RRJoD

Oral Health wsr to Dental Fluorosis: A Review

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u00a0Gyanendra Kumar Gupta, Gagan Devi,

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nJanuary 24, 2023 at 10:52 am

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nAbstract

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Dental fluorosis occurs due to the hypo mineralization of tooth enamel. This can lead to discoloration of the teeth. Mild and very mild fluorosis can cause teeth to look whiter, and therefore, it can improve esthetic perceptions of teeth, thereby leading to better OHRQoL (Oral Health related quality of Life). On the other hand, moderate and severe fluorosis can cause more noticeable tooth discoloration and, in some cases, even loss of function, thus leading to decreased esthetic perception and poor OHRQoL. Therefore, depending on the severity of dental fluorosis, the OHRQoL of an individual can be shifted to either end of the spectrum.

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Volume :u00a0u00a013 | Issue :u00a0u00a01 | Received :u00a0u00a0February 16, 2022 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0March 16, 2022 | Published :u00a0u00a0March 28, 2022n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry(rrjod)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Oral Health wsr to Dental Fluorosis: A Review under section in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry(rrjod)] [/if 424]
Keywords Dental fluorosis, Hypo mineralization, Tooth Enamel, Esthetic Perception and OHROoL

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References

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1. Agou, S., Locker, D., Muirhead, V., Tompson, B., & Streiner, D. L. (2011). Does psychological well-being influence oral-health-related quality of life reports in children receiving orthodontic
treatment? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Mar;139(3):369-77.
2. Arrow, P. (2013). Child oral health-related quality of life (COHQoL), enamel defects of the first permanent molars and caries experience among children in Western Australia. Community Dental Health, 30(3), 183-188.
3. Baker Sr, Mat A., Robinson Pg. What psychosocial factors influence adolescents’ oral health? JDent Res 2010; 89(11): 1230–1235.
4. Beltrán-Aguilar ED, Griffin SO, Lockwood SA. Prevalence and trends in enamel fluorosis in the United States from the 1930s to the 1980s. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002 Feb;133(2):157-65.
5. Bhaskar SN, Orban’s Oral Histology and Embryology, 11th Edition, 1991
6. Bos A., Hoogstraten J., Zentner A. Perceptions of Dutch orthodontic patients, and their parents on oral health related quality of life. Angle Orthodontist 2010; 80(2):367–72.
7. Barbosa T., Claudia M. , Marinês ,Maria R., Gavião M .The relationship between oral conditions, masticatory performance and oral health-related quality of life in children Original Research Article. Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 58, Issue 9, September 2013, Pages 1070-1077.
8. Castro Rde, A., Portela, M.C., Leao, A.T., & de Vasconcellos, M.T. (2011). Oral healthrelated quality of life of 11- and 12-year-old public school children in Rio de Janeiro. Community
Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 39(4), 336-344. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00601.x; 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00601.x
9. Cons N.C., Jenny J., Kohout F.J. DAI: the Dental Aesthetic Index. Iowa City, IA: Iowa College of Dentistry, University of Iowa; 1986.

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry

ISSN: 2230-8008

Editors Overview

rrjod maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    Gyanendra Kumar Gupta, Gagan Devi

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  1. Professor & Head, Assistant Professor,Department of Physiology, RK Institute Ayurvedic Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Department of Anatomy,Uttar Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,India, India
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Abstract

nDental fluorosis occurs due to the hypo mineralization of tooth enamel. This can lead to discoloration of the teeth. Mild and very mild fluorosis can cause teeth to look whiter, and therefore, it can improve esthetic perceptions of teeth, thereby leading to better OHRQoL (Oral Health related quality of Life). On the other hand, moderate and severe fluorosis can cause more noticeable tooth discoloration and, in some cases, even loss of function, thus leading to decreased esthetic perception and poor OHRQoL. Therefore, depending on the severity of dental fluorosis, the OHRQoL of an individual can be shifted to either end of the spectrum.n

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Keywords: Dental fluorosis, Hypo mineralization, Tooth Enamel, Esthetic Perception and OHROoL

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry(rrjod)]

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References

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1. Agou, S., Locker, D., Muirhead, V., Tompson, B., & Streiner, D. L. (2011). Does psychological well-being influence oral-health-related quality of life reports in children receiving orthodontic
treatment? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Mar;139(3):369-77.
2. Arrow, P. (2013). Child oral health-related quality of life (COHQoL), enamel defects of the first permanent molars and caries experience among children in Western Australia. Community Dental Health, 30(3), 183-188.
3. Baker Sr, Mat A., Robinson Pg. What psychosocial factors influence adolescents’ oral health? JDent Res 2010; 89(11): 1230–1235.
4. Beltrán-Aguilar ED, Griffin SO, Lockwood SA. Prevalence and trends in enamel fluorosis in the United States from the 1930s to the 1980s. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002 Feb;133(2):157-65.
5. Bhaskar SN, Orban’s Oral Histology and Embryology, 11th Edition, 1991
6. Bos A., Hoogstraten J., Zentner A. Perceptions of Dutch orthodontic patients, and their parents on oral health related quality of life. Angle Orthodontist 2010; 80(2):367–72.
7. Barbosa T., Claudia M. , Marinês ,Maria R., Gavião M .The relationship between oral conditions, masticatory performance and oral health-related quality of life in children Original Research Article. Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 58, Issue 9, September 2013, Pages 1070-1077.
8. Castro Rde, A., Portela, M.C., Leao, A.T., & de Vasconcellos, M.T. (2011). Oral healthrelated quality of life of 11- and 12-year-old public school children in Rio de Janeiro. Community
Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 39(4), 336-344. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00601.x; 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00601.x
9. Cons N.C., Jenny J., Kohout F.J. DAI: the Dental Aesthetic Index. Iowa City, IA: Iowa College of Dentistry, University of Iowa; 1986.

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry

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[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2230-8008[/if 344]

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Volume 13
Issue 1
Received February 16, 2022
Accepted March 16, 2022
Published March 28, 2022

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Read More
RRJoD

Azadirachta Indica: A herbal Panacea in Dentistry– An Update

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u00a0Nitin S. Gosavi, Sachin R. Gosavi, Roshan B. Badhe,

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nJanuary 24, 2023 at 10:22 am

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nAbstract

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Azadirachta indica better known as Neem, an evergreen tree. It has long been used by the people of India for the treatment of various ailments because of its medicinal properties. It has anti-bacterial, anti-cariogenic, anti-helminthic, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, astringent, anti-viral, cytotoxic, and anti- inflammatory activity. Nimbidin, Azadirachtin and nimbinin are active compounds present in Neem that are responsible for their anti-viral activity. Neem bark is used as an active ingredient in a variety of blends and blends. Neem bark has antibacterial properties, it is very useful for the dentist in treating gingival problems and maintaining oral health in a natural way. Neem branches are used as an oral remedy, to relieve toothache and to clean teeth. The purpose of this article is to focus on the various aspects of Azadirachta indica in dentistry in order to provide the tool for future research.

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Volume :u00a0u00a012 | Issue :u00a0u00a03 | Received :u00a0u00a0December 15, 2021 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0December 22, 2021 | Published :u00a0u00a0December 31, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry(rrjod)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Azadirachta Indica: A herbal Panacea in Dentistry– An Update under section in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry(rrjod)] [/if 424]
Keywords Azadirachta indica, anti-bacterial, anti-cariogenic, oral health, anti-diabetic.

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References

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1. Athavale VB. Ayurvedic Dentist [Danta-Shastra]. New Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 1999.
2. Khosla P, Bhanwra S, Singh J, Seth S, Srivastava RK. A study of the hypoglycemic effects of Azadirachta indica (Neem) on diabetic rabbits with alloxan. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000;
44(1): 69-74.
3. van der Nat JM, Klerx JP, van Dijk H, de Silva KT, Labadie RP. The immunomodulatory function of the aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica stem bark. J Ethnopharmacol 1987; 19(2): 125-31.
4. Tidjani MA, Dupont C, Wepierre J. Anti-inflammatory activity of Azadirachta indica. Planta Med Phytother 1989; 23: 259-66.
5. Dhar R, Zhang K, Talwar GP, Garg S, Kumar NJ. Inhibition of the growth and development of the subgroups and sexual organs of the sensitive and drug-resistant species of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum by components of Neem (Azadirachta indica). J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 61: 31-9.
6. Rao AD, Devi KN, Thyagaraju KJ. Ayurtox Detoxification of the body. Enzyme Inhib 1998; 14: 85-6.
7. Rao AR, Sukumar S, Paramasivam TV, Kamalakshi S, Parashuraman AR, Shantha M. Antiviral study of the tender leaves of the Margosa tree (Melia azadericta) in vaccination and variola virus: The first report. Indian J Med Res 1969; 57(3): 495-502.
8. Balasenthil S, Arivazhagan S, Ramachandran CR, Ramachandran V, Nagini S. Chemopreventive power of neem (Azadirachta indica) 7, 12 ‑ dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 67(2): 189-95.
9. Arivazhagan S, Balasenthil S, Nagini S. Measurement effects of Garlic and Neem leaf extracts on N ‑ methyl ‑ N′ ‑ nitro ‑ N-nitrosog uanidine (MNNG) ‑created oxidative stress in mice. Wistar. Cell Biochem Funct 2000; 18(1): 17-21.
10. Baswa M, Rath CC, Dash SK, Mishra RK. The antibacterial activity of Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil: Preliminary report. Microbios 2001; 105(412): 183-9.
11. Jacobson M. Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Neem and China berry in warm-blooded animals. Neem Newslett 1986; 3: 39-43.
12. Bhanwra S, Singh J, Khosla P. Effect of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) aqueous leaf extract on liver damage caused by paracetamol in mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 44(1): 64-8.
13. Bandyopadhyay U, Chatterjee R, Bandyopadhyay R. US Patent 5,730,986, 1998; compliant with Indian Patent 1100 / Del / 95.
14. Saimbi CS. The effectiveness of neem extract ‑Reported to Jeevaniya Health Care Magazine 1994.
15. Bhanwara, S, Singh J, Khosla P. Activity of Azadirachta Indica (neem) in mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 18: 17-21.
16. Sharma P, Tomar L, Bachwani M, Bansal V, Review Neem (Azadirechta indica): Thousand Problem One Solution, Int Res J Pharm 2011; 2(12): 97-102.
17. Biswas K, Chattopadhyay I, Banerjee RK, Bandyopadhyay U. Biological activities and therapeutic properties of Neem (Azadirachta Indica). Curr Sci 2002; 82(11): 1336-45
18. Kapoor S, Saraf S. Viscoelasticity and hydration effect of herbal cosmetics using bioengineering techniques. Pharmacogn Mag 2010; 6(24): 298-304.
19. Subapriya R, Nagini S. Therapeutic properties of neem leaves: A review. Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents 2005; 5(2): 149-6.
20. Nayak A, Ranganathan N, Sowmya GB, Kishore B, Kudalkar M. Antibacterial and anticandidial efficacy tests for aqueous effect and neem alcohol (Azadirachta Indica): Invitro research. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm 2011; 2(1): 230-5.
21. Siswomihardjo W, Sunarintyas SB, Nishimura M, Hamada T. Differences in the antibacterial effect of neem leaves and stick extract. Int Chin J Dent 2007; 7: 27-9.
22. Almas K. Antimicrobial effects of extracts of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and Salvadora Persica (Arak) chewing sticks. Indian J Dent Res 1999; 10(1): 23-6.
23. Bohora A, Hegde V, Kokate S. Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of neem leaf extract and 2% sodium hypochlorite against E.Faecalis, C.Albicans and mixed culture‑ An In Vitro read. Endodonology 2010; 22: 8-12.
24. Chava VR, Manjunath SM, Rajanikanth AV, Sridevi N. The effectiveness of neem extract in four microorganisms responsible for tooth decay are Streptococcus Mutans, Streptococcus Salivarius, Streptococcus Mitis and -Streptococcus Sanguis: Intro Research. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(6): 769-72.
25. Dhanya Kumar NM, Sidhu P. Antimicrobial activity of Azardirachta Indica, Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Cinnamum Zeylanicum, Syzygium Aromaticum, Accacia Nilotica on Streptococcus Mutans And Enterococcus Faecalis-An In Vitro study. Endodonology. Available at: [Last accessed 2013 Sep]. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-antimicrobial-activity-of-azardirachta-indica-%2C- Ate%C5%9F-Turgay/ca3747b76bf99d14e9b5c2dd7430e3ad9847cdb3#citing-papers
26. Polaquini SR, Svidzinski TI, Kemmelmeir C, Gasparetto A. Effect of aqueous extract from Neem on hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and adhesion to resin composite Candida albicans. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 51(6): 482-90.
27. Prashant GM, Chandu GN, Murulikrishna KS, Shafiulla MD. The effect of mango and neem extract on four organisms causing dental caries: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivavius, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus sanguis: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2007; 18(4): 148-51.
28. Packia Lekshmi NCJ, Sowmia N, Viveka S, Raja Brindha J, Jeeva S. Preventive effect of Azadirachta indica against dental infections. Asian J Plant Sci Res 2012; 2(1): 6-10.
29. Patil S, Venkataraghavan K, Anantharaj A, Patil S. Comparison of two toothpastes available for sale in the Streptococcus Mutans saliva test for urban kindergarten children – An In Vivo study. International Dentistry SA 2010; 12(4): 72-82.
30. Bhuiyan MM, Nishimura M, Matsumura S, Shimonu T. Antimicrobial effects of Azadirachta Indica extracted neem bark from Streptococcus Sobrinus. Pediatr Dent J 1997; 7: 61-4.
31. Wolinsky Le, Mania S, Nachnani S, Ling S. Preventive effect of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) is a liquid released on bacterial structures that influence the formation of In Vitro plaque. J Dent Res 1996; 75: 816-22.
32. Elavarasu S, Abinaya P, Elanchezhiyan S, Thangakumaran, Vennila K, Naziya KB. Azadirachta Indica (Neem Oil) Anti-plaque microbial activity test In Vitro: A pilot study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4(6): S394‑6.
33. Pai MR, Acharya LD, Udupa N. Antiplaque activity test of Azadirachta Indica leaf extract gel-A 6 ‑ weekly clinical study. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 90: 99-103.
34. Lakshmi T, Aravind Kumar S. Antadacterial testing of Azadirachta Indica ethanolic leaf extract against selected acidogenic oral bacteria that causes tooth decay in non-orthodontic-acting patients – Invitro study. J Bot Res 2012; 1: 30-40.
35. Bhambal A, Kothari AS, Saxena S, Jain M. Comparative effect of Neemstick and Toothbrush on removal of plaque and gingival health – Clinical examination. J Adv Oral Res 2011; 2(3): 51-6.
36. Chatterjee A, Saluja M, Singh N, Kandwal A. To test for antigingivitis and antipalque effect of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) oral cleanser on plaque caused by gingivitis: Double-blind, random, controlled trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 15(4): 398-401.
37. Sharma S, Suchetha A, Vijayendra R, Bharwani AG. In Vitro microbiological study evaluating the efficacy of soluneem (Formulation of water-soluble Neem from Azadirachta Indica) against periodontopathic microorganisms. J Oral Health Commun Dent 2012; 6(1): 4-9.
38. Botelho MA, Santos RA, Martins JG, Carvalho CO, Paz MC, Azenha C, et al. The effectiveness of the mouthrinse based on the leaves of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) in the treatment of patients with chronic gingivitis: A blurred, randomized, controlled trial. J Med Plant Res 2008; 2: 341-6.

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry

ISSN: 2230-8008

Editors Overview

rrjod maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    Nitin S. Gosavi, Sachin R. Gosavi, Roshan B. Badhe

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  1. Student, Student, Student,Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha, Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy, Dondaicha,,India, India, India
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Abstract

nAzadirachta indica better known as Neem, an evergreen tree. It has long been used by the people of India for the treatment of various ailments because of its medicinal properties. It has anti-bacterial, anti-cariogenic, anti-helminthic, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, astringent, anti-viral, cytotoxic, and anti- inflammatory activity. Nimbidin, Azadirachtin and nimbinin are active compounds present in Neem that are responsible for their anti-viral activity. Neem bark is used as an active ingredient in a variety of blends and blends. Neem bark has antibacterial properties, it is very useful for the dentist in treating gingival problems and maintaining oral health in a natural way. Neem branches are used as an oral remedy, to relieve toothache and to clean teeth. The purpose of this article is to focus on the various aspects of Azadirachta indica in dentistry in order to provide the tool for future research.n

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Keywords: Azadirachta indica, anti-bacterial, anti-cariogenic, oral health, anti-diabetic.

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry(rrjod)]

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References

n[if 1104 equals=””]

1. Athavale VB. Ayurvedic Dentist [Danta-Shastra]. New Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 1999.
2. Khosla P, Bhanwra S, Singh J, Seth S, Srivastava RK. A study of the hypoglycemic effects of Azadirachta indica (Neem) on diabetic rabbits with alloxan. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000;
44(1): 69-74.
3. van der Nat JM, Klerx JP, van Dijk H, de Silva KT, Labadie RP. The immunomodulatory function of the aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica stem bark. J Ethnopharmacol 1987; 19(2): 125-31.
4. Tidjani MA, Dupont C, Wepierre J. Anti-inflammatory activity of Azadirachta indica. Planta Med Phytother 1989; 23: 259-66.
5. Dhar R, Zhang K, Talwar GP, Garg S, Kumar NJ. Inhibition of the growth and development of the subgroups and sexual organs of the sensitive and drug-resistant species of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum by components of Neem (Azadirachta indica). J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 61: 31-9.
6. Rao AD, Devi KN, Thyagaraju KJ. Ayurtox Detoxification of the body. Enzyme Inhib 1998; 14: 85-6.
7. Rao AR, Sukumar S, Paramasivam TV, Kamalakshi S, Parashuraman AR, Shantha M. Antiviral study of the tender leaves of the Margosa tree (Melia azadericta) in vaccination and variola virus: The first report. Indian J Med Res 1969; 57(3): 495-502.
8. Balasenthil S, Arivazhagan S, Ramachandran CR, Ramachandran V, Nagini S. Chemopreventive power of neem (Azadirachta indica) 7, 12 ‑ dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 67(2): 189-95.
9. Arivazhagan S, Balasenthil S, Nagini S. Measurement effects of Garlic and Neem leaf extracts on N ‑ methyl ‑ N′ ‑ nitro ‑ N-nitrosog uanidine (MNNG) ‑created oxidative stress in mice. Wistar. Cell Biochem Funct 2000; 18(1): 17-21.
10. Baswa M, Rath CC, Dash SK, Mishra RK. The antibacterial activity of Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil: Preliminary report. Microbios 2001; 105(412): 183-9.
11. Jacobson M. Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Neem and China berry in warm-blooded animals. Neem Newslett 1986; 3: 39-43.
12. Bhanwra S, Singh J, Khosla P. Effect of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) aqueous leaf extract on liver damage caused by paracetamol in mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 44(1): 64-8.
13. Bandyopadhyay U, Chatterjee R, Bandyopadhyay R. US Patent 5,730,986, 1998; compliant with Indian Patent 1100 / Del / 95.
14. Saimbi CS. The effectiveness of neem extract ‑Reported to Jeevaniya Health Care Magazine 1994.
15. Bhanwara, S, Singh J, Khosla P. Activity of Azadirachta Indica (neem) in mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 18: 17-21.
16. Sharma P, Tomar L, Bachwani M, Bansal V, Review Neem (Azadirechta indica): Thousand Problem One Solution, Int Res J Pharm 2011; 2(12): 97-102.
17. Biswas K, Chattopadhyay I, Banerjee RK, Bandyopadhyay U. Biological activities and therapeutic properties of Neem (Azadirachta Indica). Curr Sci 2002; 82(11): 1336-45
18. Kapoor S, Saraf S. Viscoelasticity and hydration effect of herbal cosmetics using bioengineering techniques. Pharmacogn Mag 2010; 6(24): 298-304.
19. Subapriya R, Nagini S. Therapeutic properties of neem leaves: A review. Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents 2005; 5(2): 149-6.
20. Nayak A, Ranganathan N, Sowmya GB, Kishore B, Kudalkar M. Antibacterial and anticandidial efficacy tests for aqueous effect and neem alcohol (Azadirachta Indica): Invitro research. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm 2011; 2(1): 230-5.
21. Siswomihardjo W, Sunarintyas SB, Nishimura M, Hamada T. Differences in the antibacterial effect of neem leaves and stick extract. Int Chin J Dent 2007; 7: 27-9.
22. Almas K. Antimicrobial effects of extracts of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and Salvadora Persica (Arak) chewing sticks. Indian J Dent Res 1999; 10(1): 23-6.
23. Bohora A, Hegde V, Kokate S. Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of neem leaf extract and 2% sodium hypochlorite against E.Faecalis, C.Albicans and mixed culture‑ An In Vitro read. Endodonology 2010; 22: 8-12.
24. Chava VR, Manjunath SM, Rajanikanth AV, Sridevi N. The effectiveness of neem extract in four microorganisms responsible for tooth decay are Streptococcus Mutans, Streptococcus Salivarius, Streptococcus Mitis and -Streptococcus Sanguis: Intro Research. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(6): 769-72.
25. Dhanya Kumar NM, Sidhu P. Antimicrobial activity of Azardirachta Indica, Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Cinnamum Zeylanicum, Syzygium Aromaticum, Accacia Nilotica on Streptococcus Mutans And Enterococcus Faecalis-An In Vitro study. Endodonology. Available at: [Last accessed 2013 Sep]. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-antimicrobial-activity-of-azardirachta-indica-%2C- Ate%C5%9F-Turgay/ca3747b76bf99d14e9b5c2dd7430e3ad9847cdb3#citing-papers
26. Polaquini SR, Svidzinski TI, Kemmelmeir C, Gasparetto A. Effect of aqueous extract from Neem on hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and adhesion to resin composite Candida albicans. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 51(6): 482-90.
27. Prashant GM, Chandu GN, Murulikrishna KS, Shafiulla MD. The effect of mango and neem extract on four organisms causing dental caries: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivavius, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus sanguis: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2007; 18(4): 148-51.
28. Packia Lekshmi NCJ, Sowmia N, Viveka S, Raja Brindha J, Jeeva S. Preventive effect of Azadirachta indica against dental infections. Asian J Plant Sci Res 2012; 2(1): 6-10.
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30. Bhuiyan MM, Nishimura M, Matsumura S, Shimonu T. Antimicrobial effects of Azadirachta Indica extracted neem bark from Streptococcus Sobrinus. Pediatr Dent J 1997; 7: 61-4.
31. Wolinsky Le, Mania S, Nachnani S, Ling S. Preventive effect of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) is a liquid released on bacterial structures that influence the formation of In Vitro plaque. J Dent Res 1996; 75: 816-22.
32. Elavarasu S, Abinaya P, Elanchezhiyan S, Thangakumaran, Vennila K, Naziya KB. Azadirachta Indica (Neem Oil) Anti-plaque microbial activity test In Vitro: A pilot study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4(6): S394‑6.
33. Pai MR, Acharya LD, Udupa N. Antiplaque activity test of Azadirachta Indica leaf extract gel-A 6 ‑ weekly clinical study. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 90: 99-103.
34. Lakshmi T, Aravind Kumar S. Antadacterial testing of Azadirachta Indica ethanolic leaf extract against selected acidogenic oral bacteria that causes tooth decay in non-orthodontic-acting patients – Invitro study. J Bot Res 2012; 1: 30-40.
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36. Chatterjee A, Saluja M, Singh N, Kandwal A. To test for antigingivitis and antipalque effect of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) oral cleanser on plaque caused by gingivitis: Double-blind, random, controlled trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 15(4): 398-401.
37. Sharma S, Suchetha A, Vijayendra R, Bharwani AG. In Vitro microbiological study evaluating the efficacy of soluneem (Formulation of water-soluble Neem from Azadirachta Indica) against periodontopathic microorganisms. J Oral Health Commun Dent 2012; 6(1): 4-9.
38. Botelho MA, Santos RA, Martins JG, Carvalho CO, Paz MC, Azenha C, et al. The effectiveness of the mouthrinse based on the leaves of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) in the treatment of patients with chronic gingivitis: A blurred, randomized, controlled trial. J Med Plant Res 2008; 2: 341-6.

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Regular Issue Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry

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Volume 12
Issue 3
Received December 15, 2021
Accepted December 22, 2021
Published December 31, 2021

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Read More
RRJoD

Recent advances in forensic odontology

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry

ISSN: 2230-8008

Editors Overview

rrjod maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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Open Access

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n Recent advances in forensic odontologyn

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Abstract Submission Deadline : November 30, 2023

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Manuscript Submission Deadline : December 25, 2023

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n Special Issue Descriptionn

Forensic odontology or forensic dentistry is the use of dental information to those criminal and common regulations that are implemented by police offices in the law enforcement framework. It alludes to the appropriate taking care of, assessment, distinguishing proof, and assessment of dental proof. Forensic dentistry assumes a critical part in distinguishing the survivors of wrongdoing and perished people through the assessment of anatomical structures, dental machines, and dental rebuilding efforts. Teeth are the most vigorous tissues of the human body and are generally resistant to postmortem decay. The dental patterns will generally be profoundly individualized and are in this way extremely helpful for identification assuming suitable records are accessible for comparison. Forensic odontology has three significant areas of use: (1) analytic and therapeutic assessment and evaluation of wounds to jaws, teeth, and oral delicate tissues, (2) the distinguishing proof of people, particularly casualties in criminal examinations or potentially mass calamities, (3) identification, assessment, and evaluation of indentations which happen with some recurrence in rapes, youngster misuse cases, and in private guard circumstances. Conventional methods utilized in forensic odontology incorporate dental record support, dental imaging, indentation examination, rhinoscopy, and rugoscopy. Also, ongoing ideas, for example, facial recreation, dental replacement recognizable proof, DNA fingerprinting, and tongue prints have been presented in the field of forensic odontology. In the event of a crime location, forensic odontologists assume a significant part in researching and deciphering dental proof. Forensic odontologists use the information on dentistry in indentation examination, the obsession with personality in mass fiascos, and age assessment. Accordingly, the obligation and obligation of forensic odontologists have expanded lately. Hence, rehearsing dental specialists and dental understudies ought to be made mindful of the accessible fresher advances and their utilization in forensic dentistry.

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Denture, DNA, Facial reconstruction, Forensic odontology, Tongue prints

n Manuscript Submission informationn

Manuscripts should be submitted online via the manuscript Engine. Once you register on APID, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline.n All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the email address:[email protected] for announcement on this website.n Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a Double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for the submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page.

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950u00a0 $

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