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nAnemia among under-five children is an important concern for the health authorities in India. Untreated anemia in children can have a serious effect on their growth. Spirulina is blue-green algae. It contains protein, iron, vitamins, and minerals. It is aimed at a quasi-experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of spirulina with lemon juice on anemia among under-five children in selected schools at Madurai, Tamilnadu. Quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was used. 150 children were participated. All children were aged between 2–4 years. Pre-test was done. The researcher administered spirulina (1 gm) with lemon juice (50 ml) to the experimental group. Post- test I and II were conducted for both groups. Following apparatus was used for data collection such as Shali’s haemoglobinometer. Observation checklist used to identify signs, and symptoms of anemia. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the findings. In the experimental group, the signs and symptoms of anemia mean post-test I score was lesser (2.4) than mean pre-test score (4.56). The obtained (F value-18.8, p-value 0.000***) and the mean post-test I haemoglobin value was higher (9.77) than mean pre-test score (8.99). The obtained (F value-715, p-value 0.000***) were very highly significant. Based on haemoglobin (student’s t-test = 7.194, p-0.000***) and observation checklist on signs, and symptoms of anemia (student’s t-test = -4.690, p-0.019*), it concluded that spirulina with lemon juice was effective in reducing signs and symptoms of anemia, and improved haemoglobin level among under-five children.n

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1. https://www.who.int/health-topics/anaemia#
2. Ashraf M. Sharoba. (Dec 2014) “Nutritional value of spirulina and its use in the preparation of some complementary baby food for formulas”. Journal of food and dairy sciences volume 20, issue 4, page No 330–350. DOI:10.21608/jfds.2014.53033 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273259635_Nutritional_value_of_spirulina
3. Jennifer Adler. (2013, Feb 15). Spirulina: The super food. Publication: Bottom line personal https://bottomlineinc.com/life/superfoods/spirulina-the-superfood-youve-never-heard-of
4. Helen west RD (2019 Jan7) 6 evidence based health benefits of lemons https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/6-lemon-health-benefit
5. Fehmida Iyer Visnagarwala (2017 Aug 23). The benefits of spirulina for anemia and iron deficiency https://grow-organic-spirulina.com/
6. Abed, E., Ihab, A.N., Suliman, E., & Mahmoud, A. “Impact of Spirulina on Nutritional Status, Haematological Profile and anemia Status in Malnourished Children in the Gaza Strip: Randomized Clinical Trial”. Journal of maternal and pediatric nutrition. May 2016, Volume 2, Issue 2, Page no: 2–6 doi: 10.4172/2472–1182.1000110 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309163414_
7. Ammatul Fathima & Sangita Srivastava “Efficacy of iron-rich biscuits on the haemoglobin status of the patients in Allahabad”. International journal of home science. Aus 2016, volume 2, issues 3, page no: 65- 67 ISSN: 2395–7476 www.homesciencejournal.com
8. Prashanth Thankachan P, Walczyk T, Muthayya S, Kurpad AV, Hurrell RF. Iron absorption in young Indian women: the interaction of iron status with the influence of tea and ascorbic acid. Am J Clin Nutr (2008) 87 (4) 881–6 DOI:10.1093ajcn/87.4 881
9. Dorothy Apondi Othoo, Sophie ochola, Elizabeth kuria and Judith kimiywe (2021 Nov) Impact of Spirulina corn soy blend on Iron deficient children aged 6–23 months in Ndhiwa Sub-County Kenya: a randomized controlled trial, BMC Nutrition https://bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40795-021–00472-w
10. Prakash V Kotecha. (2011, Jan). Nutritional anemia in young children with a focus on Asia and India. Indian journal of community medicine, 36(1): 8–16 doi: 10.4103/0970–0218.80786 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3104701/

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Abstract

nTobacco is derived from the leaves of the genus Nicotiana. The plant is a part of the genus Nicotiana & the Solanceae family. The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threads, the world has ever faced. Aim: To assess the knowledge on ill effects of tobacco among male population age 20-30 years. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at selected area of Lakhimpur, Assam. By using non probability convenience sampling technique 30 male population age 20-30 years were interviewed by administering structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings of the study revealed that out of 30 participants, 36.67% male populations have poor knowledge and 63.33% have average knowledge on ill effects of tobacco use. It was found that there was no significant association between knowledge of the male population regarding ill effects of tobacco use with selected demographic variables.n

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1. WHO. Department of health statistics and informatics. Health effects of tobacco. 2001. Available from: URL:http://www.bpni.org.
2. Environmet and health. American journal of cancer prevention, 2014; 5: p:29-30. Available from: URL:http://web.archieve.org/web/20131007000521.
3. Samal R, Sagar B. “Study of knowledge regarding ill effects of smoking among current male smokers at Cochin, Kerala”. Annals of tropical medicine and public health. 2013; 6 (3): p 389-91.
4. The history of tobacco. WHO. Available from: URL:http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/smoking.
5. Anitha R, Roshan M, Shivakumar M. “A substantive review on tobacco use among school going adolescents in India”. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2013: 3(1): p 7-11.
6. Gururaj G. Girish N. “Tobacco use amongst children in Karnataka”. Indian J Pediatr. 2007; 74: p 1095-8.
7. Singh, Vijayakumar N, Jain M, Priyadarshini HR. “Tobacco use among high school children in Bangalore, India: A study of knowledge, attitude and practice”. Indian J Cancer. 2015: 52; p 690-3.
8. Yadiyal A, Mittal S, Shenoy N, Chopra A, Mitra P. “Tobacco use among undergraduates of a private medical college in Mangalore: knowledge, attitude and practice”. Int J Sci Res Publ. 2015; 5: p 1-8.
9. George RM, Thomas T. “Perceptions and practice of tobacco use among adolescents of Manglore city”. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent. 2018; 16(3): p 242-5.
10. Felicia H. Knowledge on harmful effects of tobacco use among adolescent at rural California among American Indian [online]. 2012 [cited 2012, Sep]. Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/fctc/reporting/summaryanalysis/en/index.html. p. 546-59.

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nBackground- “Anxiety is a silent & complex phenomenon in the field of laughter teaching”. Test anxiety as an aspect of anxiety happens when an individual experiences a feeling of apprehension & uneasiness before, during and after a certain exam. Aim and Objectives- To assess the effect of Laughter therapy on test anxiety among BSc Nursing first year students and to associate test anxiety score with demographic variables. Methodology-An experimental one group pre-test, post-test research design, done on 50 B.Sc. Nursing first year students at college of Nursing Meerut. The Purposive sampling technique was used & standardized Sarason’s test anxiety scale used to evaluate the level of test anxiety before and after intervention (Laughter therapy). The data collected was analysed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results- The study result shows that, mean pre-test test anxiety score was high and mean post test score was less than both tests indicated that the laughter therapy on Test anxiety among nursing students is effective.n

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1. Demer M effect of laughter therapy on text anxiety, stress, depression, and quality of life in cancer patient, Journal cancer; (2005); SCI 7:272-273
2. KOH, Youn C effect of laughter therapy on cognition and sleep among the community. Dwelling elderly geriatric & international (2011); 11:267-269
3. Han H, Park A, Kim HS, Moon H The effect of laughter, Therapy on stress responses in patients with preoperative breast cancer, Journal Korean on col Nurse (2011); 11:93100
4. Yazdani M, Razaei S, Pahlavanzadeh S, The effectiveness of stress management training program on depression, anxiety, and stress of the nursing students. Iran J Nursing Midwifery Res. 2010;15;208-15.
5. Kang YS, Choi SY, Ryu E. The effectiveness of a stress coping program based on the mindfulness meditation on the stress, anxiety and depression experienced by nursing students in Korea. Nurse Education Today. 2009; 29:538-43 (PubMed) (Google Scholar).
6. Sturt G. 9th education United States: Mosby; Principle and practice of psychiatric nursing 2009; pp 553-6 (Google Scholar)
7. Jain RK, Aras RY. Depression in geriatric population urban slums of Mumbai. Indian J pub health. 2007; 51:112-3
8. Tiwari Sc. Geriatric psychiatric morbidity in rural northern India; implications for the future. Int psychogeriatrics 2000; 12:35-48
9. Laishram Montina Devi assess the effectiveness of laughter therapy versus medication on stress, international journal of nursing education, 2019 DOI 10.5958/0974-9357.2019.00092.8
10. Melike DEMİR DOĞAN The Effect of Laughter Therapy on Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis Holistic Nursing Practice 34(1) DOI:10.1097/HNP.0000000000000363

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nOne of the major public health problems in 21st century is diabetes mellitus. In developed as well as developing countries the prevalence of diabetes is increasing day by day. Diabetes is considered as one of the most common causes of death and disabilities by WHO and IDF. It is a serious, long-term metabolic disorder with a major impact on the lives and well-being of individuals, families, and societies worldwide. The patients suffering with diabetes are more susceptible to develop depression than nondiabetic patient. Coexistence of depression in diabetes mellitus is having bidirectional adverse relationship and is associated with poor glycemic control, functional disabilities, diabetic complications leading to higher mortality and morbidity. Keeping these facts and findings in mind this review work focused on prevalence and impact of depression in patient with diabetes and the management strategies. Significant number of articles published in last 10 years have been reviewed to achieve this. This present article is an attempt to focus the importance of detection of depression in individual with diabetes in diabetic management for better outcome.n

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1. India Today Web Desk. Diabetes epidemic: 98 million people in India may have type 2 diabetes by 2030. Diabetes-World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes.
2. Khan ZD, Lutale J, Moledina SM. Prevalence of depression and associated factors among diabetic patients in an outpatient diabetes clinic. Psychiatry J. 2019 Jan15;2083196. doi:10.1155/2019/2083196.
3. Egede LE, Ellis C. Diabetes and Depression: Global Perspectives. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010 March; 87(3):302-12. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.01.024.
4. Holt R IG, Groot MD, Lucki I, Hunter CM, Sartorius N, Golden SH. NIDDK International Conference Report on Diabetes and Depression: Current Understanding and Future Directions.Diabetes Care. 2014 Aug; 37(8): 2067–2077. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2134.
5. Lloyd CE, Nouwen A, Sartorius N, Ahmed HU, Alvarez A, Bahendeka S et al. Prevalence and correlates of depressive disorders in people with Type 2 diabetes: results from the International Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes and Depression (INTERPRET‐ DD) study, a collaborative study carried out in 14 countries. Diabet Med. 2018 Jun;35(6):760-769. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13611
6. Engidaw NA, Wubetu AD, Basha EA. Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus at Tirunesh-Beijing general hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2020;20: Article number 266
7. Alajmani DSA, Alkaabi AM, Alhosani MW, Folad AA, Abdouli FA, Carrick FR et al. Prevalence of Undiagnosed Depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Front. Endocrinol. 2019 May 03;10: Article 259. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00259
8. Briganti CP, Silva MT, Almeida JV, Bergamaschi CC. Association between diabetes mellitus and depressive symptoms in the Brazilian population. Rev Saude Publica. 2018 Dec 20;53(5)1-10. doi: 10.11606/S1518-8787.2019053000608.
9. Sunny AK, Khanal VK, Sah RB, Ghimire A (2019) Depression among people living with type 2 diabetes in an urbanizing community of Nepal. PLoS ONE. 2019 June 10;14(6):e0218119. doi: org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218119.
10. Eker S. Prevalence of Depression Symptoms in Diabetes Mellitus. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018 Feb 11;6(2):340–343. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.085.
11. Salinero Fort MA, Campelo PG, Andres-Rebollo FJS, Valladolid JC, Abanades Herranz JC,Santa Pau EC et al. Prevalence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Spain (the DIADEMA Study): results from the MADIABETES cohort. BMJ Open. 2018; 8(9):e020768. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020768s.
12. Wang Y, Yang H, Nolan M, Burgess J, Negishi K, Marwick TH. Association of depression with evolution of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018 Jan 24; 17:19 doi: 10.1186/s12933-018-0664-5.
13. Mishra AK, Kumar S, Ahmad A, Kumar G, Singh KK. Prevalence of Depression in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Determinants. International Journal of Scientific Study. 2017 July; 5 (4): 151 –154. Print ISSN: 2321-6379. doi: 10.17354/ijss/2017/354.
14. Dahal P, Balamurugan G, Basavaraja AU. Prevalence and Predictors of Depression among Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Population. J Psychiatry, an open access journal, 2017;20 (6). doi:10.4172/2378-5756.1000430.
15. Nanayakkara N, Pease A, Ranasinha S, Wischer N, Andrikopoulos S, Speight J et al. Depression and diabetes distress in adults with type 2 diabetes: results from the Australian National Diabetes Audit (ANDA) 2016. 2018 May 18; 8:7846. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26138-5
16. Groot MD, Doyle T, Averyt J, Risaliti C, ShubrookJ. Depressive symptoms and type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural appalachia: an 18-month follow-up study. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2015; 48(4):263–277. doi: 10.2190/PM.48.4.c.
17. Morán EA, Satylganova A, OruetaJF, Nuño-Solinis R. Prevalence of depression in adults with type 2 diabetes in the Basque Country: relationship with glycaemic control and health care costs. BMC Public Health 2014, 14:769. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/769.
18. Calvin JLR, Gaviria AZ, Martín Ríos MD. Prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rev Clin Esp. 2015 April;215(3):156-64. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2014.10.010.
19. Niraula K, Kohrt BA, Flora MS, Thapa N, Mumu SJ, Pathak R et al. Prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among persons with type-2 diabetes mellitus without a prior psychiatric history: a cross-sectional study in clinical settings in urban Nepal. BMC Psychiatry. 2013; 13: 309. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-309.
20. Roy T, Lloy CE. Epidemiology of depression and diabetes: a systematic review. J Affect Disord.
2012 Oct;142 Suppl: S8-21. Available from: doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(12)70004-6.
21. Raval A, Dhanaraj E, Bhansali A, Grover S, Tiwari P. Prevalence, and determinants of depression in type 2 diabetes patients in a tertiary care centre. Indian J Med Res. 2010 Aug; 132:195-200. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(12)70004-6
22. Poongothai S, Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Ganesan A, Unnikrishnan R Rema M et al. Association of depression with complications of type 2 diabetes–the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES- 102). J Assoc Physicians India. 2011 Oct; 59:644-8. PMID: 22479744
23. Alzoubi A, Abunaser R, Khassawneh A, Alfaqih M, Khasawneh A, Abdo N. The Bidirectional Relationship between Diabetes and Depression: A Literature Review. Korean J Fam Med. 2018 May;39(3):137-146. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.2018.39.3.137
24. Adam J, Folds C. Depression, Self-efficacy, and Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. 2014;10(9):646-652. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2014.07.033
25. Elizabeth H.B, Rutter CM, Katon, W, Heckbert SR, Ciechanowski P, Oliver MM et al.Depression and Advanced Complications of Diabetes, A prospective cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2010 Feb;33(2):264-269. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1068
26. Andreoulakis E, Hyphantis T, Kandylis D, Lacovides A. Depression in diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive review. Hippokratia. 2012 July –Sept;16(3):205-214 PMCID: PMC3738724
27. Hoffman M, Köhler B, Leichsenring F, Kruse J. Depression as a risk factor for mortality in individuals with diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. PloS one. 2013 Nov 21;8(11):e79809. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079809
28. Wu CS, Hsu LY, Hang SH. Association of depression and diabetes complications and mortality: a population-based cohort study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020 Jan;29: e96. doi:10.1017/S2045796020000049.
29. Gregory JM, Rosenblat JD, McIntyre RS. Deconstructing Diabetes and Depression: Clinical Context, Treatment Strategies, and New Directions. 2016 April 13. doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20150040
30. Hermanns N, Caputo S, Dzida G, Khunti K, Meneghini LF, Snoek F. Screening, evaluation and management of depression in people with diabetes in primary care. Prim Care Diabetes. 2013 Apr;7(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2012.11.002.
31. Safren SA, Gonzalez JS, Wexler DJ, Psaros C, Delahanty LM, Blashill AJ et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(3):625-33. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0816
32. Huang Y, Wei X, Wu T, Chen R, Guo A. Collaborative care for patients with depression and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Oct; 13:260. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-260
33. Atlantis E, Fahey P, FosterJ. Collaborative care for comorbid depression and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014 Apr; 4: e004706. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004706
34. Naik AD, Hundt NE, Vaughan EM, Petersen NJ, Zeno D; Kunik ME et al. Effect of Telephone-Delivered Collaborative Goal Setting and Behavioral Activation vs Enhanced Usual Care for Depression Among Adults with Uncontrolled Diabetes A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Network Open. 2019;2(8): e198634. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8634
35. Lyles CR, Harris LT, Le T, flowers J, Tuffano J, Britt D et al. Qualitative Evaluation of a Mobile Phone and Web-Based Collaborative Care Intervention for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics.2011;13(5) doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0200
36. Hermanns N, Caputo S, Dzida G, Khunti K, Meneghini LF, Snoek F. Screening, evaluation and management of depression in people with diabetes in primary care. Prim Care Diabetes. 2013 Apr;7(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2012.11.002
37. Stratten VA, Hill J, Richards DA, Cuijpers P. Stepped care treatment delivery for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine. 2015 Jan;45(2):231-46. Available from: doi: 10.1017/S0033291714000701
38. Stoop CH, .Nefs G, Pommer AM, Pop VJM, Pouwer F. Journal of Affective Disorders. Effectiveness of a stepped care intervention for anxiety and depression in people with diabetes, asthma or COPD in primary care: A randomized controlled trial 2015 Sept; 184:269-276. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.063
39. Darwish L, Beroncal E, Sison MV, Swardfager W. Depression in people with type 2 diabetes: current perspectives. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2018 July; 11: 333–343. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S106797.
40. Rathod S, Pinninti N, Irfan M, Gorczynski P, Rathod P, Gega L et al. Mental Health Service Provision in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. Health Serv Insights. 2017 Mar 28;10:1178632917694350. doi: 10.1177/1178632917694350.

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Abstract

nIntroduction: Ayushman Bharat Yojna or Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna or National Health Protection Scheme is a national scheme that aimed at making necessary intervention in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Health care system, in a holistic fashion. It was launched in 2018 under the agencies of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India. Aim of the study: The present study is aimed to assess the knowledge and utilization regarding Ayushman Bharat Yojna among the adults living in selected areas of Distt. Tarn Taran, Punjab. Materials and Methods: Through the convenience sampling, 200 adults were selected and 3 self – structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Results: The majority of adults i.e., 50 % were having average knowledge regarding Ayushman Bharat Yojna, 30.5% of them had good knowledge regarding the scheme whereas 14.5% had poor and 5% had excellent knowledge. Only 38% people are availing services under ABSSY. The majority of the population (75%) refers to government hospital for their treatment. The frequency of the population facing problem is 50%. The Major problem faced by the community members during the treatment is wastage of time constituting 40.90%. The study revealed that a statistically significant relationship was found between knowledge and family size at p<0.05. Conclusion:The findings of the study revealed that adults had average knowledge regarding Ayushman Bharat Yojna .Thus, information pamphlet’s were developed and distributed that would be helpful to enhance knowledge regarding the scheme.n

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1. Shankar Prinja (2019) 10 benefits of the PMJAY Ayushman Bharat Yojna every Indian should know, India. Available from https://www.bajajfinserv.in/insights/10-benefits-of-the-pmjay- ayushman-bharat-yojana-that-every-indian-should-know
2. Angell J Blake, Gupt Anandi, Stephen (2019) The Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan ArogyaYojna. Available at: https://www.google.com/url?q=https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article id%3D10.1371/journal.pmed.1002759&usg=AOvVaw3wgzYIbHPZdE4e5HxGSMAc
3. Sharma Chandra Neetu (2019) To find Ayushman Bharat, govt. plans to evaluate cost of healthfirst: Mint paper. Available at:https://www.livemint.com/politics/policy/to-fund-ayushman bharat-govt-plans-to-evaluate-cost-of-health-services-first-1552333564482.html
4. Kesri VR, Gosh S(2020) Health financing for universal health coverage Available from the website: https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/ayushman-bharat-national-health-protection mission
5. Dr. V.Pugazhenthi, “A study on awareness on AB-PMJAY for treatment of diseases with specialreference to cancer care in Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu”, IJMR, vol 7, issue 2; February 2021.
6. Vishnu Priya Sriee G.V and G. Rakesh Maiya, “Coverage, utilization and impact of AyushmanBharat scheme among rural field practice area of Saveetha Medical college and Hospital, Chennai”;Journal of family medicine and Primary Care; 2021 March; 10 (3): 1171-76.
7. Joseph J, Sankar D. H, Nambiar D. Empanelment of health care facilities under Ayushman BharatPradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) in India. Goli S, editor. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 2021 May 27 [cited 2022 Feb 21];16(5):e0251814. Available from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34043664/
8. Dang A, Dang D, Vallish BN. Importance of Evidence-Based Health Insurance Reimbursementand Health Technology Assessment for achieving Universal Health Coverage and Improved Accessto Health in India. Value in Health Regional Issues [Internet]. 2021 May [cited 2022 Feb 21];24:24–30. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33476860/
9. Prinja S, Singh MP, Rajsekar K, Sachin O, Gedam P, Nagar A, et al. Translating Research to Policy: Setting Provider Payment Rates for Strategic Purchasing under India’s National Publicly Financed Health Insurance Scheme. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy [Internet]. 2021 Jan 19[cited 2022 Feb 21];19(3):353–70. Available from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33462775/
10. Saksena N, Matthan R, Bhan A, Balsari S. Rebooting consent in the digital age: a governance framework for health data exchange. BMJ Global Health [Internet]. 2021 Jul [cited 2022 Feb
21];6(Suppl 5):e005057. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34301754/

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International Journal of Nursing Science Practice and Research

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[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2455-6351[/if 344]

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[if 1193 equals=””][else][/if] 

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