ijhhsp maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
A comprehensive plan is a generalized, coordinated land use map and policy statement of a local government that links all-natural and functional systems and activities related to the use of lands, including but not limited to sewage and water systems, transportation systems, educational and recreational facilities, and natural resources as well as programmed for managing air and water quality. “Comprehensive” refers to something that covers everything, both in terms of the geographic region it covers and the natural and functional systems and activities that take place there. “General nature” refers to a list of policies and suggestions in general categories and does not always denote precise locations of any given region, activity, or purpose. When the demands of all governmental levels, building a shared institution, private businesses, and the people of Oregon have been considered and accommodated to the greatest extent possible, a plan is said to be “coordinated.” Subsurface and surface water as well as air are all considered to be “land.” To protect compatible human uses within the Long Island Sound ecology, the Management Conference was tasked with developing a Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan. The plan identifies specific commitments and recommendations for actions to improve water quality, safeguard habitat and living resources, inform and engage the public, large swaths of understanding of how to manage the Sound, monitor progress, and refocus management efforts. The plan also explains the priority problems affecting Long Island Sound.
rn [if 233 not_equal=””]Editor [foreach 234]rn
,
rn [/foreach][/if 233]rn Keywordsrn
Risk management , Project control , Change management , General nature , Long Island Sound ecology
rn Manuscript Submission informationrn
Manuscripts should be submitted online via the manuscript Engine. Once you register on APID, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline.rn All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the email address:[email protected] for announcement on this website.rn Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a Double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for the submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page.
The dental afflictions are indubitably the most important global infectious diseases. Herbal medicines along with the extracts from the plants together are used for orofacial ailments since the time immemorial. Disease management in any discipline whatsoever rests on proper diagnosis, which in turn is dependent upon assiduous observation of the patient’s complaint and temperament. Unani medicine is no exception; ergo, is looked upon as a welcome pragmatic chemotherapeutic approach. The approach is relatively cheaper, safer and easily accessible by and large juxtaposing with current conventional modality. Electronic and manual search was conducted for individual plants or mixtures of plants consistent with the philosophy of Unani medicine using pertinent keywords in MEDLINE, Wiley Online Library, AYUSH Research Portal, and Systematic Reviews in Unani, Web of Science, Indus Medicus and Google Scholar from 2015 to 2020 present to include 49 studies in the end.
1. Misra D, Rai S, Khatri M, Misra A. Complementary Medicine—A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Oral Diseases. MAMC J Med Sci. 2017; 3: 16–21p.
2. Tichy J, Novak J. Extraction, assay, and analysis of anti-microbials from plants with activity against dental pathogens (Streptococcus sp.) J Altern Complement Med. 1998; 4: 39–45p.
3. Munjal S, Munjal S. Probiotics in Oral Health Promotion: The New Approach. Int J Basic Appl Med Sci. 2014; 4: 204–209p.
4. Torwane NA, Hongal S, Goel P, Chandrashekar BR. Role of Ayurveda in management of oral health. Phcog Rev. 2014; 8: 16–21p.
5. Dev JC, Bhaskar DJ, Bumb SS, Singh V, Kadtane SS. Ethical use of homeopathy and how can we use it in dentistry. Iran J Public Health. 2013; 42: 1476–1477p.
6. Nasmeer MSM. Unani System of Medicine Introduction and Challenges. Altern Integr Med. 2019; 8: 45p. 7. Singh YN, Singh NN. Therapeutic Potential of Kava in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders. Mol Diag Ther. 2002; 16: 731–743p.
8. Goldstein BH. Unconventional Dentistry: Part I. Introduction. J Can Dent Assoc. 2000; 66: 323–326p.
9. Rahman SZ, Khan RA, Latif A. Importance of pharmacovigilance in Unani system of medicine. Indian J Pharmacol. 2008; 40: S17–S20.
10. Rahman HSZ. History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. IV Part 2 (Medicine and Life Sciences in India). In: Subbarayappa BV, editors. Unani Medicine in India: Its Origin and Fundamental Concepts. New Delhi, India: Centre for Studies in Civilizations, Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture; 2001. pp. 298–325.
11. Najm W. Complementary and alternative medicine. In: Noble J, editor. Textbook of Primary Care Medicine. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2001. pp. 130–170.
12. Bhattacharya SK, Muruganandam AV. Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: an experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003; 75: 547–555p.
13. Rege NN, Thatte UM, Dahanukar SA. Adaptogenic activity of six rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine. Phytotherapy Res. 1999; 13: 275–291p.
14. Pradeep AR, Happy D, Garg G. Short-term clinical effects of commercially available gel containing Acacia arabica: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Aust Dent. 2010; 55: 65–69p.
15. Clark DT, Gazi MI, Cox SW, Eley BM, Tinsley GF. The effects of Acacia arabica gum on the in vitro growth and protease activities of periodontopathic bacteria. J Clin Periodontol. 1993; 20: 238–243p.
16. Kanwar P, Sharma N, Rekha A. Medicinal plants use in traditional healthcare systems prevalent in Western Himalayas. Ind J Trad Know. 2006; 5: 300–309p.
17. Ansari S, Zeenat F, Ahmed W, Ahmed I. Therapeutics and pharmacology of Gul-e-Surkh ( Rosa damascene Mill): An important Unani drug. Int J Adv Pharm Med Bio Sc. 2017; 5: 195–205p.
18. Chaturvedi TP. Uses of turmeric in dentistry: An update. Indian J Dent Res. 2009; 20: 107–109p.
19. Mehta K, Pantazis P, McQueen T, Aggarwal BB. Anti-proliferative effect of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) against human breast tumor cell line. Anticancer Drugs. 1997; 8: 470–481p.
20. Kawamori T, Lubet R, Steele VE, Kelloff GJ, Kaskey RB, Rao CV, et al. Chemo preventive effect of Curcumin, a naturally occurring anti-Inflammatory agent, during the promotion/progression stages of colon cancer. Cancer Res. 2007; 59: 597–601p.
21. Kaushik P, Goyal P, Chauhan A, Chauhan G. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial potential of dry fruit extracts of Elettaria cardamomum Maton (Chhoti Elaichi). Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2010; 9: 287–292p.
22. Stohs SJ, Bagchi D. Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and chemoprotective properties of Acacia catechu Heartwood Extracts. Phytotherm Res. 2015; 29: 818–824p.
23. Lakshmi T, Aravindkumar S. Preliminary phytochemical analysis & in vitro antibacterial activity of Acacia catechu willd Bark against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis & Lactobacillus acidophilus. Int J Phytomed. 2011; 3: 579–584p.
24. Alpinia Galanga: Greater Galanga: Kulanjan. (Online). Cited on: 12/3/13. Available at: http://www.hillgreen.com/pdf/ALPINIA%20GALANGA.pdf.
25. Cavallito CJ, Bailey JH. Allicin, the antibiotic principle of Allium sativum. Isolation, physical properties and antibacterial action. J Am Chem Soc. 1944; 66: 1950–1951p.
26. Szyszkowska A, Koper J, Szczerba J, Marta P, DominikaZajde L. The use of medicinal plants in dental treatment. Herba Polonica. 2010; 56: 97–107p.
27. Singh KV, Shukla NO. Activity on multiple resistant bacteria of garlic (Allium sativum) Fitoterapia. 1984; 55: 313–315p.
28. Singh S, Nair V, Gupta YK. Antiarthritic activity of Majoon suranjan (A polyherbal Unani formulation) in rat. Indian J Med Res. 2011; 134: 384–388p.
29. Khan AA, Bashir F, Akhtar J, Anjum N, Alam S, Naushin S. Majoon Suranjan: A potent Unani formulation for arthritis. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2018; 8: 351–355p.
30. Szczyglewska D. Szałwialekarska – rolinalecznicz A. WiadZiel. 1999; 1: 8–10p.
31. Akhtar J, Siddique KM, Bi S, Mujeeb M. A review on phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of Miswak (Salvadora persica Linn). J Pharm Bioall Sci. 2011; 3: 113–117p.
32. Aldini EZ, Ardakani F. Efficacy of miswak (Salvadora persica) in prevention of dental caries. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci Hlth Serv Winter. 2007; 14: 24–31p.
33. Kaur S, Abdul Jalil R, Akmar SL. The immediate term effect of chewing commercially available Miswak (Salvadora persica) on levels of calcium, chloride, phosphate and thiocyanate in whole saliva. Ann Dent. 2004; 11: 51–59p.
34. Gazi Ml, Davies TJ, Al-Bagieh N, Cox SW. The immediate and medium-term effects of Meswak on the composition of mixed saliva. J Clin Periodontol. 1992; 19: 113–117p.
35. Myrrh-Commiphoramyrrha. (Online). Cited on: 12/3/12. Available at: http:// doterra.squarespace.com/storage/educationtab/informationsheets/Myrrh%20 Information%20Sheet%202.pdf.
36. Bandyopadhyay U, Biswas K, Chatterjee R, Bandyopahyay D, Chattopadhyay I, Ganguly CK, et al. Gastro protective effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) bark extract: Possible involvement of H+K+ ATPase inhibition and scavenging of hydroxyl radical. Life Sci. 2002; 71: 2845–2865p.
37. Wolinsky LE, Mania S, Nachnani S, Ling S. The inhibiting effect of aqueous Azadirachta indica (neem) extract upon bacterial properties influencing in vitro plaque formation. J Dent Res. 1996; 75: 816–822p.
38. Botelho MA, dos Santos RA, Martins JG, Carvalho CO, Paz MC, Azenha C, et al. Efficacy of a mouth rinse based on leaves of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) in the treatment of patients with chronic gingivitis: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Med Plant Res. 2008; 2: 341–346p.
39. Terry R, Posadzki P, Watson LK, Ernst E. The use of ginger (Zingiber officinale) for the treatment of pain: A systematic review of clinical trials. Pain Med. 2011; 12: 1808–1818p.
40. Anandan R, Rekha RD, Saravanan N, Devaki T. Protective effects of Picrorhiza kurroa against HCl/ethanol-induced ulceration in rats. Fitoterapia. 1999; 70: 498–501p. 41. Khare C. Lavandula stoechas Linn. In: Khare C, editor. Indian Medicinal Plants. New York, NY: Springer; 2007. pp. 365–366.
42. Bhati R, Singh A, Saharan VA, Ram V, Bhandari A. Strychnos nux-vomica seeds: Pharmacognostical standardization, extraction, and antidiabetic activity. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2012; 3: 80–84p.
43. Paarakh PM. Nigella sativa Linn. A comprehensive review. Indian J Nat Prod Resour. 2010; 1: 409–429p.
44. Munjal S, Munjal S. Evolution of periodontics: An insight into the past. Int J Basic Appl Med Sci. 2014; 4: 21–28p.
45. Shklar G, Carranza FA. The historical background of periodontology. In: Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 10th edition. USA: Saunders Company; 2006. pp. 1–10.
46. Hongal S, Torwane NA, Goel P, Chandrashekhar BR, Gouraha A. Role of Unani system of medicine in management of orofacial diseases: A review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014; 8: ZE12–ZE15.
47. Goldstein BH. Unconventional dentistry: Part III. Legal and regulatory issues. J Can Dent Assoc. 2000; 66: 503–506p.
48. Johnson NW. Complementary medicine in dentistry. Oral Dis. 1998; 4: 69p.
49. Ernst E, Pittler MH. Herbal medicines. Med Clin North Am. 2002; 86: 149–161p.
joayush maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
n
“},{“box”:4,”content”:”
n“},{“box”:1,”content”:”
By [foreach 286]n
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Sumit Munjal, Seema Munjal
n
[/foreach]
n
[foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t
Professor, M.D.S.,Department of Periodontics, Institute of Dental Studies & Technologies, Department of Prosthodontics, Faces n Braces Dental Research Centre, New Delhi, Ex-Post GraduateStudent, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital,Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka,India, India
n[/if 1175][/foreach]
n
n
n
n
n
Abstract
nThe dental afflictions are indubitably the most important global infectious diseases. Herbal medicines along with the extracts from the plants together are used for orofacial ailments since the time immemorial. Disease management in any discipline whatsoever rests on proper diagnosis, which in turn is dependent upon assiduous observation of the patient’s complaint and temperament. Unani medicine is no exception; ergo, is looked upon as a welcome pragmatic chemotherapeutic approach. The approach is relatively cheaper, safer and easily accessible by and large juxtaposing with current conventional modality. Electronic and manual search was conducted for individual plants or mixtures of plants consistent with the philosophy of Unani medicine using pertinent keywords in MEDLINE, Wiley Online Library, AYUSH Research Portal, and Systematic Reviews in Unani, Web of Science, Indus Medicus and Google Scholar from 2015 to 2020 present to include 49 studies in the end.n
n
n
Keywords: Unani system of medicine, Unani philosophy, oral disease, herbal, AYUSH, dentistry
1. Misra D, Rai S, Khatri M, Misra A. Complementary Medicine—A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Oral Diseases. MAMC J Med Sci. 2017; 3: 16–21p.
2. Tichy J, Novak J. Extraction, assay, and analysis of anti-microbials from plants with activity against dental pathogens (Streptococcus sp.) J Altern Complement Med. 1998; 4: 39–45p.
3. Munjal S, Munjal S. Probiotics in Oral Health Promotion: The New Approach. Int J Basic Appl Med Sci. 2014; 4: 204–209p.
4. Torwane NA, Hongal S, Goel P, Chandrashekar BR. Role of Ayurveda in management of oral health. Phcog Rev. 2014; 8: 16–21p.
5. Dev JC, Bhaskar DJ, Bumb SS, Singh V, Kadtane SS. Ethical use of homeopathy and how can we use it in dentistry. Iran J Public Health. 2013; 42: 1476–1477p.
6. Nasmeer MSM. Unani System of Medicine Introduction and Challenges. Altern Integr Med. 2019; 8: 45p. 7. Singh YN, Singh NN. Therapeutic Potential of Kava in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders. Mol Diag Ther. 2002; 16: 731–743p.
8. Goldstein BH. Unconventional Dentistry: Part I. Introduction. J Can Dent Assoc. 2000; 66: 323–326p.
9. Rahman SZ, Khan RA, Latif A. Importance of pharmacovigilance in Unani system of medicine. Indian J Pharmacol. 2008; 40: S17–S20.
10. Rahman HSZ. History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. IV Part 2 (Medicine and Life Sciences in India). In: Subbarayappa BV, editors. Unani Medicine in India: Its Origin and Fundamental Concepts. New Delhi, India: Centre for Studies in Civilizations, Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture; 2001. pp. 298–325.
11. Najm W. Complementary and alternative medicine. In: Noble J, editor. Textbook of Primary Care Medicine. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2001. pp. 130–170.
12. Bhattacharya SK, Muruganandam AV. Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: an experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003; 75: 547–555p.
13. Rege NN, Thatte UM, Dahanukar SA. Adaptogenic activity of six rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine. Phytotherapy Res. 1999; 13: 275–291p.
14. Pradeep AR, Happy D, Garg G. Short-term clinical effects of commercially available gel containing Acacia arabica: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Aust Dent. 2010; 55: 65–69p.
15. Clark DT, Gazi MI, Cox SW, Eley BM, Tinsley GF. The effects of Acacia arabica gum on the in vitro growth and protease activities of periodontopathic bacteria. J Clin Periodontol. 1993; 20: 238–243p.
16. Kanwar P, Sharma N, Rekha A. Medicinal plants use in traditional healthcare systems prevalent in Western Himalayas. Ind J Trad Know. 2006; 5: 300–309p.
17. Ansari S, Zeenat F, Ahmed W, Ahmed I. Therapeutics and pharmacology of Gul-e-Surkh ( Rosa damascene Mill): An important Unani drug. Int J Adv Pharm Med Bio Sc. 2017; 5: 195–205p.
18. Chaturvedi TP. Uses of turmeric in dentistry: An update. Indian J Dent Res. 2009; 20: 107–109p.
19. Mehta K, Pantazis P, McQueen T, Aggarwal BB. Anti-proliferative effect of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) against human breast tumor cell line. Anticancer Drugs. 1997; 8: 470–481p.
20. Kawamori T, Lubet R, Steele VE, Kelloff GJ, Kaskey RB, Rao CV, et al. Chemo preventive effect of Curcumin, a naturally occurring anti-Inflammatory agent, during the promotion/progression stages of colon cancer. Cancer Res. 2007; 59: 597–601p.
21. Kaushik P, Goyal P, Chauhan A, Chauhan G. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial potential of dry fruit extracts of Elettaria cardamomum Maton (Chhoti Elaichi). Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2010; 9: 287–292p.
22. Stohs SJ, Bagchi D. Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and chemoprotective properties of Acacia catechu Heartwood Extracts. Phytotherm Res. 2015; 29: 818–824p.
23. Lakshmi T, Aravindkumar S. Preliminary phytochemical analysis & in vitro antibacterial activity of Acacia catechu willd Bark against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis & Lactobacillus acidophilus. Int J Phytomed. 2011; 3: 579–584p.
24. Alpinia Galanga: Greater Galanga: Kulanjan. (Online). Cited on: 12/3/13. Available at: http://www.hillgreen.com/pdf/ALPINIA%20GALANGA.pdf.
25. Cavallito CJ, Bailey JH. Allicin, the antibiotic principle of Allium sativum. Isolation, physical properties and antibacterial action. J Am Chem Soc. 1944; 66: 1950–1951p.
26. Szyszkowska A, Koper J, Szczerba J, Marta P, DominikaZajde L. The use of medicinal plants in dental treatment. Herba Polonica. 2010; 56: 97–107p.
27. Singh KV, Shukla NO. Activity on multiple resistant bacteria of garlic (Allium sativum) Fitoterapia. 1984; 55: 313–315p.
28. Singh S, Nair V, Gupta YK. Antiarthritic activity of Majoon suranjan (A polyherbal Unani formulation) in rat. Indian J Med Res. 2011; 134: 384–388p.
29. Khan AA, Bashir F, Akhtar J, Anjum N, Alam S, Naushin S. Majoon Suranjan: A potent Unani formulation for arthritis. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2018; 8: 351–355p.
30. Szczyglewska D. Szałwialekarska – rolinalecznicz A. WiadZiel. 1999; 1: 8–10p.
31. Akhtar J, Siddique KM, Bi S, Mujeeb M. A review on phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of Miswak (Salvadora persica Linn). J Pharm Bioall Sci. 2011; 3: 113–117p.
32. Aldini EZ, Ardakani F. Efficacy of miswak (Salvadora persica) in prevention of dental caries. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci Hlth Serv Winter. 2007; 14: 24–31p.
33. Kaur S, Abdul Jalil R, Akmar SL. The immediate term effect of chewing commercially available Miswak (Salvadora persica) on levels of calcium, chloride, phosphate and thiocyanate in whole saliva. Ann Dent. 2004; 11: 51–59p.
34. Gazi Ml, Davies TJ, Al-Bagieh N, Cox SW. The immediate and medium-term effects of Meswak on the composition of mixed saliva. J Clin Periodontol. 1992; 19: 113–117p.
35. Myrrh-Commiphoramyrrha. (Online). Cited on: 12/3/12. Available at: http:// doterra.squarespace.com/storage/educationtab/informationsheets/Myrrh%20 Information%20Sheet%202.pdf.
36. Bandyopadhyay U, Biswas K, Chatterjee R, Bandyopahyay D, Chattopadhyay I, Ganguly CK, et al. Gastro protective effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) bark extract: Possible involvement of H+K+ ATPase inhibition and scavenging of hydroxyl radical. Life Sci. 2002; 71: 2845–2865p.
37. Wolinsky LE, Mania S, Nachnani S, Ling S. The inhibiting effect of aqueous Azadirachta indica (neem) extract upon bacterial properties influencing in vitro plaque formation. J Dent Res. 1996; 75: 816–822p.
38. Botelho MA, dos Santos RA, Martins JG, Carvalho CO, Paz MC, Azenha C, et al. Efficacy of a mouth rinse based on leaves of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) in the treatment of patients with chronic gingivitis: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Med Plant Res. 2008; 2: 341–346p.
39. Terry R, Posadzki P, Watson LK, Ernst E. The use of ginger (Zingiber officinale) for the treatment of pain: A systematic review of clinical trials. Pain Med. 2011; 12: 1808–1818p.
40. Anandan R, Rekha RD, Saravanan N, Devaki T. Protective effects of Picrorhiza kurroa against HCl/ethanol-induced ulceration in rats. Fitoterapia. 1999; 70: 498–501p. 41. Khare C. Lavandula stoechas Linn. In: Khare C, editor. Indian Medicinal Plants. New York, NY: Springer; 2007. pp. 365–366.
42. Bhati R, Singh A, Saharan VA, Ram V, Bhandari A. Strychnos nux-vomica seeds: Pharmacognostical standardization, extraction, and antidiabetic activity. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2012; 3: 80–84p.
43. Paarakh PM. Nigella sativa Linn. A comprehensive review. Indian J Nat Prod Resour. 2010; 1: 409–429p.
44. Munjal S, Munjal S. Evolution of periodontics: An insight into the past. Int J Basic Appl Med Sci. 2014; 4: 21–28p.
45. Shklar G, Carranza FA. The historical background of periodontology. In: Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 10th edition. USA: Saunders Company; 2006. pp. 1–10.
46. Hongal S, Torwane NA, Goel P, Chandrashekhar BR, Gouraha A. Role of Unani system of medicine in management of orofacial diseases: A review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014; 8: ZE12–ZE15.
47. Goldstein BH. Unconventional dentistry: Part III. Legal and regulatory issues. J Can Dent Assoc. 2000; 66: 503–506p.
48. Johnson NW. Complementary medicine in dentistry. Oral Dis. 1998; 4: 69p.
49. Ernst E, Pittler MH. Herbal medicines. Med Clin North Am. 2002; 86: 149–161p.
Homeopathy treats the patient as a whole in mental and physical plane together based on symptom similarity. Homoeopathy rejects mind-body duality. According to Homoeopathic principles, mind and body are dynamically interconnected. Mental diseases are not separate from so called physical diseases. The classical texts of Homoeopathy have given detailed description of importance of mental symptoms in prescribing suitable similar medicine as well as case taking of mentally ill patients; and classification and treatment of mental diseases. According to Homoeopathic principles- all chronic diseases, if studied carefully, will show decided and characteristic mental symptoms long before physical changes can be discovered in the body by any laboratory test now known. The symptoms of mind including patient’s subjective feelings, emotions, thought, sensations and reactions to various life stressors reflect the deepest aspect of the patient. These symptoms are considered characteristic symptom of the patient as they reflect the deepest aspect of the patient. Thus, in Homoeopathic prescribing, the symptoms of mind take precedence over general and local symptoms and help in individualization of the case.
1. Thakur T. Homoeopathic perspective of mental disorders. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Volume 6, Issue 4, 2017, page 790 to 797.
2. Roberts H A. The principles and art of cure by Homoeopathy, New Delhi: B Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd, Reprint edition, 2001, page 14 to 15.
3. Ullman D. A Homeopathic Perspective on Psychological Problems: Treating Mind and Body. Discovering Homeopathy: Medicine for the 21st Century, Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 1999.
4. Tiwari, P. and Tyagi, E., 2019. Mental health in homoeopathy: a systematic review. Int J Homoeopath Sci, 3(03), pp.9-12.
5. Hahnemann S, Organon of Medicine, 5th & 6th edition, New Delhi: B Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd, Reprint edition, 2000, page 111 to 117.
6. Tiwari SK. Essentials of Repertorization. Fourth reprint edition. B Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd; 2006, page 115 to 117.
7. Kent JT. Lectures on Homoeopathic Philosophy. Reprint edition. New Delhi: B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd; 2008, page 400 to 402.
8. Babu, D.G.N., 2009. Comprehensive Study of Organon An Attempt To Understand The Organon Of Medicine As A Scientific Treatise, B.
9. Roberts H A. The principles and art of cure by Homoeopathy, New Delhi: B Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd, Reprint edition, 2001, page 270 to 271.
10. Tiwari SK. Essentials of Repertorization. Fourth reprint edition. B Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd; 2006, page 136 to 137.
joayush maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
nHomeopathy treats the patient as a whole in mental and physical plane together based on symptom similarity. Homoeopathy rejects mind-body duality. According to Homoeopathic principles, mind and body are dynamically interconnected. Mental diseases are not separate from so called physical diseases. The classical texts of Homoeopathy have given detailed description of importance of mental symptoms in prescribing suitable similar medicine as well as case taking of mentally ill patients; and classification and treatment of mental diseases. According to Homoeopathic principles- all chronic diseases, if studied carefully, will show decided and characteristic mental symptoms long before physical changes can be discovered in the body by any laboratory test now known. The symptoms of mind including patient’s subjective feelings, emotions, thought, sensations and reactions to various life stressors reflect the deepest aspect of the patient. These symptoms are considered characteristic symptom of the patient as they reflect the deepest aspect of the patient. Thus, in Homoeopathic prescribing, the symptoms of mind take precedence over general and local symptoms and help in individualization of the case.n
1. Thakur T. Homoeopathic perspective of mental disorders. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Volume 6, Issue 4, 2017, page 790 to 797.
2. Roberts H A. The principles and art of cure by Homoeopathy, New Delhi: B Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd, Reprint edition, 2001, page 14 to 15.
3. Ullman D. A Homeopathic Perspective on Psychological Problems: Treating Mind and Body. Discovering Homeopathy: Medicine for the 21st Century, Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 1999.
4. Tiwari, P. and Tyagi, E., 2019. Mental health in homoeopathy: a systematic review. Int J Homoeopath Sci, 3(03), pp.9-12.
5. Hahnemann S, Organon of Medicine, 5th & 6th edition, New Delhi: B Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd, Reprint edition, 2000, page 111 to 117.
6. Tiwari SK. Essentials of Repertorization. Fourth reprint edition. B Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd; 2006, page 115 to 117.
7. Kent JT. Lectures on Homoeopathic Philosophy. Reprint edition. New Delhi: B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd; 2008, page 400 to 402.
8. Babu, D.G.N., 2009. Comprehensive Study of Organon An Attempt To Understand The Organon Of Medicine As A Scientific Treatise, B.
9. Roberts H A. The principles and art of cure by Homoeopathy, New Delhi: B Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd, Reprint edition, 2001, page 270 to 271.
10. Tiwari SK. Essentials of Repertorization. Fourth reprint edition. B Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd; 2006, page 136 to 137.
Background and Aim: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), together with Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), is a protein receptor for SARS-CoV-2 virus in the host subject; expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 reveals the multidimensional character of COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 Prominently induces pulmonary and systemic injury with other synergistic mechanisms. Preexisting chronic inflammatory conditions markedly sustain and aggravate the severity and cytokine storm. Inflammatory responses are closely linked with COVID-19 severity and complications. Role of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is crucial and owing the demand of polyherbal combinations with antioxidant potential for their preventive and therapeutic aspects. Ayurveda intended to develop potential immune mechanism in the host while dealing with infectious diseases. ‘Kamsaharitaki’ a polyherbal formulation predominantly indicated in inflammatory conditions targeting multiple systems is found to be most appropriate to restrain Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) associated with COVID 19. To support and establish this; phytopharmacological exploration is decisive. Methodology: A keen exploration of in vitro, in vivo studies with electronically published data limited to Pubmed search engine interrelated to phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of each solitary herb along with predefined groups of herbs constituting this formulation is carried out. Results and Conclusion: This revealed presence of numerous phytochemicals with comparable pharmacological properties. Dashmula (group of 10 herbs of this formulation) illustrated statistically significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-platelet (P < 0.05) potentials.
1. Behrens E.M., Koretzky G.A. Review: cytokine storm syndrome: looking toward the precision medicine era. Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69:1135–1143. doi: 10.1002/art.40071.
2. Godfred-Cato S, Bryant B, Leung J, Oster ME, Conklin L, Abrams J et. Al COVID-19-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children – United States, March-July 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Aug 14; 69(32):1074-1080.
3. Morris S.B. Case series of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection – United Kingdom and United States, March-August 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(40):1450–1456.
4. World Health Organization COVID-19 and NCDs. [(accessed on 23 March 2020)]; Available online: https://www.who.int/internal-publications-detail/covid-19-and-ncds.
5. Varga Z., Flammer A.J., Steiger P. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;395(10234):1417–1418.
6. Schönrich G, Raftery MJ, Samstag Y. Devilishly radical NETwork in COVID-19: Oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T cell suppression Adv Biol Regul. 2020 Aug; 77: 100741.
7. Wu J, Deng W, Li S, Yang X. Advances in research on ACE2 as a receptor for 2019-nCoV Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020 Aug 11 : 1–14. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03611-x
8. Schönrich G, Raftery MJ, Samstag Y. Devilishly radical NETwork in COVID-19: Oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T cell suppression Adv Biol Regul. 2020 Aug; 77: 100741.
9. Cecchini R Cecchini A L SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis is related to oxidative stress as a response to aggression Med Hypotheses. 2020 Oct; 143: 110102.
10. Feghali CA, Wright TM Cytokines in acute and chronic inflammation. Front Biosci. 1997 Jan 1; 2():d12-26.
11. Wellen K E, Hotamisligil G S. Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2005 May; 115(5):1111-9.
12. Zuo W., Zhao X., Chen Y G. SARS Coronavirus and Lung Fibrosis. In: Lal S.K., editor. Molecular Biology of the SARS-Coronavirus. Springer; Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: 2010. pp. 247–258.
13. Naik PK, Moore BB Viral infection and aging as cofactors for the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2010 Dec; 4(6):759-71.
14. Tolba M, Omirah M A, Hussain A, Saeed H Assessment and Characterization of Post‐COVID‐19 manifestations Wiley public health emergency collection doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13746
15. Schonrih G et al Devilishly radical NETwork in COVID-19: Oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T cell suppression Adv Biol Regul. 2020 Aug; 77: 100741.
16. Siddiqi H. COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: a clinical-therapeutic staging proposal. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2020;39:405–407.
17. Mehta P., McAuley D.F., Brown M. et al. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395:1033–1034.
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84. Kodlady N, Galib, Patgiri B.J, Prajapati P.K. Perspectives of Ksara in Carakasamhita Aryavaidyan 2012 May ; 25 (4) :237-245
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97. Parashuraman S Polyherbal formulation: Concept of Ayurveda Pharmacogn Rev. 2014 Jul-Dec; 8(16): 73–80.
joayush maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
Panchakarma Vaidya, Associate Professor,Department of Panchakarma National Institute of Ayurveda, Deemed to be University, Department of RSBK, Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya and Hospital, Risod, Dist-Washim,Rajasthan, Maharashtra,India, India
n[/if 1175][/foreach]
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n
Abstract
nBackground and Aim: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), together with Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), is a protein receptor for SARS-CoV-2 virus in the host subject; expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 reveals the multidimensional character of COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 Prominently induces pulmonary and systemic injury with other synergistic mechanisms. Preexisting chronic inflammatory conditions markedly sustain and aggravate the severity and cytokine storm. Inflammatory responses are closely linked with COVID-19 severity and complications. Role of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is crucial and owing the demand of polyherbal combinations with antioxidant potential for their preventive and therapeutic aspects. Ayurveda intended to develop potential immune mechanism in the host while dealing with infectious diseases. ‘Kamsaharitaki’ a polyherbal formulation predominantly indicated in inflammatory conditions targeting multiple systems is found to be most appropriate to restrain Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) associated with COVID 19. To support and establish this; phytopharmacological exploration is decisive. Methodology: A keen exploration of in vitro, in vivo studies with electronically published data limited to Pubmed search engine interrelated to phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of each solitary herb along with predefined groups of herbs constituting this formulation is carried out. Results and Conclusion: This revealed presence of numerous phytochemicals with comparable pharmacological properties. Dashmula (group of 10 herbs of this formulation) illustrated statistically significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-platelet (P < 0.05) potentials.n
1. Behrens E.M., Koretzky G.A. Review: cytokine storm syndrome: looking toward the precision medicine era. Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69:1135–1143. doi: 10.1002/art.40071.
2. Godfred-Cato S, Bryant B, Leung J, Oster ME, Conklin L, Abrams J et. Al COVID-19-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children – United States, March-July 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Aug 14; 69(32):1074-1080.
3. Morris S.B. Case series of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection – United Kingdom and United States, March-August 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(40):1450–1456.
4. World Health Organization COVID-19 and NCDs. [(accessed on 23 March 2020)]; Available online: https://www.who.int/internal-publications-detail/covid-19-and-ncds.
5. Varga Z., Flammer A.J., Steiger P. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;395(10234):1417–1418.
6. Schönrich G, Raftery MJ, Samstag Y. Devilishly radical NETwork in COVID-19: Oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T cell suppression Adv Biol Regul. 2020 Aug; 77: 100741.
7. Wu J, Deng W, Li S, Yang X. Advances in research on ACE2 as a receptor for 2019-nCoV Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020 Aug 11 : 1–14. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03611-x
8. Schönrich G, Raftery MJ, Samstag Y. Devilishly radical NETwork in COVID-19: Oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T cell suppression Adv Biol Regul. 2020 Aug; 77: 100741.
9. Cecchini R Cecchini A L SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis is related to oxidative stress as a response to aggression Med Hypotheses. 2020 Oct; 143: 110102.
10. Feghali CA, Wright TM Cytokines in acute and chronic inflammation. Front Biosci. 1997 Jan 1; 2():d12-26.
11. Wellen K E, Hotamisligil G S. Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2005 May; 115(5):1111-9.
12. Zuo W., Zhao X., Chen Y G. SARS Coronavirus and Lung Fibrosis. In: Lal S.K., editor. Molecular Biology of the SARS-Coronavirus. Springer; Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: 2010. pp. 247–258.
13. Naik PK, Moore BB Viral infection and aging as cofactors for the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2010 Dec; 4(6):759-71.
14. Tolba M, Omirah M A, Hussain A, Saeed H Assessment and Characterization of Post‐COVID‐19 manifestations Wiley public health emergency collection doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13746
15. Schonrih G et al Devilishly radical NETwork in COVID-19: Oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T cell suppression Adv Biol Regul. 2020 Aug; 77: 100741.
16. Siddiqi H. COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: a clinical-therapeutic staging proposal. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2020;39:405–407.
17. Mehta P., McAuley D.F., Brown M. et al. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395:1033–1034.
18. Tripathi B. Caraka Samhita. Chaukhamba Surbharati, Varanasi, India, pp. 676, 2004.
19. Tripathi B. Caraka Samhita. Chaukhamba Surbharati, Varanasi, India, pp. 387, 2004.
20. Tripathi B. Caraka Samhita. Chaukhamba Surbharati, Varanasi, India, pp. 386, 2004.
21. Tripathi B. Caraka Samhita. Chaukhamba Surbharati, Varanasi, India, pp. 366, 2004.
22. Bhisagacharya S. Kasyapa samhita. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, India, pp. 340, 2006.
23. Paradkar S S. Astangahrdaya. Chaukhamba Surbharati, Varanasi, India, pp. 7, 2007.
24. Tripathi B. Caraka Samhita. Chaukhamba Surbharati, Varanasi, India, pp. 937, 2004.
25. Sumantran VN, Tillu G. Cancer, Inflammation, and Insights from Ayurveda Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012; 2012: 306346 Published online 2012 Jul 4. doi: 10.1155/2012/306346
26. Sumantran VN, Tillu G. Cancer, Inflammation, and Insights from Ayurveda Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012; 2012: 306346 Published online 2012 Jul 4. doi: 10.1155/2012/306346
27. Sharma R, Martins N, Kuca K, et al. Chyawanprash: A Traditional Indian Bioactive Health Supplement Biomolecules. 2019 May; 9(5): 161.
28. Patwardhan B, Kalbag D, Patki PS, et al. Search of Immunomodulatory Agents – a review. Indian Drugs. 1991;28:249–54.
29. Vidyasagar P S. Sarangadhara-Samhita. Chaukhamba Surbharati, Varanasi, India, pp. 206, 2006.
30. Barclay T G. Day C M. Petrovsky N, et al. Review of polysaccharide particle-based functional drug delivery Carbohydr Polym. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 Oct 1
31. Serra L, Doménech J, Peppas N A. Engineering design and molecular dynamics of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems as targeting agents. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2009 Mar; 71(3):519-28.
32. Tripathi B. Caraka Samhita. Chaukhamba Surbharati, Varanasi, India, pp. 451, 2004.
33. Khemuka N, Galib R, Patgiri BJ, et al. Pharmaceutical standardization of Kamsaharitaki granules Ayu. 2015 Oct-Dec; 36(4): 416–420.
34. Chatterjee A., Chaudhury B. Occurrence of auraptene, umbelliferone, marmin, lupeol and skimmianine in the root of Aegle marmelos. Corr J Indian Chem Soc. 1960; 37: 334–336.
35. Benni J M, Jayanthi M K, Suresha R N. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Aegle marmelos (Bilwa) root. Indian J Pharmacol. 2011 Jul; 43(4):393-7.
36. Rajendran R, Basha NS. Cardioprotective effect of ethanol extract of stem-bark and stem-wood of Premna serratifolia Linn. (Verbenaceae) Res J Pharm Tech. 2008;1:487–91
37. Mali P Y. Pharmacological potentials of Premna integrifolia L. Anc Sci Life. 2016 Jan-Mar; 35(3): 132–142.
38. Hengpratom T, Lowe GM, Thumanu K. et al. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz extract inhibits adipogenesis and lipase activity in vitro. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Jun 8; 18(1):177.
39. 39. Dunkhunthod B, Talabnin C, Murphy M. et al. Intracellular ROS Scavenging and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Oroxylum indicum Kurz (L.) Extract in LPS plus IFN-γ-Activated RAW264.7 Macrophages. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020; 2020: 7436920.
40. Wahab A, Jacob J, Manjunath G G. et al. Vineet Kumar Singh, Cycloolivil, a lignan from the roots of Stereospermum suaveolens Pharmacognosy Res. 2015 Jan-Mar; 7(1): 45–48.
41. Balasubramanian T, Chatterjee TK, Sarkar M, Meena SL. Anti-inflammatory effect of Stereospermum suaveolens ethanol extract in rats. Pharm Biol. 48:318–23.
42. Kulkarni Y. A. Veeranjaneyulu A Toxicological Evaluation of the Methanol Extract of Gmelina arborea Roxb. Bark in Mice and Rats Toxicol Int. 2012 May-Aug; 19(2): 125–131.
43. Shukla S H, Saluja A K, Pandya s S. Modulating effect of Gmelina arborea Linn. on immunosuppressed albino rats Pharmacognosy Res. 2010 Nov-Dec; 2(6): 359–363.
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which is explained under name Janapadodhwamsa or Maraka, It is explained in detail as an independent chapter in various classical texts. As per description Ayurvedic literature described their mechanism of Aetiology (Nidana), various factors affecting severity and actions complicating illnesses along with their management and preventive method. In this article,An attempt is made to describe it as per our classical science, which assert the superiority of host susceptibility (Nija) over External Agent/Virus (Agantuja) and uses the same principles in prevention. In this article an attempt is made to understand different stage of COVID-19 under Jwara.
rrjohp maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
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By [foreach 286]n
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Gyanendra Kumar Gupta, Gagan Devi
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Professor and Head, Assistant Professor,Department of Kriya Sharir, RK Institute of Ayurvedic Medical Sciences, Department of Rachna Sharir, RK Institute of Ayurvedic Medical Sciences,Uttar Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,India, India
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Abstract
nwhich is explained under name Janapadodhwamsa or Maraka, It is explained in detail as an independent chapter in various classical texts. As per description Ayurvedic literature described their mechanism of Aetiology (Nidana), various factors affecting severity and actions complicating illnesses along with their management and preventive method. In this article,An attempt is made to describe it as per our classical science, which assert the superiority of host susceptibility (Nija) over External Agent/Virus (Agantuja) and uses the same principles in prevention. In this article an attempt is made to understand different stage of COVID-19 under Jwara.n
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Keywords: Epidemics, Janapadodhwamsa, Maraka, Nidana, Agantuja, Ahara, Antiviral and Jwara.
Aplastic anaemia (AA) was first described by Ehrlich in 1888. It is characterized by peripheral blood pancytopenia. In the management of severe aplastic anaemia, general measures and supportive care as well as therapy with corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, immune suppressive and lithium have so far failed to prolong the survival in severe aplastic anaemia. A 22-year-old female patient came to government ayurved hospital for further treatment of hyperplastic marrow. She was given first classical Virechana after that Shamana treatment done with Dadimadhya Ghrita, Balchaturbhadra Churna, Trikatu Churna, Samsamani vati, Bhumi Amalki Swarasa, Punarnava Mandura, Vasa Ghanavati and Majja Ghrita. After Panchkarma and Shamana treatment a significant improvement in all symptoms had felt by the lady. Though the hematological parameters were not improved but this case study have enlightened the fact that with ayurvedic principles, aplastic anemia can be managed.
joayush maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
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By [foreach 286]n
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Bhavisha Sheladiya, Ram Shukla, Sagar Purohit
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P.G. Scholar, Professor,Department of Panchkarma, Govt. Akhandanand Ayurved College, Department of Panchkarma, Govt Akhandanand Ayurved College,Gujarat, Gujarat,India, India
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Abstract
nAplastic anaemia (AA) was first described by Ehrlich in 1888. It is characterized by peripheral blood pancytopenia. In the management of severe aplastic anaemia, general measures and supportive care as well as therapy with corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, immune suppressive and lithium have so far failed to prolong the survival in severe aplastic anaemia. A 22-year-old female patient came to government ayurved hospital for further treatment of hyperplastic marrow. She was given first classical Virechana after that Shamana treatment done with Dadimadhya Ghrita, Balchaturbhadra Churna, Trikatu Churna, Samsamani vati, Bhumi Amalki Swarasa, Punarnava Mandura, Vasa Ghanavati and Majja Ghrita. After Panchkarma and Shamana treatment a significant improvement in all symptoms had felt by the lady. Though the hematological parameters were not improved but this case study have enlightened the fact that with ayurvedic principles, aplastic anemia can be managed.n
