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Pharmaceutical Excipient from Agriculture Waste Product

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u00a0Nitin S. Gosavi, Sagar R. Jadhav, Shraddha P. Amrutkar,

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nJanuary 27, 2023 at 8:28 am

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nAbstract

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Agriculture produces a large Amount of waste, which contain a high amount of cellulose line polysaccharide that form a large part of the plant solid cell wall. This waste product can be use efficiently by a variety of recycling method such as energy source, source of large compound such as cellulose, gum polymers etc. disposal of waste from fruit bearing industry has been problem due to the high cost travel cost and limited availability of landfills, as this product have no number commercial value often discarded improper disposal of mangos waste can dramatically increase pollution due to its rapid decay eventually becoming source of insect replication high level of BOD and COD inside mango page waste create another disposal problem to some extent vermicomposting technology can be assist in the disposal of industrial waste, which include fruit waste, in a safe, economical and useful way.

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Volume :u00a0u00a012 | Issue :u00a0u00a01 | Received :u00a0u00a0February 8, 2022 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0March 5, 2022 | Published :u00a0u00a0March 15, 2022n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology(rrjot)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Pharmaceutical Excipient from Agriculture Waste Product under section in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology(rrjot)] [/if 424]
Keywords Pharmaceutical Excipient, Agriculture Waste, BOD and COD, cellulose

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References

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1. Onyinye Jennifer Uwaezuoke, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Disintegrant Properties of Rice Husk Cellulose, Corn Starch and Avicelï ƒ’ in Metronidazole Tablet Formulation. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 4 (12); 2014: 112-117.
2. Annual Abstract of Statistics 2006. National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Palgrave Macmillan; Revised edition (July 17, 2006).
3. Bochek A.M. Effect of hydrogen bonding on cellulose melting inside water-soluble and water-soluble solvents. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 2003: 76(11):1711-1719.
4. Excipient Development for Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology, and Drug Delivery Systems. by Ashok Katdare, et al. CRC Press; 1st edition (28 July 2006).
5. Lesney, Mark S. (January 2001). “More than the sugar in the pill”. For today Occupational Pharmacist 10 (1): 30-6. ISSN 1532-4494. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
6. Presentation on theme: “Simon Mills | April 2008 1 |1 | Pharmaceutical Development with Focus on Paediatric formulations WHO/FIP Training Workshop Hyatt Regency Hotel Sahar Airport.”— Presentation transcript: Published by Agatha Phelps. Available online at: https://slideplayer.com/slide/4475499/
7. Sari Airaksinen, et al. Excipient selection can significantly affect solid-state phase transformation in formulation during wet granulation. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2005 Oct 6;6(2):E311-22.
8. Abdeldaiem, M.H. & Hoda. Use of radioactive mango (Mangifera indica) refined powder as a potential source of dietary fiber and antioxidant in beef burger. Applied Scientific Research Journal. 2012:8: 3677-3687.
9. Ajila, C.M. & Prasada Rao, U.J.S. 2013. Mango page dietary fiber: Composition and phenolic compounds. Journal of Functional Foods. 2013:5(1) :444-450
10. Ajila, C.M., Aalami, M., Leelavathi, K. & Prasada Rao, U.J.S. 2010b. Mango page powder: Potential source of antioxidant and dietary fiber in macaroni arrangements. Elsevier Science. 2013:11(1):219-224.
11. Ajila, C.M., Jaganmohan Rao, L. & Prasada Rao, U.J.S. 2010a. Character making of bioactive compounds from Mangifera indica L. peel raw and ripe extracts. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2010 Dec;48(12):3406-11.
12. Maria Elena Maldonado-Celis, et al. Chemical Composition of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruit: Nutritional and Phytochemical Compounds. Front. Plant Sci., 17 October 2019.
13. Anhuradha, S. & Mullai, P. 2010. Mesophilic biodigestion of cow dung and mango page about bioenergy – Collection study. Evironmetal Science: An Indian Journal. 2010:5(5): 320-324.
14. Agricultural Statistics at a glance. (2009). 4th advance ratings, Horticulture division, Govt. of India. Available online at: https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/At_Glance_2009.htm#
15. Tchobanoglous, G., Theisen, H. and Vigil, S. (1993). Solid solid waste management: Principles of engineering and management matters. McGraw Hill Higher Education (1 June 1977).
16. Zhang, P., Whistler, R.L., BeMiller, J.N. and Hamaker, B.R. (2005). Bananas starch: production, physicochemical properties, and digestion – reviews. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2005: 59(4):443-458
17. Heather A. Wiatrowski, et al. Reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) by Magnetite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 14, 5307–5313
18. Zaaba NF, Ismail H, Jaafer M (2013). Impact of peanut shell content on reconstituted polypropylene structures / composite powder shell compounds. Bioresources.2013:8(4), 5826-5841.
19. Sharma vikas, Vij. Hemmant, singh Pk., Bhatt shailendra (2013). Possible Cellulase Production Research, Development and Completion Novel Thermophilic Microbes. Journal of sustainable biotechnology. 2013:1(1):22-27.
20. Radhakrishnan R, Pae Suk-Bok, Lee Byoung-Kyu and In-Youl Baek (2013). Evaluation of luteolin from shells of Korean peanut cultivars for industrial utilization. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2013:12(28): 4477-4480.
21. Nyachaka C.J, et al. Production and Performance Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuel from Groundnuts Shell Waste. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER). 2013:02(12):303-312.
22. Femi-Oyewo MN, Adedokun MO, Olusoga TO. Standard testing properties of Albiziazygia gum in the suspension of sulphadimidine. Trop J Pharm Res. 2004; 3 (1): 279-284.
23. M Ravindrakullai reddy, Kopparam, Manjunath.“Evaluation of Pectin derived from Orange peel as a Pharmaceutical Excipient” Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res., April-June 2013, 5(2): 283-294.
24. Mann AS, Jain NK, Kharya MD. Evaluation of the Suspending Properties of Cassia tora Mucilage on Sulphadimidine Suspension. Asian J. Exp. Science. 2007; 21 (1): 63-67.
25. Kumar Ravi, Patil MB, Patil SR, Paschapur MS. Evaluation of Abelmoschus Esculentus mucilage as a suspended agent in the formation of paracetamol. Int J Pharm tech Res. 2009; 1 (3): 658-665.

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology

ISSN: 2231-3834

Editors Overview

rrjot maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    By  [foreach 286]n

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    Nitin S. Gosavi, Sagar R. Jadhav, Shraddha P. Amrutkar

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  1. Student,Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy,,India

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Abstract

nAgriculture produces a large Amount of waste, which contain a high amount of cellulose line polysaccharide that form a large part of the plant solid cell wall. This waste product can be use efficiently by a variety of recycling method such as energy source, source of large compound such as cellulose, gum polymers etc. disposal of waste from fruit bearing industry has been problem due to the high cost travel cost and limited availability of landfills, as this product have no number commercial value often discarded improper disposal of mangos waste can dramatically increase pollution due to its rapid decay eventually becoming source of insect replication high level of BOD and COD inside mango page waste create another disposal problem to some extent vermicomposting technology can be assist in the disposal of industrial waste, which include fruit waste, in a safe, economical and useful way.n

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Keywords: Pharmaceutical Excipient, Agriculture Waste, BOD and COD, cellulose

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology(rrjot)]

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References

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1. Onyinye Jennifer Uwaezuoke, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Disintegrant Properties of Rice Husk Cellulose, Corn Starch and Avicelï ƒ’ in Metronidazole Tablet Formulation. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 4 (12); 2014: 112-117.
2. Annual Abstract of Statistics 2006. National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Palgrave Macmillan; Revised edition (July 17, 2006).
3. Bochek A.M. Effect of hydrogen bonding on cellulose melting inside water-soluble and water-soluble solvents. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 2003: 76(11):1711-1719.
4. Excipient Development for Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology, and Drug Delivery Systems. by Ashok Katdare, et al. CRC Press; 1st edition (28 July 2006).
5. Lesney, Mark S. (January 2001). “More than the sugar in the pill”. For today Occupational Pharmacist 10 (1): 30-6. ISSN 1532-4494. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
6. Presentation on theme: “Simon Mills | April 2008 1 |1 | Pharmaceutical Development with Focus on Paediatric formulations WHO/FIP Training Workshop Hyatt Regency Hotel Sahar Airport.”— Presentation transcript: Published by Agatha Phelps. Available online at: https://slideplayer.com/slide/4475499/
7. Sari Airaksinen, et al. Excipient selection can significantly affect solid-state phase transformation in formulation during wet granulation. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2005 Oct 6;6(2):E311-22.
8. Abdeldaiem, M.H. & Hoda. Use of radioactive mango (Mangifera indica) refined powder as a potential source of dietary fiber and antioxidant in beef burger. Applied Scientific Research Journal. 2012:8: 3677-3687.
9. Ajila, C.M. & Prasada Rao, U.J.S. 2013. Mango page dietary fiber: Composition and phenolic compounds. Journal of Functional Foods. 2013:5(1) :444-450
10. Ajila, C.M., Aalami, M., Leelavathi, K. & Prasada Rao, U.J.S. 2010b. Mango page powder: Potential source of antioxidant and dietary fiber in macaroni arrangements. Elsevier Science. 2013:11(1):219-224.
11. Ajila, C.M., Jaganmohan Rao, L. & Prasada Rao, U.J.S. 2010a. Character making of bioactive compounds from Mangifera indica L. peel raw and ripe extracts. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2010 Dec;48(12):3406-11.
12. Maria Elena Maldonado-Celis, et al. Chemical Composition of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruit: Nutritional and Phytochemical Compounds. Front. Plant Sci., 17 October 2019.
13. Anhuradha, S. & Mullai, P. 2010. Mesophilic biodigestion of cow dung and mango page about bioenergy – Collection study. Evironmetal Science: An Indian Journal. 2010:5(5): 320-324.
14. Agricultural Statistics at a glance. (2009). 4th advance ratings, Horticulture division, Govt. of India. Available online at: https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/At_Glance_2009.htm#
15. Tchobanoglous, G., Theisen, H. and Vigil, S. (1993). Solid solid waste management: Principles of engineering and management matters. McGraw Hill Higher Education (1 June 1977).
16. Zhang, P., Whistler, R.L., BeMiller, J.N. and Hamaker, B.R. (2005). Bananas starch: production, physicochemical properties, and digestion – reviews. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2005: 59(4):443-458
17. Heather A. Wiatrowski, et al. Reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) by Magnetite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 14, 5307–5313
18. Zaaba NF, Ismail H, Jaafer M (2013). Impact of peanut shell content on reconstituted polypropylene structures / composite powder shell compounds. Bioresources.2013:8(4), 5826-5841.
19. Sharma vikas, Vij. Hemmant, singh Pk., Bhatt shailendra (2013). Possible Cellulase Production Research, Development and Completion Novel Thermophilic Microbes. Journal of sustainable biotechnology. 2013:1(1):22-27.
20. Radhakrishnan R, Pae Suk-Bok, Lee Byoung-Kyu and In-Youl Baek (2013). Evaluation of luteolin from shells of Korean peanut cultivars for industrial utilization. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2013:12(28): 4477-4480.
21. Nyachaka C.J, et al. Production and Performance Evaluation of Bioethanol Fuel from Groundnuts Shell Waste. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER). 2013:02(12):303-312.
22. Femi-Oyewo MN, Adedokun MO, Olusoga TO. Standard testing properties of Albiziazygia gum in the suspension of sulphadimidine. Trop J Pharm Res. 2004; 3 (1): 279-284.
23. M Ravindrakullai reddy, Kopparam, Manjunath.“Evaluation of Pectin derived from Orange peel as a Pharmaceutical Excipient” Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res., April-June 2013, 5(2): 283-294.
24. Mann AS, Jain NK, Kharya MD. Evaluation of the Suspending Properties of Cassia tora Mucilage on Sulphadimidine Suspension. Asian J. Exp. Science. 2007; 21 (1): 63-67.
25. Kumar Ravi, Patil MB, Patil SR, Paschapur MS. Evaluation of Abelmoschus Esculentus mucilage as a suspended agent in the formation of paracetamol. Int J Pharm tech Res. 2009; 1 (3): 658-665.

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology

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[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2231-3834[/if 344]

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Volume 12
Issue 1
Received February 8, 2022
Accepted March 5, 2022
Published March 15, 2022

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Read More
RRJoT

A Global Impact of Pharmaceutical Pollution

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Views: 1,634

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By [foreach 286]u00a0

u00a0L Immanuel, Blessy Jacob, Visaga Perumal, Vineeth Chandy,

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nJanuary 27, 2023 at 7:16 am

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nAbstract

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Pharmaceutical products play an important role in our daily life in which consumption medicine is essential in need of curing the disease. As the requirement of the pharmaceuticals is more important in human life the production of medicine is in more demanded in global level in our day-to-day life. The most important aspects are the other side in which the pollution of the pharmaceuticals is caused due to the manufacturing, emission, disposal and consumption of the drug materials. This pharmaceutical pollution creates a global impact which is a huge threat to the environment and the human life. Due to the drug pollution in the water environment many rivers around the world in many countries have been polluted in which the effluent, residue, disposed and undisposed drugs from the pharmaceutical industries, hospital wastes, medicine consumed have routed by the water to various rivers, lakes etc. The medicinal products also effect the drinking water and causes more adverse effects. The survey was taken from different articles in which the causes and prevention has briefly detailed and some treatment methods have mentioned in order reduce the pollution form pharmaceuticals.

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Volume :u00a0u00a012 | Issue :u00a0u00a02 | Received :u00a0u00a0June 20, 2022 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0July 22, 2022 | Published :u00a0u00a0August 26, 2022n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology(rrjot)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue A Global Impact of Pharmaceutical Pollution under section in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology(rrjot)] [/if 424]
Keywords Pharmaceutical products, manufacturing, disposal, drug pollution, global impact

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References

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1. Doerr-MacEwen NA, Haight ME. Expert stakeholders’ views on the management of human pharmaceuticals in the environment. Environmental management. 2006 ;38(5):853–66.
2. Larsson DJ. Pollution from drug manufacturing: review and perspectives. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2014 Nov 19;369(1656):20130571.
3. Daughton CG. Pharmaceuticals as environmental pollutants: the ramifications for human exposure. International encyclopedia of public health. 2008 ; 5:66–102.
4. Dodgen LK, Kelly WR, Panno SV, et.el,. Characterizing pharmaceutical, personal care product, and hormone contamination in a karst aquifer of southwestern Illinois, USA, using water quality and stream flow parameters. Science of the total Environment. 2017 ; 578:281–9.
5. Kümmerer K. Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Annual review of environment and resources. 2010 ; 35:57–75.
6. Daniel workman,Drugs And Medicine Exports By Various Countries. https://www.worldstopexports.com/drugs-medicine-exports-country/ updated on 2021.
7. Wilkinson JL, Boxall AB, Kolpin DW,et.el. Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2022 Feb 22;119(8): e2113947119.
8. Hernando MD, Mezcua M, Fernández-Alba AR, Barceló D. Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluents, surface waters and sediments. Talanta. 2006; 69(2):334–42.
9. Mr. Shailendra Mudgal, Ms. Arianna De Toni, Ms. Sarah Lockwood,et.el, Study on the environmental risks of medicinal products. BIO Intelligence Service. 2013.
10. Snyder S, Lue-Hing C, Cotruvo J, Drewes JE, Eaton A, Pleus RC, Schlenk D. Pharmaceuticals in the water environment. National Association of Clean Water Environment (NACWA) and Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA). 2009;31.
11. Downs CA, Kramarsky-Winter E, Segal R,et.el Toxicopathological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, oxybenzone (benzophenone-3), on coral planulae and cultured primary cells and its environmental contamination in Hawaii and the US Virgin Islands. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2016 ;70(2):265–88.
12. Ankley GT, Brooks BW, Huggett DB, Sumpter AJ. Repeating history: pharmaceuticals in the environment. (2007):;41(24):8211–8217.
13. Fick J, Lindberg RH, Parkkonen J,et.el. Therapeutic levels of levonorgestrel detected in blood plasma of fish: results from screening rainbow trout exposed to treated sewage effluents. Environmental science & technology. 2010 ;44(7):2661–6.
14. Snyder SA, Westerhoff P, Yoon Y, Sedlak DL. Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine disruptors in water: implications for the water industry. Environmental engineering science. 2003 ;20(5):449–69.
15. Padhye LP, Yao H, Kung’u FT, Huang CH. Year-long evaluation on the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine disrupting chemicals in an urban drinking water treatment plant. Water research. 2014;51:266–76.
16. Endocrine Disruptors,National institute of environmental health sciences (NIEHS). https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm,( last updated on 2020)
17. Martin JM, Saaristo M, Bertram MG, et.el, The psychoactive pollutant fluoxetine compromises antipredator behaviour in fish. Environmental Pollution. 2017 ;222:592–9.
18. Murray‐Smith RJ, Coombe VT, Grönlund MH,et.el, Managing emissions of active pharmaceutical ingredients from manufacturing facilities: an environmental quality standard approach. Integrated environmental assessment and management. 2012;8(2):320–30.
19. World Health Organization. Pharmaceuticals in drinking-water. (2012).
20. Boleda MR, Galceran MT, Ventura F. Behavior of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) using combined conventional and ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (UF/RO) treatments. Environmental pollution. 2011 ;159(6):1584–91.
21. Adamczak K, Lyko S, Nafo I, et.el,Pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic system–a challenge for the future.Glasgow canadian university.2012
22. Götz K, Benzing C, Deffner J, Keil F, Birzle-Harder B, Strelau L, Reisenauer S. German Federal Environmental Agency Research Project 37 08 61 400.
23. Wang J, Wang S. Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater: a review. Journal of environmental management. 2016 ;182:620–40.
24. Mellah A, Fernandes SP, Rodríguez R, Otero J, Paz J, Cruces J, Medina DD, Djamila H, Espiña B, Salonen LM. Adsorption of pharmaceutical pollutants from water using covalent organic frameworks. Chemistry–A European Journal. 2018 ;24(42):10601–5.
25. Sharma A, Chaudhry SA. Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Pollutants Using Lignocellulosic Materials. InGreen Materials for Wastewater Treatment 2020 (pp. 277–289). Springer, Cham.

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology

ISSN: 2231-3834

Editors Overview

rrjot maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

n

“},{“box”:4,”content”:”

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    By  [foreach 286]n

  1. n

    L Immanuel, Blessy Jacob, Visaga Perumal, Vineeth Chandy

    n

    2. [/foreach]

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  1. Student,T. John College of Pharmacy,Gottigere, Bangalore, Karnataka,India

    2. n[/if 1175][/foreach]

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Abstract

nPharmaceutical products play an important role in our daily life in which consumption medicine is essential in need of curing the disease. As the requirement of the pharmaceuticals is more important in human life the production of medicine is in more demanded in global level in our day-to-day life. The most important aspects are the other side in which the pollution of the pharmaceuticals is caused due to the manufacturing, emission, disposal and consumption of the drug materials. This pharmaceutical pollution creates a global impact which is a huge threat to the environment and the human life. Due to the drug pollution in the water environment many rivers around the world in many countries have been polluted in which the effluent, residue, disposed and undisposed drugs from the pharmaceutical industries, hospital wastes, medicine consumed have routed by the water to various rivers, lakes etc. The medicinal products also effect the drinking water and causes more adverse effects. The survey was taken from different articles in which the causes and prevention has briefly detailed and some treatment methods have mentioned in order reduce the pollution form pharmaceuticals.n

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Keywords: Pharmaceutical products, manufacturing, disposal, drug pollution, global impact

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology(rrjot)]

n[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology(rrjot)] [/if 424]

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References

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1. Doerr-MacEwen NA, Haight ME. Expert stakeholders’ views on the management of human pharmaceuticals in the environment. Environmental management. 2006 ;38(5):853–66.
2. Larsson DJ. Pollution from drug manufacturing: review and perspectives. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2014 Nov 19;369(1656):20130571.
3. Daughton CG. Pharmaceuticals as environmental pollutants: the ramifications for human exposure. International encyclopedia of public health. 2008 ; 5:66–102.
4. Dodgen LK, Kelly WR, Panno SV, et.el,. Characterizing pharmaceutical, personal care product, and hormone contamination in a karst aquifer of southwestern Illinois, USA, using water quality and stream flow parameters. Science of the total Environment. 2017 ; 578:281–9.
5. Kümmerer K. Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Annual review of environment and resources. 2010 ; 35:57–75.
6. Daniel workman,Drugs And Medicine Exports By Various Countries. https://www.worldstopexports.com/drugs-medicine-exports-country/ updated on 2021.
7. Wilkinson JL, Boxall AB, Kolpin DW,et.el. Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2022 Feb 22;119(8): e2113947119.
8. Hernando MD, Mezcua M, Fernández-Alba AR, Barceló D. Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluents, surface waters and sediments. Talanta. 2006; 69(2):334–42.
9. Mr. Shailendra Mudgal, Ms. Arianna De Toni, Ms. Sarah Lockwood,et.el, Study on the environmental risks of medicinal products. BIO Intelligence Service. 2013.
10. Snyder S, Lue-Hing C, Cotruvo J, Drewes JE, Eaton A, Pleus RC, Schlenk D. Pharmaceuticals in the water environment. National Association of Clean Water Environment (NACWA) and Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA). 2009;31.
11. Downs CA, Kramarsky-Winter E, Segal R,et.el Toxicopathological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, oxybenzone (benzophenone-3), on coral planulae and cultured primary cells and its environmental contamination in Hawaii and the US Virgin Islands. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2016 ;70(2):265–88.
12. Ankley GT, Brooks BW, Huggett DB, Sumpter AJ. Repeating history: pharmaceuticals in the environment. (2007):;41(24):8211–8217.
13. Fick J, Lindberg RH, Parkkonen J,et.el. Therapeutic levels of levonorgestrel detected in blood plasma of fish: results from screening rainbow trout exposed to treated sewage effluents. Environmental science & technology. 2010 ;44(7):2661–6.
14. Snyder SA, Westerhoff P, Yoon Y, Sedlak DL. Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine disruptors in water: implications for the water industry. Environmental engineering science. 2003 ;20(5):449–69.
15. Padhye LP, Yao H, Kung’u FT, Huang CH. Year-long evaluation on the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine disrupting chemicals in an urban drinking water treatment plant. Water research. 2014;51:266–76.
16. Endocrine Disruptors,National institute of environmental health sciences (NIEHS). https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm,( last updated on 2020)
17. Martin JM, Saaristo M, Bertram MG, et.el, The psychoactive pollutant fluoxetine compromises antipredator behaviour in fish. Environmental Pollution. 2017 ;222:592–9.
18. Murray‐Smith RJ, Coombe VT, Grönlund MH,et.el, Managing emissions of active pharmaceutical ingredients from manufacturing facilities: an environmental quality standard approach. Integrated environmental assessment and management. 2012;8(2):320–30.
19. World Health Organization. Pharmaceuticals in drinking-water. (2012).
20. Boleda MR, Galceran MT, Ventura F. Behavior of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) using combined conventional and ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (UF/RO) treatments. Environmental pollution. 2011 ;159(6):1584–91.
21. Adamczak K, Lyko S, Nafo I, et.el,Pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic system–a challenge for the future.Glasgow canadian university.2012
22. Götz K, Benzing C, Deffner J, Keil F, Birzle-Harder B, Strelau L, Reisenauer S. German Federal Environmental Agency Research Project 37 08 61 400.
23. Wang J, Wang S. Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater: a review. Journal of environmental management. 2016 ;182:620–40.
24. Mellah A, Fernandes SP, Rodríguez R, Otero J, Paz J, Cruces J, Medina DD, Djamila H, Espiña B, Salonen LM. Adsorption of pharmaceutical pollutants from water using covalent organic frameworks. Chemistry–A European Journal. 2018 ;24(42):10601–5.
25. Sharma A, Chaudhry SA. Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Pollutants Using Lignocellulosic Materials. InGreen Materials for Wastewater Treatment 2020 (pp. 277–289). Springer, Cham.

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology

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[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2231-3834[/if 344]

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Volume 12
Issue 2
Received June 20, 2022
Accepted July 22, 2022
Published August 26, 2022

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Views: 1,634

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Read More
RRJoT

HPLC and Tandem MS Device for the Recognition of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Alafenamide in K2EDTA Human Plasma Utilizing Emtricitabine 15ND2 Tenofovir D5 as an IS

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References

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3. Abdul Haffeez, Abdul Razzaq, Tariq Mahmood, et el. Potential of Nanoparticles to Increase Growth and Yield of Wheat. J Nanosci with Adv Tech. 2015;1(1): 6–11.
4. APHA AW, Greenberg WI, Clesceri L, Eaton A. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, Washington DC: American Public Health Association. 2012.
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10. Elsa Cherian, Arya Rajan, Baskar G, Bio-Synthesis of zinc dioxide nanoparticles using Aspergilllus- fumigatus JCF and its antibacterial activity. Int J Mod Sci Tech. 2016;1: 52–7.
11. Deogratius, J., Mohammad A and Isaac, W. (2013) Synthesis and characterization of whisker shaped MnO2 nanostructure at room temperature. Appl Nanosci. 3(4): 329–333.
12. Naveen Chandra Joshi1, Ekta Joshi, Ajay Singh. Biological Synthesis, Characterizations and Antimicrobial activities of manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles. Res J Pharm Tech. 2020;13(1): 5–140.
13. Saba Jamil, Shanza Rauf Khan, Bushra Sultana, et al., Synthesis of Saucer Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles by Co-precipitation Method and the application as Fuel Additive. J Cluster Sci. 2018; 29(6):1099–1106.
14. Chand P, Joshi A, Lal S, Singh V. Effect of hydrothermal temperature on structural, optical and electrochemical properties of α-MnO2 nanostructures for supercapacitor application. Chemical Physics Letters. 2021;777:138742.
15. Han R, Zou W, Zhang Z, et al. Removal of copper (II) and lead (II) from aqueous solution by manganese oxide coated sand: I. Characterization and kinetic study. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2006 ;137(1):384–95.
16.Harish Kumar, Manisha, Poonam Sangwan. Synthesis and Characterization of MnO2 Nanoparticles using Co-precipitation Technique. Int J Chem Chem Engin.2013;3(3):155–160.
17. An K, Park M, Yu JH, et el. Synthesis of uniformly sized manganese oxide nanocrystals with various sizes and shapes and characterization of their T1 magnetic resonance relaxivity. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry.2012;2012(12):2148–55.
18. Kibria MG, Hossain N, Ahamad MJ, Osman KT. Effects of Poultry Manure, Kitchen Waste Compost and NPK Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Ladies Finger, IOSR J Environ Sci Toxicol Food Tech. 2013; 2(6): 55–60.
19. Pramod Mahajan, Dhoke SK, Khanna AS. Effect on Nano-ZnO Particle Suspension on Growth of Mung (Vigna radiate) and Gram (Cicer arietinum) Seedling Using Plant Agar Method. J Nanotech. 2011.
20. Prasand TNVKV, Sudhagar P, Sreenivasulu Y, et al. Effect of Nanoscale zinc oxide nanoparticles on the germination and yield peanut. J Plant Nut. 2012;35(6): 905–927.
21. Sri Sindhura K, Prasad TN, Panner Selvam P, et al. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of effect of phytogenic zinc nanoparticles on soil exo-enzymes. Applied Nanoscience. 2014 ;4(7):819–27.
22. Ragavan P, Ananth A, Rajan MR. Impact of Selenium Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical Characteristics and Yield of Cluster Bean Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology. 2017; 2(6): 2917–2926.
23. Rajan MR, Hajira Parveen M. Impact of Selenium Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical Characteristics and Yield of Black gram Vigna mungo. Int J Innova Sci Res Review,2021;3(6): 1420–1425.

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology

ISSN: 2231-3834

Editors Overview

rrjot maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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