E. Esposito, and R. Cortesi, Lipid-Based Nanosystems as a Tool to Overcome Skin Barrier, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, 22, 8319.
  10. M. Gupta, U. Agrawal, and S. P. Vyas, Nanocarrier-based topical drug delivery for the treatment of skin diseases, Expert Opin. Drug Delivery, 2012, 9, 783–804.
  11. T. Qi, B. Chen, Z. Wang, H. Du, D. Liu, Q. Yin, B. Liu, Q. Zhang, and Y. Wang, A pH-Activatable nanoparticle for dual-stage precisely mitochondria-targeted photodynamic anticancer therapy, Biomaterials, 2019, 213, 119219.
  12. Y. Hui, X. Yi, F. Hou, D. Wibowo, F. Zhang, D. Zhao, H. Gao, and C. X. Zhao, Role of Nanoparticle Mechanical Properties in Cancer Drug Delivery, ACS Nano, 2019, 13, 7410–7424.
  13. G. Birrenbach and P. P. Speiser, Polymerized micelles and their use as adjuvants in immunology, J. Pharm. Sci., 1976, 65, 1763–1766.
  14. L. Yang, C. S. Kwan, L. L. Zhang, X. H. Li, Y. Han, K. C. F. Leung, Y. G. Yang, and Z. F. Huang, Chiral Nanoparticle-Induced Enantioselective Amplification of Molecular Optical Activity, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2019, 29, 1807307.
  15. A. Shchelokov, N. Palko, V. Potemkin, M. Grishina, R. Morozov, E. Korina, D. Uchaev, I. Krivtsov, and O. Bol’shakov, Adsorption of Native Amino Acids on Nanocrystalline TiO2: Physical Chemistry, QSPR, and Theoretical Modeling, Langmuir, 2019, 35, 538–550.
  16. F. Rancan, H. Volkmann, M. Giulbudagian, F. Schumacher, J. I. Stanko, B. Kleuser, U. Blume-Peytavi, M. Calderon, and A. Vogt, Dermal Delivery of the High-Molecular-Weight Drug Tacrolimus by Means of Polyglycerol-Based Nanogels, Pharmaceutics, 2019, 11, 394.
  17. F. Rancan, M. Asadian-Birjand, S. Dogan, C. Graf, L. Cuellar, S. Lommatzsch, U. Blume-Peytavi, M. Calderon, and A. Vogt, Effects of thermoresponsivity and softness on skin penetration and cellular uptake of polyglycerol-based nanogels, J. Controlled Release, 2016, 228, 159–169.
  18. N. Tiwari, E. R. Osorio-Blanco, A. Sonzogni, D. Esporrin-Ubieto, H. Wang, and M. Calderon, Nanocarriers for Skin Applications: Where Do We Stand?, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 2022, 61, e202107960.
  19. E. Ratemi, A. Sultana Shaik, A. Al Faraj, and R. Halwani, Alternative approaches for the treatment of airway diseases: focus on nanoparticle medicine, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 2016, 46, 1033–1042.
  20. A. Yau, J. Lee, and Y. Chen, Nanomaterials for Protein Delivery in Anticancer Applications, Pharmaceutics, 2021, 13, 155.

Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 02
Issue 01
Received 08/02/2024
Accepted 11/02/2024
Published 08/04/2024
Publication Time 60 Days


Login


My IP

PlumX Metrics