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Simulation Studies of a Triangular Shape Closed Loop Wind Tunnel

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u00a0Kollati Nanda Sai Kumar, J. Mahesh, Roopsandeep Bammidi,

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nJanuary 10, 2023 at 8:31 am

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nAbstract

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An innovative approach in the modeling and simulation of flow parameters of a triangular shape closed-loop wind tunnel was carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which decreases the overall heat loss of the tunnel from the traditional closed loop wind tunnels and individual section simulations are done to predict and prove the decrease in losses occurred by them and the entire concept wind tunnel is simulated to see the uniformity of flow in the test section. The boundary conditions are appropriately selected based on a subsonic closed loop wind tunnel.

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Volume :u00a0u00a010 | Issue :u00a0u00a01 | Received :u00a0u00a0November 20, 2020 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0November 21, 2020 | Published :u00a0u00a0April 4, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Simulation Studies of a Triangular Shape Closed Loop Wind Tunnel under section in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424]
Keywords CFD, guide vane radiator, wind tunnel, closed loop, simulation

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1. Wittwer Adrian R, Moller Sergio V. Characteristics of the Low Speed Wind Tunnel of the UNNE. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2000; 84(3): 307–320p.
2. Morimasa Watakabe, Masamiki Ohashi. Comparison of Wind Pressure Measurements on Tower-Like Structure Obtained from Full-Scale Observation, Wind Tunnel Test, and the CFD Technology. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2002; 90(12–15): 1817–1829p.
3. Sahin B, Ward-Smith AJ. The Pressure Drop and Flow Characteristics of Wide Angle Screened Diffusers of Large Area Ratio. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 1995; 58(1–2): 33–50p.
4. Kevin Owen F, Owen Andrew K. Measurement and Assessment of Wind Tunnel Flow Quality. Prog Aerosp Sci. 2008; 44(5): 315–348p.
5. John Kaiser Calautit, Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry. Comparison between Evaporative Cooling and a Heat Pipe Assisted Thermal Loop for a Commercial Wind Tower in Hot and Dry Climatic Conditions. Appl Energy. 2013; 101: 740–755p.
6. Peter Moonen, Bert Blocken. Indicators for the Evaluation of Wind Tunnel Test Section Flow Quality and Application to a Numerical Closed-Circuit Wind Tunnel. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2007; 95: 1289–1314p.
7. John Kaiser Calautit, Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry. A Validated Design Methodology for a Closed-Loop Subsonic Wind Tunnel. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2014; 125: 180–194p.
8. Peter Moonen, Bert Blocken. Numerical Modeling of the Flow Conditions in a Closed-Circuit Low-Speed Wind Tunnel. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2006; 94(10): 699–723p.

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics

ISSN: 2278- 2265

Editors Overview

rrjophy maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    By  [foreach 286]n

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    Kollati Nanda Sai Kumar, J. Mahesh, Roopsandeep Bammidi

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  1. UG Student, Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences (A), Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences (A), Aditya Institute of Technology and Management (A),Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh,India, India, Indiavvvvv

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nAn innovative approach in the modeling and simulation of flow parameters of a triangular shape closed-loop wind tunnel was carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which decreases the overall heat loss of the tunnel from the traditional closed loop wind tunnels and individual section simulations are done to predict and prove the decrease in losses occurred by them and the entire concept wind tunnel is simulated to see the uniformity of flow in the test section. The boundary conditions are appropriately selected based on a subsonic closed loop wind tunnel.n

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Keywords: CFD, guide vane radiator, wind tunnel, closed loop, simulation

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)]

n[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424]

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References

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1. Wittwer Adrian R, Moller Sergio V. Characteristics of the Low Speed Wind Tunnel of the UNNE. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2000; 84(3): 307–320p.
2. Morimasa Watakabe, Masamiki Ohashi. Comparison of Wind Pressure Measurements on Tower-Like Structure Obtained from Full-Scale Observation, Wind Tunnel Test, and the CFD Technology. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2002; 90(12–15): 1817–1829p.
3. Sahin B, Ward-Smith AJ. The Pressure Drop and Flow Characteristics of Wide Angle Screened Diffusers of Large Area Ratio. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 1995; 58(1–2): 33–50p.
4. Kevin Owen F, Owen Andrew K. Measurement and Assessment of Wind Tunnel Flow Quality. Prog Aerosp Sci. 2008; 44(5): 315–348p.
5. John Kaiser Calautit, Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry. Comparison between Evaporative Cooling and a Heat Pipe Assisted Thermal Loop for a Commercial Wind Tower in Hot and Dry Climatic Conditions. Appl Energy. 2013; 101: 740–755p.
6. Peter Moonen, Bert Blocken. Indicators for the Evaluation of Wind Tunnel Test Section Flow Quality and Application to a Numerical Closed-Circuit Wind Tunnel. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2007; 95: 1289–1314p.
7. John Kaiser Calautit, Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry. A Validated Design Methodology for a Closed-Loop Subsonic Wind Tunnel. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2014; 125: 180–194p.
8. Peter Moonen, Bert Blocken. Numerical Modeling of the Flow Conditions in a Closed-Circuit Low-Speed Wind Tunnel. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2006; 94(10): 699–723p.

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Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics

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[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2278- 2265[/if 344]

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Volume 10
Issue 1
Received November 20, 2020
Accepted November 21, 2020
Published April 4, 2021

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RRJoPhy

The nth Theory of Cosmic Oestrus

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By [foreach 286]u00a0

u00a0Krish M Gupta,

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nJanuary 10, 2023 at 9:11 am

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nAbstract

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Oestrus is instrumental in animal birth. Cosmic oestrus is instrumental in the birth of 1080 particles and the whole universe. The universe is nothing but space, just space. The egression of conserved energy or cosmic oestrus, which can neither be created nor destroyed, is space. Everything is the different mathematical powers of space. Space has three dimensions: 𝐿1, 𝐿2and 𝐿3. 𝐿1 makes time and inverted gravity, 𝐿2 makes mind/consciousness, and 𝐿3 makes matter. These three dimensions get monstrously interplaited to make the universe. Straightening up this interplait to get a unidimensional/zero-dimensional/absolute (one without a second is equal to none) space is the ultimate untangling of the riddle. The uncontrollable tremor and perverted dilatation warp the unidimensional/zero-dimensional space/conserved energy/cosmic oestrus to 3-D. Quantum field theory says that particles do not actually exist. Protons, neutrons and quarks are not actual things. The actual things are quantum fields which are neither particle nor waves but have properties of both and which may be called “waveicles”. “Waveicles” are the uncontrollable tremor and perverted dilatation of conserved energy/cosmic oestrus. It is oestrus that sets conserved energy to non-stop tremor. Before set to tremor and dilatation, space was an unidimensional/zero-dimensional/absolute nondescript plane as it was before/at the big bang. When the tremor and dilatation settles, as it does at maximum entropy or the ultimate heat death of the universe, space will again be a unidimensional/zero-dimensional/absolute nondescript plane.

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Volume :u00a0u00a010 | Issue :u00a0u00a01 | Received :u00a0u00a0October 17, 2020 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0November 21, 2020 | Published :u00a0u00a0April 5, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue The nth Theory of Cosmic Oestrus under section in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424]
Keywords Cosmic oestrus, conserved energy, impulse, dimensions, mathematical powers of space

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References

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1. Penrose Roger. The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe. Vintage Books; 2005. 0-09-944068-7. LONDON.
2. Dr Paramhans Tiwari, formerly chief engineer at the Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant in India, has personally invented a machine to generate energy from ‘empty space’.
3. Hawking Stephen W. The Theory of Everything: The Origin and Fate of the Universe. Phoenix Books; Special Anniv. 28 Feb 2006. ISBN 978-1-59777-508-3.
4. Sean Carroll. From Eternity to Here: The Quest for the Ultimate Theory of Time. US: Penguin Group; 2010. ISBN 978-1-101-15215-7.
5. Seife Charles. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea. New York: Penguin Viking; 2000. 978-0670884575
6. Kaplan Robert. The Nothing That Is: A Natural History of Zero. New York: Oxford University Press; 2000. USA
7. Pregnolato M. Time for Quantum Consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research (JCER). Nov 2010; 1(8): 898–906p. Italy.
8. Steven Weinberg. Dreams of a Final Theory: The Scientist’s Search for the Ultimate Laws of Nature. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group; 2011-04-20. ISBN 978-0-307-78786-6.L. New York
9. Nahin Paul. Dr. Euler’s Fabulous Formula. Princeton; 2011. ISBN 978-0691118222 https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691175911/dr-eulers-fabulous-formula
10. Greiner W, Müller B. Gauge Theory of Weak Interactions. Vol. 5. New York: Springer; 1996.
11. Raby S, Slansky R. Neutrino Masses: How to Add them to the Standard Model. Los Alamos Science. 1997; 25: 64–71p.

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics

ISSN: 2278- 2265

Editors Overview

rrjophy maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    By  [foreach 286]n

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    Krish M Gupta

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  1. Professor (Retired),Department of Physics, University of Mysore, Vishwavidyanilaya Karya Soudha, Crawford Hall, Mysuru-570005,Karnataka,India

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Abstract

nOestrus is instrumental in animal birth. Cosmic oestrus is instrumental in the birth of 1080 particles and the whole universe. The universe is nothing but space, just space. The egression of conserved energy or cosmic oestrus, which can neither be created nor destroyed, is space. Everything is the different mathematical powers of space. Space has three dimensions: 𝐿1, 𝐿2and 𝐿3. 𝐿1 makes time and inverted gravity, 𝐿2 makes mind/consciousness, and 𝐿3 makes matter. These three dimensions get monstrously interplaited to make the universe. Straightening up this interplait to get a unidimensional/zero-dimensional/absolute (one without a second is equal to none) space is the ultimate untangling of the riddle. The uncontrollable tremor and perverted dilatation warp the unidimensional/zero-dimensional space/conserved energy/cosmic oestrus to 3-D. Quantum field theory says that particles do not actually exist. Protons, neutrons and quarks are not actual things. The actual things are quantum fields which are neither particle nor waves but have properties of both and which may be called “waveicles”. “Waveicles” are the uncontrollable tremor and perverted dilatation of conserved energy/cosmic oestrus. It is oestrus that sets conserved energy to non-stop tremor. Before set to tremor and dilatation, space was an unidimensional/zero-dimensional/absolute nondescript plane as it was before/at the big bang. When the tremor and dilatation settles, as it does at maximum entropy or the ultimate heat death of the universe, space will again be a unidimensional/zero-dimensional/absolute nondescript plane.n

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Keywords: Cosmic oestrus, conserved energy, impulse, dimensions, mathematical powers of space

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)]

n[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424]

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References

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1. Penrose Roger. The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe. Vintage Books; 2005. 0-09-944068-7. LONDON.
2. Dr Paramhans Tiwari, formerly chief engineer at the Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant in India, has personally invented a machine to generate energy from ‘empty space’.
3. Hawking Stephen W. The Theory of Everything: The Origin and Fate of the Universe. Phoenix Books; Special Anniv. 28 Feb 2006. ISBN 978-1-59777-508-3.
4. Sean Carroll. From Eternity to Here: The Quest for the Ultimate Theory of Time. US: Penguin Group; 2010. ISBN 978-1-101-15215-7.
5. Seife Charles. Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea. New York: Penguin Viking; 2000. 978-0670884575
6. Kaplan Robert. The Nothing That Is: A Natural History of Zero. New York: Oxford University Press; 2000. USA
7. Pregnolato M. Time for Quantum Consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research (JCER). Nov 2010; 1(8): 898–906p. Italy.
8. Steven Weinberg. Dreams of a Final Theory: The Scientist’s Search for the Ultimate Laws of Nature. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group; 2011-04-20. ISBN 978-0-307-78786-6.L. New York
9. Nahin Paul. Dr. Euler’s Fabulous Formula. Princeton; 2011. ISBN 978-0691118222 https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691175911/dr-eulers-fabulous-formula
10. Greiner W, Müller B. Gauge Theory of Weak Interactions. Vol. 5. New York: Springer; 1996.
11. Raby S, Slansky R. Neutrino Masses: How to Add them to the Standard Model. Los Alamos Science. 1997; 25: 64–71p.

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Regular Issue Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics

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[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2278- 2265[/if 344]

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Volume 10
Issue 1
Received October 17, 2020
Accepted November 21, 2020
Published April 5, 2021

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Views: 1,352

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Editor

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Reviewer

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Study about Important on why the Phenomenon of Light Propagation in Microstructure on Anisotropy is Important

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Views: 1,538

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By [foreach 286]u00a0

u00a0Gaurang B Patel,

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nJanuary 10, 2023 at 8:47 am

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nAbstract

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Here we want to explain the phenomenon of light propagation in a subtle structure the information of which is shown here. So here we investigated the phenomenon dependence of light diffusion in human dentin on microstructure. The main scatter tubes are found in the dentin, which can be estimated to be shaped like long cylinders. So here we calculated the scattering of electromagnetic waves through an infinitely long cylinder and applied the results to the Monte Carlo code which took into account multiscattering and also simulated light propagation in a dentin slab. It is therefore important to understand the diagnostic application of light in medicine and its effects. As well as the microstructure of the tissue on light propagation, this knowledge can enable preliminary investigation. This can lead to changes in the structural tissues which may also increase the chances of successful treatment. Moreover, the dependence of light diffusion on microstructure has also been studied in the literature. Which have been investigated on successful large tissue volumes in cells but only in very few. Therefore, it can be said that in addition to the applied models, it was assumed that the phenomenon of diffusion of light is isotropic, i.e. the properties of optics are not dependent on the direction of the photon. However, this is not true for many tissue types, for example, muscle, ligaments, tendons, skin, enamel and dentin. Thus the spread of anisotropic light in these tissues is due to their alignment (cylindrical). So in this study we show you that light diffusion in the dentin, the bone-like part of the tooth, It can be successfully explained by its microstructure and that light diffusion is also significant anisotropic.

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Volume :u00a0u00a010 | Issue :u00a0u00a03 | Received :u00a0u00a0August 19, 2021 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0November 11, 2021 | Published :u00a0u00a0November 29, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Study about Important on why the Phenomenon of Light Propagation in Microstructure on Anisotropy is Important under section in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424]
Keywords Anisotropic, microstructure, Light propagation, Reflection, Scattered, Cylinder, Light diffusion.

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1. Zijp JR and ten Bosch JJ 1993 Theoretical model for the scattering of light by dentin and comparison with measurements Appl. Opt. 32:411–5.
2. Zijp J R and ten Bosch JJ 1998 Optical properties of bovine muscle tissue in vitro: a comparision of methods Phys.Med. Biol. 43 3065–81.
3. Altshuler GB 1995 Optical model of the tissues of the human tooth J. Opt. Technol. 62 516–20 Backman V et al. 2000 Detection of preinvasive cancer cells Nature 406 35–6
4. Beuthan J, Minet O, Helfmann J, Herrig M and Mu¨ller G 1996 The spatial variation of the refractive index in biological cells Phys. Med. Biol. 41 369–82
5. Bohren CF and Huffman DR 1983 Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (New York: Wiley)
6. Drezek R, Dunn A and Richards-Kortum R 1999 Light scattering from cells: finite-difference time-domain simulations and goniometric measurements Appl. Opt. 38 3651–63
7. Perelman LT et al. 1999 Observation of periodic fine structure in reflectance from biological tissue: a new technique for measuring nuclear size distribution Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 627–30
8. Yousif HA and Boutros E 1992 A FORTRAN code for the scattering of EM plane waves by an infinitely long cylinder at oblique incidence Comput. Phys. Commun. 69 406–14
9. Zijp JR and ten Bosch JJ 1991 Angular dependence of He–Ne-laser light scattering by bovine and human dentineArch. Oral Biol. 36 283–9
10. Fried D, Glena RE, Featherstone JDB and Seka W 1995 Nature of light scattering in dental enamel and dentin at visible and near-infrared wavelengths Appl. Opt. 34 1278–85
11. Kienle A, Forster FK and Hibst R 2001 Influence of the phase function on determination of the optical properties of biological tissue by spatially resolved reflectance Opt. Lett. 26 1571–3

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics

ISSN: 2278- 2265

Editors Overview

rrjophy maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

n

“},{“box”:4,”content”:”

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    By  [foreach 286]n

  1. n

    Gaurang B Patel

    n

    2. [/foreach]

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    [foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t

  1. Assistant (lab & lecture),Department of physics, Indrashil University, Rajpur, kadi, Mehsana,Gujarat,India

    2. n[/if 1175][/foreach]

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Abstract

nHere we want to explain the phenomenon of light propagation in a subtle structure the information of which is shown here. So here we investigated the phenomenon dependence of light diffusion in human dentin on microstructure. The main scatter tubes are found in the dentin, which can be estimated to be shaped like long cylinders. So here we calculated the scattering of electromagnetic waves through an infinitely long cylinder and applied the results to the Monte Carlo code which took into account multiscattering and also simulated light propagation in a dentin slab. It is therefore important to understand the diagnostic application of light in medicine and its effects. As well as the microstructure of the tissue on light propagation, this knowledge can enable preliminary investigation. This can lead to changes in the structural tissues which may also increase the chances of successful treatment. Moreover, the dependence of light diffusion on microstructure has also been studied in the literature. Which have been investigated on successful large tissue volumes in cells but only in very few. Therefore, it can be said that in addition to the applied models, it was assumed that the phenomenon of diffusion of light is isotropic, i.e. the properties of optics are not dependent on the direction of the photon. However, this is not true for many tissue types, for example, muscle, ligaments, tendons, skin, enamel and dentin. Thus the spread of anisotropic light in these tissues is due to their alignment (cylindrical). So in this study we show you that light diffusion in the dentin, the bone-like part of the tooth, It can be successfully explained by its microstructure and that light diffusion is also significant anisotropic.n

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Keywords: Anisotropic, microstructure, Light propagation, Reflection, Scattered, Cylinder, Light diffusion.

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)]

n[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424]

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References

n[if 1104 equals=””]

1. Zijp JR and ten Bosch JJ 1993 Theoretical model for the scattering of light by dentin and comparison with measurements Appl. Opt. 32:411–5.
2. Zijp J R and ten Bosch JJ 1998 Optical properties of bovine muscle tissue in vitro: a comparision of methods Phys.Med. Biol. 43 3065–81.
3. Altshuler GB 1995 Optical model of the tissues of the human tooth J. Opt. Technol. 62 516–20 Backman V et al. 2000 Detection of preinvasive cancer cells Nature 406 35–6
4. Beuthan J, Minet O, Helfmann J, Herrig M and Mu¨ller G 1996 The spatial variation of the refractive index in biological cells Phys. Med. Biol. 41 369–82
5. Bohren CF and Huffman DR 1983 Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (New York: Wiley)
6. Drezek R, Dunn A and Richards-Kortum R 1999 Light scattering from cells: finite-difference time-domain simulations and goniometric measurements Appl. Opt. 38 3651–63
7. Perelman LT et al. 1999 Observation of periodic fine structure in reflectance from biological tissue: a new technique for measuring nuclear size distribution Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 627–30
8. Yousif HA and Boutros E 1992 A FORTRAN code for the scattering of EM plane waves by an infinitely long cylinder at oblique incidence Comput. Phys. Commun. 69 406–14
9. Zijp JR and ten Bosch JJ 1991 Angular dependence of He–Ne-laser light scattering by bovine and human dentineArch. Oral Biol. 36 283–9
10. Fried D, Glena RE, Featherstone JDB and Seka W 1995 Nature of light scattering in dental enamel and dentin at visible and near-infrared wavelengths Appl. Opt. 34 1278–85
11. Kienle A, Forster FK and Hibst R 2001 Influence of the phase function on determination of the optical properties of biological tissue by spatially resolved reflectance Opt. Lett. 26 1571–3

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Volume 10
Issue 3
Received August 19, 2021
Accepted November 11, 2021
Published November 29, 2021

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Phase Behaviour Study of a Mesogen in a Solvent Role of Molecular Rigidity and Configurational Entropy

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By [foreach 286]u00a0

u00a0P. Lakshmi Praveen,

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nJanuary 10, 2023 at 8:19 am

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nAbstract

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The phase behaviour of a nematogen 4’-n-pentyloxy-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (POBPCB) has been studied with respect to the translational and orientational motions. The charges of atoms and their dipole moments have been estimated by implementing the complete neglect differential overlap (CNDO/2) method. The long-range interactions have been analyzed using modified Rayleigh- Schrodinger Perturbation theory together with the multicentred-multipole expansion scheme. The “6- exp” potential function has been considered to study the short-range interactions. The minimum energy configurations obtained during the different modes of interactions have been taken as input to calculate the configurational probability using the Maxwell-Boltzmann in polar aprotic solvent i.e., Dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature (300 K) and nematic-isotropic transition temperature (340.5 K). A comparison between rigidity analysis and configurational entropy explains the nematic behaviour of the compound.

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Volume :u00a0u00a010 | Issue :u00a0u00a01 | Received :u00a0u00a0November 8, 2020 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0August 12, 2020 | Published :u00a0u00a0April 25, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Phase Behaviour Study of a Mesogen in a Solvent Role of Molecular Rigidity and Configurational Entropy under section in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424]
Keywords 4’-n-pentyloxy-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (POBPCB), molecular rigidity, configurational entropy, Dimethylformamide (DMF), Rayleigh-Schrodinger Perturbation theory

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1. Good by JW. Liquid Crystals and Life, Liquid Crystals. 1998; 24(1): 25–38p.
2. Mondiot F, Wang X, Pablo JD, Abbott NL. Liquid crystal-based emulsions for synthesis of spherical and non-spherical particles with chemical patches. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2013; 135(27): 9972–9975p.
3. Aneela R, Lakshmi Praveen P, Ojha DP. Role of configurational entropy on ordering and phase organization of nematic liquid crystals—A molecular model. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2012; 166: 70–75p.
4. Praveen PL, Ojha DP. Effect of substituent on UV–visible absorption and photostability of liquid crystals: DFT study. Phase Transitions, 2014; 87(5): 515–525p.
5. Kosa T, Muhoray PP. Magnetic field induced deformations in nematic liquid crystals. Liquid Crystals Today, 1996; 6(1): 7–8p.
6. Praveen PL, Ojha DP. Molecular Structure and Ordering in a Fluorinated Smectogenic Compound—A Statistical Thermodynamic Approach. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2013; 571(1): 30–39p.
7. Praveen, P.L. and Ojha, D.P., 2012. Calculation of spectral shifts in UV–visible region and photo stability of thermotropic liquid crystals: Solvent and alkyl chain length effects. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 169, pp.110-116.
8. Saha, S.K., Deb, J., Sarkar, U. and Paul, M.K., 2017. Hockey-stick-shaped mesogens based on 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole: synthesis, mesomorphism, photophysical and DFT studies. Liquid Crystals, 44(14-15), pp.2203-2221.
9. Praveen, P.L., Ajeetha, N. and Ojha, D.P., 2010. Ordering in homologous series of 4′-n-alkyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (n CB)—A comparative computational study. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 84(2), pp.229-234.
10. Praveen, P.L. and Ojha, D.P., 2012. Estimation of Configurational Probability and Phase Behaviour of Nn-undecyl-D-gluconamide having V-Shaped Conformation–A Molecular Simulation Approach. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A, 67(3-4), pp.210-216.
11. Maciel, G.E., McIver Jr, J.W., Ostlund, N.S. and Pople, J.A., 1970. Approximate self-consistent molecular orbital theory of nuclear spin coupling. IV. Vicinal proton-proton coupling constants in substituted ethanes and ethylenes and related compounds. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 92(15), pp.4497-4506.
12. Mandal, P. and Paul, S., 1985. X-ray studies on the mesogen 4′-n-pentyloxy-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5OCB) in the solid crystalline state. Molecular crystals and liquid crystals, 131(3-4), pp.223-235.
13. Claverie P. In: Pullmann B, editor. Intermolecular Interactions: From Diatomic to Biopolymers. New York: John Wiley; 1978; 69p.
14. Lakshmi Praveen, P., 2018. 7-Hexyloxy-3-[4’-(3-methylbutyloxy) phenyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: Study of Smectic behaviour and UV absorption profile. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 667(1), pp.44-53.
15. Kitaygorodsky, A.I., 1961. The interaction curve of non-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms and its application. Tetrahedron, 14(3-4), pp.230-236.
16. Kitaygorodsky AI, Mirskaya KV. Kristallografiya. 1964; 9: 174–179p.
17. Das, P. and Praveen, P.L., 2019. Solvent polarity and chain length effects in thermotropic mesophase formation process: Comparative quantum and thermodynamic analysis. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 288, 1-7p
18. Praveen, P.L. and Ojha, D.P., 2011. Phase organization in laterally substituted dicyclohexylethane derivatives—A molecular model for smectogens. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 161(1), pp.44-48.
19. Nayak, S.K. and Praveen, P.L., 2020. Mesophase Behaviour of a Cyanobiphenyl Molecule in Polar Aprotic Solvent: Rigidity Effect. Journal of Physical Science, 31(3), pp.33-45.
20. Jose, T.J., Simi, A., Raju, M.D. and Praveen, P.L., 2019. Quantum and thermodynamic estimation of mesostate behaviour of alkyl benzoic acids in dielectric medium: comparative study. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 44(7), pp.6601-6608.
21. Praveen, P.L. and Ojha, D.P., 2011. Role of molecular rigidity on phase organization of a smectic liquid crystal—A theoretical model. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 126(1-2), pp.248-252.
22. Praveen, P.L. and Ojha, D.P., 2012. Estimation of Configurational Probability and Phase Behaviour of Nn-undecyl-D-gluconamide having V-Shaped Conformation–A Molecular Simulation Approach. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A, 67(3-4), pp.210-216.

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics

ISSN: 2278- 2265

Editors Overview

rrjophy maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    P. Lakshmi Praveen

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  1. Assistant Professor,Department of Physics, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur,Odisha,India

    2. n[/if 1175][/foreach]

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Abstract

nThe phase behaviour of a nematogen 4’-n-pentyloxy-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (POBPCB) has been studied with respect to the translational and orientational motions. The charges of atoms and their dipole moments have been estimated by implementing the complete neglect differential overlap (CNDO/2) method. The long-range interactions have been analyzed using modified Rayleigh- Schrodinger Perturbation theory together with the multicentred-multipole expansion scheme. The “6- exp” potential function has been considered to study the short-range interactions. The minimum energy configurations obtained during the different modes of interactions have been taken as input to calculate the configurational probability using the Maxwell-Boltzmann in polar aprotic solvent i.e., Dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature (300 K) and nematic-isotropic transition temperature (340.5 K). A comparison between rigidity analysis and configurational entropy explains the nematic behaviour of the compound.n

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Keywords: 4’-n-pentyloxy-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (POBPCB), molecular rigidity, configurational entropy, Dimethylformamide (DMF), Rayleigh-Schrodinger Perturbation theory

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References

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1. Good by JW. Liquid Crystals and Life, Liquid Crystals. 1998; 24(1): 25–38p.
2. Mondiot F, Wang X, Pablo JD, Abbott NL. Liquid crystal-based emulsions for synthesis of spherical and non-spherical particles with chemical patches. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2013; 135(27): 9972–9975p.
3. Aneela R, Lakshmi Praveen P, Ojha DP. Role of configurational entropy on ordering and phase organization of nematic liquid crystals—A molecular model. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2012; 166: 70–75p.
4. Praveen PL, Ojha DP. Effect of substituent on UV–visible absorption and photostability of liquid crystals: DFT study. Phase Transitions, 2014; 87(5): 515–525p.
5. Kosa T, Muhoray PP. Magnetic field induced deformations in nematic liquid crystals. Liquid Crystals Today, 1996; 6(1): 7–8p.
6. Praveen PL, Ojha DP. Molecular Structure and Ordering in a Fluorinated Smectogenic Compound—A Statistical Thermodynamic Approach. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2013; 571(1): 30–39p.
7. Praveen, P.L. and Ojha, D.P., 2012. Calculation of spectral shifts in UV–visible region and photo stability of thermotropic liquid crystals: Solvent and alkyl chain length effects. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 169, pp.110-116.
8. Saha, S.K., Deb, J., Sarkar, U. and Paul, M.K., 2017. Hockey-stick-shaped mesogens based on 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole: synthesis, mesomorphism, photophysical and DFT studies. Liquid Crystals, 44(14-15), pp.2203-2221.
9. Praveen, P.L., Ajeetha, N. and Ojha, D.P., 2010. Ordering in homologous series of 4′-n-alkyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (n CB)—A comparative computational study. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 84(2), pp.229-234.
10. Praveen, P.L. and Ojha, D.P., 2012. Estimation of Configurational Probability and Phase Behaviour of Nn-undecyl-D-gluconamide having V-Shaped Conformation–A Molecular Simulation Approach. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A, 67(3-4), pp.210-216.
11. Maciel, G.E., McIver Jr, J.W., Ostlund, N.S. and Pople, J.A., 1970. Approximate self-consistent molecular orbital theory of nuclear spin coupling. IV. Vicinal proton-proton coupling constants in substituted ethanes and ethylenes and related compounds. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 92(15), pp.4497-4506.
12. Mandal, P. and Paul, S., 1985. X-ray studies on the mesogen 4′-n-pentyloxy-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5OCB) in the solid crystalline state. Molecular crystals and liquid crystals, 131(3-4), pp.223-235.
13. Claverie P. In: Pullmann B, editor. Intermolecular Interactions: From Diatomic to Biopolymers. New York: John Wiley; 1978; 69p.
14. Lakshmi Praveen, P., 2018. 7-Hexyloxy-3-[4’-(3-methylbutyloxy) phenyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: Study of Smectic behaviour and UV absorption profile. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 667(1), pp.44-53.
15. Kitaygorodsky, A.I., 1961. The interaction curve of non-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms and its application. Tetrahedron, 14(3-4), pp.230-236.
16. Kitaygorodsky AI, Mirskaya KV. Kristallografiya. 1964; 9: 174–179p.
17. Das, P. and Praveen, P.L., 2019. Solvent polarity and chain length effects in thermotropic mesophase formation process: Comparative quantum and thermodynamic analysis. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 288, 1-7p
18. Praveen, P.L. and Ojha, D.P., 2011. Phase organization in laterally substituted dicyclohexylethane derivatives—A molecular model for smectogens. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 161(1), pp.44-48.
19. Nayak, S.K. and Praveen, P.L., 2020. Mesophase Behaviour of a Cyanobiphenyl Molecule in Polar Aprotic Solvent: Rigidity Effect. Journal of Physical Science, 31(3), pp.33-45.
20. Jose, T.J., Simi, A., Raju, M.D. and Praveen, P.L., 2019. Quantum and thermodynamic estimation of mesostate behaviour of alkyl benzoic acids in dielectric medium: comparative study. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 44(7), pp.6601-6608.
21. Praveen, P.L. and Ojha, D.P., 2011. Role of molecular rigidity on phase organization of a smectic liquid crystal—A theoretical model. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 126(1-2), pp.248-252.
22. Praveen, P.L. and Ojha, D.P., 2012. Estimation of Configurational Probability and Phase Behaviour of Nn-undecyl-D-gluconamide having V-Shaped Conformation–A Molecular Simulation Approach. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A, 67(3-4), pp.210-216.

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Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics

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Volume 10
Issue 1
Received November 8, 2020
Accepted August 12, 2020
Published April 25, 2021

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Views: 1,353

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Semiconductor Physics and Micron Scale Fluid Mechanics towards the Microelectromechanical Systems Associated with Nanotechnology

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By [foreach 286]u00a0

u00a0Subhadeep Mukhopadhyay,

[/foreach]
nJanuary 10, 2023 at 8:27 am

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nAbstract

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Interrelations among semiconductor physics, microfluidics, nanofluidics and nanotechnology are briefly described. A single microchannel bend is designed and fabricated by author using the maskless lithography, hot embossing lithography and direct bonding. Dyed water is the selected and prepared working liquid in this work. Surface-driven (passive) capillary flow of working liquid is recorded in the fabricated microchannel bend using a CMOS camera. This work may be useful in applied chemistry.

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Volume :u00a0u00a010 | Issue :u00a0u00a01 | Received :u00a0u00a0October 1, 2020 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0July 10, 2020 | Published :u00a0u00a0March 25, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Semiconductor Physics and Micron Scale Fluid Mechanics towards the Microelectromechanical Systems Associated with Nanotechnology under section in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424]
Keywords Semiconductor, nanotechnology, microfluidics, microchannel bends, nanofluidics

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1. K. P. Ghatak, S. Bhattacharya, “Thermoelectric Power in Nanostructured Materials”. Book, Springer; 2010, Germany.
2. S. Bhattacharya, K. P. Ghatak KP. Fowler-Nordheim Field Emission: Effects in Semiconductor Nanostructures. Book Springer; 2012. Germany.
3. S. Bhattacharya, K. P. Ghatak. “Effective Electron Mass in Low-Dimensional Semiconductors”. Book. Springer; 2013. Germany
4. K. P. Ghatak, S. Bhattacharya. Debye Screening Length: Effects of Nanostructured Materials. Book. Springer; 2014. Switzerland.
5. K. P. Ghatak, S. Bhattacharya S. Heavily-Doped 2D-Quantized Structures and the Einstein Relation. Book. Springer; 2015. Switzerland.
6. Ghatak KP. Einstein’s Photoemission: Emission from Heavily-Doped Quantized Structures. Book. Springer; 2015. Switzerland.
7. Ghatak KP, Bhattacharya S, De D. Einstein Relation in Compound Semiconductors and Their Nanostructures. Book. Springer; 2009. Germany
8. Ghatak KP, De D, Bhattacharya S. Photoemission from Optoelectronic Materials and their Nanostructures. Book. Springer; 2009. USA.
9. Ghatak KP. Dispersion Relations in Heavily-Doped Nanostructures. Book. Springer; 2016. Switzerland
10. Ghatak KP. Quantum Effects, Heavy Doping, and the Effective Mass. World Scientific. 2017.
11. Ghatak KP. Magneto Thermoelectric Power in Heavily Doped Quantized Structures. World Scientific; 2016. Singapore.
12. Goldberger J, Fan R, Yang P. Inorganic Nanotubes: A Novel Platform for Nanofluidics. Acc Chem Res. 2006; 39(4): 239–248p.
13. Sparreboom W, Berg AVD, Eijkel JCT. Transport in Nanofluidic Systems: A Review of Theory and Applications. New J Phys. 2010; 12(1): 015004p.
14. Rauscher M, Dietrich S. Wetting Phenomena in Nanofluidics. Annu Rev Mater Res. 2008; 38(1): 143–172p.
15. Squires TM, Quake SR. Microfluidics: Fluid Physics at the Nanoliter Scale. Rev Mod Phys. 2005; 77(3): 977–1026p.
16. Erickson D, Li D. Integrated Microfluidic Devices. Anal Chim Acta. 2004; 507(1): 11–26p.
17. Abgrall P, Gue AM. Lab-on-Chip Technologies: Making a Microfluidic Network and Coupling it into a Complete Microsystem: A Review. J Micromech Microeng. 2007; 17(5): R15–R49p.
18. Bhushan B. Nanotribology and Nanomechanics of MEMS/NEMS and BioMEMS/BioNEMS Materials and Devices. Microelectron Eng. 2007; 84(3): 387–412p.
19. Luo JK, Fu YQ, Le HR, Williams JA, Spearing SM, Milne I. Diamond and Diamond-Like Carbon MEMS. J Micromech Microeng. 2007; 17: S147–S163p.
20. Craighead HG. Nanoelectromechanical Systems. Science. 2000; 290(5496): 1532–1535p.
21. Cameron NS, Ott A, Roberge H, Veres T. Chemical Force Microscopy for Hot-Embossing Lithography Release Layer Characterization. Soft Matter. 2006; 2(7): 553–557p.
22. Becker H, Heim U. Hot Embossing as a Method for the Fabrication of Polymer High Aspect Ratio Structures. Sens Actuators. 2000; 83(1): 130–135p.
23. Datta P, Goettert J. Method for Polymer Hot Embossing Process Development. Microsyst Technol. 2007; 13(3–4): 265–270p.
24. Heyderman LJ, Schift H, David C, Ketterer B, Maur MAD, Gobrecht J. Nanofabrication using Hot Embossing Lithography and Electroforming. Microelectron Eng. 2001; 57–58: 375–380p.
25. Tsao CW, DeVoe DL. Bonding of Thermoplastic Polymer Microfluidics. Microfluid Nanofluid. 2009; 6(1): 1–16p.
26. Mukhopadhyay S. Experimental Investigations on the Surface-Driven Capillary Flow of Aqueous Microparticle Suspensions in the Microfluidic Laboratory-on-a-Chip Systems. Surf Rev Lett. 2017; 24(8): 1750107p.
27. Mukhopadhyay S. Experimental Investigations on the Effects of Surface Modifications to Control the Surface-Driven capillary flow of Aqueous Working Liquids in the PMMA Microfluidic Devices. Adv Sci Eng Med. 2017; 9(11): 959–970p.
28. Mukhopadhyay S. Recording of the Surface-Driven Microfluidic Flow of Aqueous Working Liquids in PMMA Microfluidic Devices. Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering (ETCE). 2018; 5(3): 24–31p.
29. Mukhopadhyay S. Optical Recording of Surface-Driven Capillary Flow in Straight PMMA Microchannels. Trends in Opto-Electro and Optical Communications (TOEOC). 2020; 10(1): 24–30p.
30. Mukhopadhyay S. Thermodynamic Explanation on Surface-Driven Capillary Flow of Working Liquids in the Microfluidic Devices Fabricated by Polymers. International Journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics (IJTCK). 2020; 6(1): 45–70p.

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n[/if 1114]

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

n

Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics

ISSN: 2278- 2265

Editors Overview

rrjophy maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

n

“},{“box”:4,”content”:”

n“},{“box”:1,”content”:”

    By  [foreach 286]n

  1. n

    Subhadeep Mukhopadhyay

    n

    2. [/foreach]

n

    [foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t

  1. Assistant Professor,National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh,Arunachal Pradesh,India

    2. n[/if 1175][/foreach]

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Abstract

nInterrelations among semiconductor physics, microfluidics, nanofluidics and nanotechnology are briefly described. A single microchannel bend is designed and fabricated by author using the maskless lithography, hot embossing lithography and direct bonding. Dyed water is the selected and prepared working liquid in this work. Surface-driven (passive) capillary flow of working liquid is recorded in the fabricated microchannel bend using a CMOS camera. This work may be useful in applied chemistry.n

n

n

Keywords: Semiconductor, nanotechnology, microfluidics, microchannel bends, nanofluidics

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)]

n[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics(rrjophy)] [/if 424]

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References

n[if 1104 equals=””]

1. K. P. Ghatak, S. Bhattacharya, “Thermoelectric Power in Nanostructured Materials”. Book, Springer; 2010, Germany.
2. S. Bhattacharya, K. P. Ghatak KP. Fowler-Nordheim Field Emission: Effects in Semiconductor Nanostructures. Book Springer; 2012. Germany.
3. S. Bhattacharya, K. P. Ghatak. “Effective Electron Mass in Low-Dimensional Semiconductors”. Book. Springer; 2013. Germany
4. K. P. Ghatak, S. Bhattacharya. Debye Screening Length: Effects of Nanostructured Materials. Book. Springer; 2014. Switzerland.
5. K. P. Ghatak, S. Bhattacharya S. Heavily-Doped 2D-Quantized Structures and the Einstein Relation. Book. Springer; 2015. Switzerland.
6. Ghatak KP. Einstein’s Photoemission: Emission from Heavily-Doped Quantized Structures. Book. Springer; 2015. Switzerland.
7. Ghatak KP, Bhattacharya S, De D. Einstein Relation in Compound Semiconductors and Their Nanostructures. Book. Springer; 2009. Germany
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Regular Issue Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics

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[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2278- 2265[/if 344]

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Volume 10
Issue 1
Received October 1, 2020
Accepted July 10, 2020
Published March 25, 2021

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Views: 1,359

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