IJMA

Ability of Metallic Materials to Resist Surface Damage Induced by High-temperature Action of Air or other Gaseous Mediums

[{“box”:0,”content”:”

n

n

 > 

n

n

 > 

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

By [foreach 286]u00a0

u00a0Ahmad Faraz,

[/foreach]
nJanuary 9, 2023 at 10:46 am

n

nAbstract

n

The features of the oxide layer scale that forms on the metal’s surface and limits gas penetration into the metal, limiting the growth of gaseous corrosion, influence a metal’s or alloy’s oxidation resistance in an oxidizing atmosphere. The rise in weight of sample being tested (due to oxygen uptake by the metal) or even the weight loss after removing the scale from the sample’s surface, related to a unit surface and the time of the experiment are the quantitative aspects of oxidation resistance. The surface state of the sample or component is taken into account at the same time; this may vary subjectively even though its quantitative qualities are the same. Oxidation resistance, like heat resistance, is a basic requirement for a material’s fitness for high-temperature use. For many applications, strong oxidizing resistance of hard composite coatings is just as crucial as thermal stability. The chemical nature of the film has a significant impact on its high-T oxidation resistance. The creation of a persistent, passive, void-free oxide layer on the film’s surface is a very effective method for improving high-T oxidation resistance. As a result, films with components that quickly produce oxides and stabilize amorphous phases have greater oxidation resistance. Recent experiments indicate that the value of Si in a film has a significant impact on its high-temperature oxidation durability. The structure of films has a significant impact on oxidation resistance. It is generally known that films with a little amount of additional components (less than 5%) have a well- developed columnar microstructure. These films have holes between columns that connect the film’s surface to the substrate directly. As a result, these films have a poorer oxidation resistance and significantly thicker oxide layers than films with a higher added element content.

n

n

n

n

Volume :u00a0u00a08 | Issue :u00a0u00a01 | Received :u00a0u00a0April 5, 2022 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0May 15, 2022 | Published :u00a0u00a0May 23, 2022n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys(ijma)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Ability of Metallic Materials to Resist Surface Damage Induced by High-temperature Action of Air or other Gaseous Mediums under section in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys(ijma)] [/if 424]
Keywords Corrosion, metal surface, oxide layer, surface, reduction

n

n

n

n

n


n[if 992 equals=”Transformative”]

n

n

Full Text

n

n

n

[/if 992][if 992 not_equal=”Transformative”]

n

n

Full Text

n

n

n

[/if 992] n


nn

[if 379 not_equal=””]n

[foreach 379]n

n[/foreach]

n[/if 379]

n

References

n[if 1104 equals=””]n

1. Gray JE, Luan B. Protective coatings on magnesium and its alloys—A critical review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. Apr 2002; 336(1–2): 88–113.
2. Grundmeier G, Reinartz C, Rohwerder M, Stratmann M. Corrosion properties of chemically modified metal surfaces. Electrochimica Acta. 1998; 43(1–2): 165–174.
3. Zhang YB, Tan YW, Stormer HL, Kim P. Experimental observation of the quantum hall effect and Berry’s phase in graphene. Nature. 2005; 438(7065): 201–204.
4. Bose S. High temperature coatings. Butterworth-Heinemann Publications; 2011.
5. Sadeghi E, Markocsan N, Joshi S. Advances in corrosion-resistant thermal spray coatings for renewable energy power plants. Part I: Effect of composition and microstructure. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. Dec 2019; 28(8): 1749–1788.
6. Fu Y, Wei J, Batchelor AW. Some considerations on the mitigation of fretting damage by the application of surface-modification technologies. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. Mar 2000; 99(1–3): 231–245.
7. Taylor CD, Tossey BM. High temperature oxidation of corrosion resistant alloys from machine learning. npj Materials Degradation. Jul 2021; 5(1): 1–0.
8. Rebak RL, Crook P. Influence of the environment on the general corrosion rate of alloy 22 (N06022). ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference 2004 Jan 1 (Vol. 46784, pp. 131–136).
9. Wellman RG, Nicholls JR. High temperature erosion-oxidation mechanisms, maps and models. Wear. May 2004; 256(9–10): 907–917.
10. Kofstad P, Lillerud KP. On high temperature oxidation of chromium: II. Properties of and the oxidation mechanism of chromium. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. Nov 1980; 127(11): 2410.
11. Shoemaker LE, Crum JR, Muro RA. Advanced super-austenitic stainless steel an economical alternative to nickel-base corrosion-resistant alloys. In corrosion 2009 2009 Mar. One Petro.

nn[/if 1104] [if 1104 not_equal=””]n

    [foreach 1102]n t

  1. [if 1106 equals=””], [/if 1106][if 1106 not_equal=””], [/if 1106]
  2. n[/foreach]

n[/if 1104]

n[if 1114 equals=”Yes”]n

n[/if 1114]

n

n

[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

n

International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys

ISSN: 2456-5113

Editors Overview

ijma maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

n

“},{“box”:4,”content”:”

n“},{“box”:1,”content”:”

    By  [foreach 286]n

  1. n

    Ahmad Faraz

    n

  2. [/foreach]

n

    [foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t

  1. Student,Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management,Uttar Pradesh,India
  2. n[/if 1175][/foreach]

n

n

n

n

n

Abstract

nThe features of the oxide layer scale that forms on the metal’s surface and limits gas penetration into the metal, limiting the growth of gaseous corrosion, influence a metal’s or alloy’s oxidation resistance in an oxidizing atmosphere. The rise in weight of sample being tested (due to oxygen uptake by the metal) or even the weight loss after removing the scale from the sample’s surface, related to a unit surface and the time of the experiment are the quantitative aspects of oxidation resistance. The surface state of the sample or component is taken into account at the same time; this may vary subjectively even though its quantitative qualities are the same. Oxidation resistance, like heat resistance, is a basic requirement for a material’s fitness for high-temperature use. For many applications, strong oxidizing resistance of hard composite coatings is just as crucial as thermal stability. The chemical nature of the film has a significant impact on its high-T oxidation resistance. The creation of a persistent, passive, void-free oxide layer on the film’s surface is a very effective method for improving high-T oxidation resistance. As a result, films with components that quickly produce oxides and stabilize amorphous phases have greater oxidation resistance. Recent experiments indicate that the value of Si in a film has a significant impact on its high-temperature oxidation durability. The structure of films has a significant impact on oxidation resistance. It is generally known that films with a little amount of additional components (less than 5%) have a well- developed columnar microstructure. These films have holes between columns that connect the film’s surface to the substrate directly. As a result, these films have a poorer oxidation resistance and significantly thicker oxide layers than films with a higher added element content.n

n

n

Keywords: Corrosion, metal surface, oxide layer, surface, reduction

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys(ijma)]

n[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys(ijma)] [/if 424]

n

n

n


n[if 992 equals=”Transformative”]n

n

n

Full Text

n

n

nn[/if 992]n[if 992 not_equal=”Transformative”]n

n

Full Text

n

n

n

n


[/if 992]n[if 379 not_equal=””]

Browse Figures

n

n

[foreach 379]n

n[/foreach]

n

[/if 379]n

n

References

n[if 1104 equals=””]

1. Gray JE, Luan B. Protective coatings on magnesium and its alloys—A critical review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. Apr 2002; 336(1–2): 88–113.
2. Grundmeier G, Reinartz C, Rohwerder M, Stratmann M. Corrosion properties of chemically modified metal surfaces. Electrochimica Acta. 1998; 43(1–2): 165–174.
3. Zhang YB, Tan YW, Stormer HL, Kim P. Experimental observation of the quantum hall effect and Berry’s phase in graphene. Nature. 2005; 438(7065): 201–204.
4. Bose S. High temperature coatings. Butterworth-Heinemann Publications; 2011.
5. Sadeghi E, Markocsan N, Joshi S. Advances in corrosion-resistant thermal spray coatings for renewable energy power plants. Part I: Effect of composition and microstructure. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. Dec 2019; 28(8): 1749–1788.
6. Fu Y, Wei J, Batchelor AW. Some considerations on the mitigation of fretting damage by the application of surface-modification technologies. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. Mar 2000; 99(1–3): 231–245.
7. Taylor CD, Tossey BM. High temperature oxidation of corrosion resistant alloys from machine learning. npj Materials Degradation. Jul 2021; 5(1): 1–0.
8. Rebak RL, Crook P. Influence of the environment on the general corrosion rate of alloy 22 (N06022). ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference 2004 Jan 1 (Vol. 46784, pp. 131–136).
9. Wellman RG, Nicholls JR. High temperature erosion-oxidation mechanisms, maps and models. Wear. May 2004; 256(9–10): 907–917.
10. Kofstad P, Lillerud KP. On high temperature oxidation of chromium: II. Properties of and the oxidation mechanism of chromium. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. Nov 1980; 127(11): 2410.
11. Shoemaker LE, Crum JR, Muro RA. Advanced super-austenitic stainless steel an economical alternative to nickel-base corrosion-resistant alloys. In corrosion 2009 2009 Mar. One Petro.

n[/if 1104][if 1104 not_equal=””]n

    [foreach 1102]n t

  1. [if 1106 equals=””], [/if 1106][if 1106 not_equal=””],[/if 1106]
  2. n[/foreach]

n[/if 1104]

n


n[if 1114 equals=”Yes”]n

n[/if 1114]”},{“box”:2,”content”:”

Regular Issue Open Access Article

n

n

n

n

n

International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys

n

[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2456-5113[/if 344]

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

Volume 8
Issue 1
Received April 5, 2022
Accepted May 15, 2022
Published May 23, 2022

n

n

n

n

Editor

n

n


n

Reviewer

n

n


n n

n”},{“box”:6,”content”:”“}]

Read More
IJMA

Adverse Effects of Copper Extraction on the Environment and Living Things

[{“box”:0,”content”:”

n

n

 > 

n

n

 > 

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

By [foreach 286]u00a0

u00a0Rishikesh Tiwari,

[/foreach]
nJanuary 9, 2023 at 10:55 am

n

nAbstract

n

The extraction procedures are known as heap and situ leaching; throughout these procedures, particles react with one another to produce acidic mists that not only hurt people’s skin, eyes, and lungs but also ruin crops, degrade the quality of the land, and injure surrounding structures. It tastes awful and stinks like acid dust. The ore typically needs to be beneficiated as with all mining processes. The methods of processing are determined by the type of ore. The ore is crushed and milled to separate the valuable minerals from the unwanted minerals if the ore is predominantly composed of sulphide copper minerals. Mineral flotation is then used to concentrate it. Even while some sizable mines have smelters close by, the concentrate is normally sold to far-off smelters next. When smaller smelters could be profitable, this collocation of mine and smelters was more common in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Only a minor portion of copper is present in the majority of copper ores. Gangue, which has no commercial value, makes up the remaining ore typically; exploration and extraction gangue contains oxides and silicate minerals. The technology for retrieving copper has advanced, and in certain cases, these tailings have been retracted. The typical copper content in copper ores nowadays is less than 0.6 percent copper, and minimum of 2% of the entire volume of the ore rock is made up of economically valuable ore minerals including copper. The separation of ore minerals from rock gangue minerals is a crucial goal in the metallurgical processing of any ore.

n

n

n

n

Volume :u00a0u00a08 | Issue :u00a0u00a01 | Received :u00a0u00a0May 28, 2022 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0June 7, 2022 | Published :u00a0u00a0June 28, 2022n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys(ijma)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Adverse Effects of Copper Extraction on the Environment and Living Things under section in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys(ijma)] [/if 424]
Keywords Copper, environmental impact, extraction, metallurgical, mining

n

n

n

n

n


n[if 992 equals=”Transformative”]

n

n

Full Text

n

n

n

[/if 992][if 992 not_equal=”Transformative”]

n

n

Full Text

n

n

n

[/if 992] n


nn

[if 379 not_equal=””]n

[foreach 379]n

n[/foreach]

n[/if 379]

n

References

n[if 1104 equals=””]n

1. Sardar K, Ali S, Hameed S, Afzal S, Fatima S, Shakoor MB, Bharwana SA, Tauqeer HM. Heavy metals contamination and what are the impacts on living organisms. Greener Journal of Environmental Management and Public Safety. Aug 2013; 2(4): 172–179.
2. Baby J, Raj JS, Biby ET, Sankarganesh P, Jeevitha MV, Ajisha SU, Rajan SS. Toxic effect of heavy metals on aquatic environment. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2010; 4(4).
3. He ZL, Yang XE, Stoffella PJ. Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment. Journal of Trace elements in Medicine and Biology. Dec 2005; 19(2–3): 125–140.
4. Cullberg G, Larsson B. Some adverse effects of copper-iud. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. Jan 1979; 58(1): 87–89.
5. Yang Z, Rui-Lin M, Wang-Dong N, Hui W. Selective leaching of base metals from copper smelter slag. Hydrometallurgy. Jun 2010; 103(1–4): 25–29.
6. Dudka S, Adriano DC. Environmental impacts of metal ore mining and processing: A review. Journal of Environmental Quality. May 1997; 26(3): 590–602.
7. Blowes DW. The environmental effects of mine wastes. In Proceedings of exploration 1997 (Vol. 97, pp. 887–892.
8. Ahmari S, Zhang L. Production of eco-friendly bricks from copper mine tailings through geopolymerization. Construction and Building Materials. Apr 2012; 29: 323–331.
9. Correa JA, Castilla JC, Ramírez M, Varas M, Lagos N, Vergara S, Moenne A, Román D, Brown MT. Copper, copper mine tailings, and their effect on marine algae in northern Chile. In Sixteenth International Seaweed Symposium 1999 (pp. 571–581). Springer, Dordrecht.
10. Yang J, Pan X, Zhao C, Mou S, Achal V, Al-Misned FA, Mortuza MG, Gadd GM. Bioimmobilization of heavy metals in acidic copper mine tailings soil. Geomicrobiology Journal. Mar 2016; 33(3–4): 261–266.

nn[/if 1104] [if 1104 not_equal=””]n

    [foreach 1102]n t

  1. [if 1106 equals=””], [/if 1106][if 1106 not_equal=””], [/if 1106]
  2. n[/foreach]

n[/if 1104]

n[if 1114 equals=”Yes”]n

n[/if 1114]

n

n

[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

n

International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys

ISSN: 2456-5113

Editors Overview

ijma maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

n

“},{“box”:4,”content”:”

n“},{“box”:1,”content”:”

    By  [foreach 286]n

  1. n

    Rishikesh Tiwari

    n

  2. [/foreach]

n

    [foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t

  1. Student,Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management,Uttar Pradesh,India
  2. n[/if 1175][/foreach]

n

n

n

n

n

Abstract

nThe extraction procedures are known as heap and situ leaching; throughout these procedures, particles react with one another to produce acidic mists that not only hurt people’s skin, eyes, and lungs but also ruin crops, degrade the quality of the land, and injure surrounding structures. It tastes awful and stinks like acid dust. The ore typically needs to be beneficiated as with all mining processes. The methods of processing are determined by the type of ore. The ore is crushed and milled to separate the valuable minerals from the unwanted minerals if the ore is predominantly composed of sulphide copper minerals. Mineral flotation is then used to concentrate it. Even while some sizable mines have smelters close by, the concentrate is normally sold to far-off smelters next. When smaller smelters could be profitable, this collocation of mine and smelters was more common in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Only a minor portion of copper is present in the majority of copper ores. Gangue, which has no commercial value, makes up the remaining ore typically; exploration and extraction gangue contains oxides and silicate minerals. The technology for retrieving copper has advanced, and in certain cases, these tailings have been retracted. The typical copper content in copper ores nowadays is less than 0.6 percent copper, and minimum of 2% of the entire volume of the ore rock is made up of economically valuable ore minerals including copper. The separation of ore minerals from rock gangue minerals is a crucial goal in the metallurgical processing of any ore.n

n

n

Keywords: Copper, environmental impact, extraction, metallurgical, mining

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys(ijma)]

n[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys(ijma)] [/if 424]

n

n

n


n[if 992 equals=”Transformative”]n

n

n

Full Text

n

n

nn[/if 992]n[if 992 not_equal=”Transformative”]n

n

Full Text

n

n

n

n


[/if 992]n[if 379 not_equal=””]

Browse Figures

n

n

[foreach 379]n

n[/foreach]

n

[/if 379]n

n

References

n[if 1104 equals=””]

1. Sardar K, Ali S, Hameed S, Afzal S, Fatima S, Shakoor MB, Bharwana SA, Tauqeer HM. Heavy metals contamination and what are the impacts on living organisms. Greener Journal of Environmental Management and Public Safety. Aug 2013; 2(4): 172–179.
2. Baby J, Raj JS, Biby ET, Sankarganesh P, Jeevitha MV, Ajisha SU, Rajan SS. Toxic effect of heavy metals on aquatic environment. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2010; 4(4).
3. He ZL, Yang XE, Stoffella PJ. Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment. Journal of Trace elements in Medicine and Biology. Dec 2005; 19(2–3): 125–140.
4. Cullberg G, Larsson B. Some adverse effects of copper-iud. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. Jan 1979; 58(1): 87–89.
5. Yang Z, Rui-Lin M, Wang-Dong N, Hui W. Selective leaching of base metals from copper smelter slag. Hydrometallurgy. Jun 2010; 103(1–4): 25–29.
6. Dudka S, Adriano DC. Environmental impacts of metal ore mining and processing: A review. Journal of Environmental Quality. May 1997; 26(3): 590–602.
7. Blowes DW. The environmental effects of mine wastes. In Proceedings of exploration 1997 (Vol. 97, pp. 887–892.
8. Ahmari S, Zhang L. Production of eco-friendly bricks from copper mine tailings through geopolymerization. Construction and Building Materials. Apr 2012; 29: 323–331.
9. Correa JA, Castilla JC, Ramírez M, Varas M, Lagos N, Vergara S, Moenne A, Román D, Brown MT. Copper, copper mine tailings, and their effect on marine algae in northern Chile. In Sixteenth International Seaweed Symposium 1999 (pp. 571–581). Springer, Dordrecht.
10. Yang J, Pan X, Zhao C, Mou S, Achal V, Al-Misned FA, Mortuza MG, Gadd GM. Bioimmobilization of heavy metals in acidic copper mine tailings soil. Geomicrobiology Journal. Mar 2016; 33(3–4): 261–266.

n[/if 1104][if 1104 not_equal=””]n

    [foreach 1102]n t

  1. [if 1106 equals=””], [/if 1106][if 1106 not_equal=””],[/if 1106]
  2. n[/foreach]

n[/if 1104]

n


n[if 1114 equals=”Yes”]n

n[/if 1114]”},{“box”:2,”content”:”

Regular Issue Open Access Article

n

n

n

n

n

International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys

n

[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2456-5113[/if 344]

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

Volume 8
Issue 1
Received May 28, 2022
Accepted June 7, 2022
Published June 28, 2022

n

n

n

n

Editor

n

n


n

Reviewer

n

n


n n

n”},{“box”:6,”content”:”“}]

Read More
IJMA

Effect of Indigenous Micros on Metal Corrosion in Different Water Environment

[{“box”:0,”content”:”

n

n

 > 

n

n

 > 

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

By [foreach 286]u00a0

u00a0Ukpaka C.P., Chie-Amadi G.O., Nwosi A.S., Chuku B.,

[/foreach]
nJanuary 9, 2023 at 8:45 am

n

nAbstract

n

The research on the effect of indigenous micros on metal corrosion in different water environment in life sciences and other fields as well as their significance was investigated. Mild Steel is one of the construction materials used in the industries. It has a young modulus of 200GNm-2. This paper focuses on the experimental study for the effect of indigenous micros on metals in different water environment and also of the corrosion behavior and mechanism for mild steel in three different media namely:, rain water, Salt water, Fresh water. Indeed, this research illustrates the effect of micros in metal corrosion as media characterization contributes to the rapid increase in population. The research revealed that the rain water is more acidic followed by salt water and lastly the fresh water medium. Based on this observation the micros activities were high in the rain water medium revealing high degradation in the metal specimen sampled, followed by metal specimen in salt water medium and metal specimen in fresh water. This investigation was able to demonstrate the required measures needed in mild steel installation in these water environment. The rate effect by corrosion on metal is identified as a major component that influence degradation of systems service lifetime. The microorganisms were isolated, identified and characterized.

n

n

n

n

Volume :u00a0u00a07 | Issue :u00a0u00a02 | Received :u00a0u00a0June 11, 2021 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0July 1, 2021 | Published :u00a0u00a0December 9, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys(ijma)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Effect of Indigenous Micros on Metal Corrosion in Different Water Environment under section in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys(ijma)] [/if 424]
Keywords Effect, indigenous micros, metal, corrosion, water, environment

n

n

n

n

n


n[if 992 equals=”Transformative”]

n

n

Full Text

n

n

n

[/if 992][if 992 not_equal=”Transformative”]

n

n

Full Text

n

n

n

[/if 992] n


nn

[if 379 not_equal=””]n

[foreach 379]n

n[/foreach]

n[/if 379]

n

References

n[if 1104 equals=””]n

1. Telegdi. J (2012). Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (Chapter 6), in: K Demadis (Ed.), Water Treatment Processes, Nova Science Publisher, l45–167.
2. Machuca L.L, Wen H & Lee J.S (2014). Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: “A Review Focused on Hydro test Fluids in Sub-Sea Pipelines” (Corrosion & Prevention), I (12), 384–393.
3. Tuck, C.D, S & ‘Nutall J. (2016). Corrosion of Copper and its Alloys. https: // doi.org I I 0. I 0 I 6/8 9 7 8 -0 – I 2 -80 3 5 I 1 -8. 0 I 6 3 4 -9, 28 (2), 23 | -233.
4. I-opes F.A, Freeman, R.A & Ibert, M.L (2017). Influence of Substratum Surface on Bacteria Adhesion. Corrosion and its Controls. 46,127–133.
5. Von, W.K & Vander Klught (2013). Roles of Micro Organisms in Corrosion Induction & Prevention.: British Biotechnologtiournal, l4 (3), 1–11.
6. Ivan Kushkeych (20 1 9). Isolation and Purification of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria. 3, (25–26).
7. Fink, F.W (2010). Corrosion of Metals in Sea Water U.S Department of the Interior Office of Saline Water Progress Report, 46 (2), 14–20.
8. Al-Mhyawi, S. R. (2014). “Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion using Juniperus plants as green Inhibitior”. 23 (3), 30–56.
9. Sahrani, F. K (2016)”. Open Circuit Potential Study of Stainless Steel in Environment containing Marine Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria. Sains Malayasiana. 37, 359–364.
10. Fresezu, M (2011). Effect of Ph and Hardness on the Scale Formation of Mild Steel in Bicarbonate ion Containing Water. Coruosion and its Controls, l(2), 9–7
11. Uhlig, H.H (2012). A Review: Corrosion Handbook for the Effect of Oxygen on Micro Organism. New York, John Wiley & Sons.
12. Hui Rong & Rui Xu (2020). Formation Growth and Corrosion Effect of Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria Biofilm on Mortar: Journal of Construction and Buitding Materials, 268, 50–52.
13. Muyer z.G. 8. Stams A.J (2008). The Ecology and Biotechnology of Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria, Nature Review Microbiology 6, 441–454.
14. Hamitom w.A (2003). Microbiologically Influenced corrosion as a Model System for the Study of Metals Microbe Interactions: A unifiing Electron Transfer Hypothesis Biofouling 19 (1), 65–76.
15. Melchers R.E (2014). Effects of Water Pollution on the Immersion Corrosion of Mild and low alloy Steel Corrosion Science 49, 349 –3067 .
16. Dubiel M, HSU CH, Chien cc, Mansfield F, & Newman DK, (2002). Microbial iron Respiration can protect Steel from Corrosion. Appl. Environ Microbial. 25, 283–240′
17. Dara (2007). Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibitors, a renewed way to slow corrosion rate ‘
18. E. A. Noor, A. H. Al-Moubaraki, (2008) “Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid”, International Journal on Electrochemistry and science 3, 1–9.
19. Enning D, venzlaff H, Garrelfs J, Dinh HT, Meyer V & Mayrhofer K. (2013) ‘Marirte Sulfate- Reducing Bacteria cause serious Corrosion of Iron under Electro conductive Biogenic Mineral crust. Applied and Environ Microbiology 80, (4) 1226–1236’.
20. Zuo R, Orn6k D, Syrett, B. C, Green R.M. HSU, CH, Mansfeld F.B &Wood T.K (2004)’ Inhibiting Mild Steel Corrosion from Sulfate Reducing Bacteria using Anti-Microbial producing Biofilm in three-Mile-lsland Process Water. Appl Microbio Biotechnol. 64 (2), 215–83.
21. Zuo R. (2007) Biofilms: strategies for Metal corrosion Inhibition employing Microorganisms. ApplMicrobiol Biotechnol.T6(6), 1245–53.
22. Zuo, R. & Wood, T.K. (2004). Inhibiting Mild Steel Corrosion from Sulfate-Reducing and Iron- Oxidizing Bacteria using Gramicidin-S-Producing biofilms. ApplMicrobiol Biotechnology, 65 (6), 747-53.
23. Hamzah, E.M.Z, Hussain Ibrahim, Z & Abdolahi (32013). Influence of Pseudomonas Aeroginosa Bacteria on Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel, The International Journal of Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Control, 48 (2). 12534–1254.
24. J. Kadakova & P. Pristas (2018). Bio-Corrosion Microbial Action. 40, 123–125.
25. Copson, H.R. (2012). “A Review on the study for the Effect Microbial Corrosion”. 20,29–30.
26. Skorhus (2011). The Dual roles of Micro Organisms in Corrosion. 133–140.
27. Emerson, D, Fleming E.J, & McBeth J.M (2010). Iron Oxidizing Bacteria: an Environmental and Gemomic Perspective. Annu Rev. Microbiolo 64, 561–583.

nn[/if 1104] [if 1104 not_equal=””]n

    [foreach 1102]n t

  1. [if 1106 equals=””], [/if 1106][if 1106 not_equal=””], [/if 1106]
  2. n[/foreach]

n[/if 1104]

n[if 1114 equals=”Yes”]n

n[/if 1114]

n

n

[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

n

International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys

ISSN: 2456-5113

Editors Overview

ijma maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

n

“},{“box”:4,”content”:”

n“},{“box”:1,”content”:”

    By  [foreach 286]n

  1. n

    Ukpaka C.P., Chie-Amadi G.O., Nwosi A.S., Chuku B.

    n

  2. [/foreach]

n

    [foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t

  1. Professor, Lecturer, Lecturer, Assistant Lecturer,c Rivers State University Port Harcourt, Rivers State University Port Harcourt, Rivers State University Port Harcourt, Rivers State University Port Harcourt,Rivers State, Rivers State, Rivers State, Rivers State,Nigeria, Nigeria, Nigeria, Nigeria
  2. n[/if 1175][/foreach]

n

n

n

n

n

Abstract

nThe research on the effect of indigenous micros on metal corrosion in different water environment in life sciences and other fields as well as their significance was investigated. Mild Steel is one of the construction materials used in the industries. It has a young modulus of 200GNm-2. This paper focuses on the experimental study for the effect of indigenous micros on metals in different water environment and also of the corrosion behavior and mechanism for mild steel in three different media namely:, rain water, Salt water, Fresh water. Indeed, this research illustrates the effect of micros in metal corrosion as media characterization contributes to the rapid increase in population. The research revealed that the rain water is more acidic followed by salt water and lastly the fresh water medium. Based on this observation the micros activities were high in the rain water medium revealing high degradation in the metal specimen sampled, followed by metal specimen in salt water medium and metal specimen in fresh water. This investigation was able to demonstrate the required measures needed in mild steel installation in these water environment. The rate effect by corrosion on metal is identified as a major component that influence degradation of systems service lifetime. The microorganisms were isolated, identified and characterized.n

n

n

Keywords: Effect, indigenous micros, metal, corrosion, water, environment

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys(ijma)]

n[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys(ijma)] [/if 424]

n

n

n


n[if 992 equals=”Transformative”]n

n

n

Full Text

n

n

nn[/if 992]n[if 992 not_equal=”Transformative”]n

n

Full Text

n

n

n

n


[/if 992]n[if 379 not_equal=””]

Browse Figures

n

n

[foreach 379]n

n[/foreach]

n

[/if 379]n

n

References

n[if 1104 equals=””]

1. Telegdi. J (2012). Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (Chapter 6), in: K Demadis (Ed.), Water Treatment Processes, Nova Science Publisher, l45–167.
2. Machuca L.L, Wen H & Lee J.S (2014). Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: “A Review Focused on Hydro test Fluids in Sub-Sea Pipelines” (Corrosion & Prevention), I (12), 384–393.
3. Tuck, C.D, S & ‘Nutall J. (2016). Corrosion of Copper and its Alloys. https: // doi.org I I 0. I 0 I 6/8 9 7 8 -0 – I 2 -80 3 5 I 1 -8. 0 I 6 3 4 -9, 28 (2), 23 | -233.
4. I-opes F.A, Freeman, R.A & Ibert, M.L (2017). Influence of Substratum Surface on Bacteria Adhesion. Corrosion and its Controls. 46,127–133.
5. Von, W.K & Vander Klught (2013). Roles of Micro Organisms in Corrosion Induction & Prevention.: British Biotechnologtiournal, l4 (3), 1–11.
6. Ivan Kushkeych (20 1 9). Isolation and Purification of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria. 3, (25–26).
7. Fink, F.W (2010). Corrosion of Metals in Sea Water U.S Department of the Interior Office of Saline Water Progress Report, 46 (2), 14–20.
8. Al-Mhyawi, S. R. (2014). “Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion using Juniperus plants as green Inhibitior”. 23 (3), 30–56.
9. Sahrani, F. K (2016)”. Open Circuit Potential Study of Stainless Steel in Environment containing Marine Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria. Sains Malayasiana. 37, 359–364.
10. Fresezu, M (2011). Effect of Ph and Hardness on the Scale Formation of Mild Steel in Bicarbonate ion Containing Water. Coruosion and its Controls, l(2), 9–7
11. Uhlig, H.H (2012). A Review: Corrosion Handbook for the Effect of Oxygen on Micro Organism. New York, John Wiley & Sons.
12. Hui Rong & Rui Xu (2020). Formation Growth and Corrosion Effect of Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria Biofilm on Mortar: Journal of Construction and Buitding Materials, 268, 50–52.
13. Muyer z.G. 8. Stams A.J (2008). The Ecology and Biotechnology of Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria, Nature Review Microbiology 6, 441–454.
14. Hamitom w.A (2003). Microbiologically Influenced corrosion as a Model System for the Study of Metals Microbe Interactions: A unifiing Electron Transfer Hypothesis Biofouling 19 (1), 65–76.
15. Melchers R.E (2014). Effects of Water Pollution on the Immersion Corrosion of Mild and low alloy Steel Corrosion Science 49, 349 –3067 .
16. Dubiel M, HSU CH, Chien cc, Mansfield F, & Newman DK, (2002). Microbial iron Respiration can protect Steel from Corrosion. Appl. Environ Microbial. 25, 283–240′
17. Dara (2007). Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibitors, a renewed way to slow corrosion rate ‘
18. E. A. Noor, A. H. Al-Moubaraki, (2008) “Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid”, International Journal on Electrochemistry and science 3, 1–9.
19. Enning D, venzlaff H, Garrelfs J, Dinh HT, Meyer V & Mayrhofer K. (2013) ‘Marirte Sulfate- Reducing Bacteria cause serious Corrosion of Iron under Electro conductive Biogenic Mineral crust. Applied and Environ Microbiology 80, (4) 1226–1236’.
20. Zuo R, Orn6k D, Syrett, B. C, Green R.M. HSU, CH, Mansfeld F.B &Wood T.K (2004)’ Inhibiting Mild Steel Corrosion from Sulfate Reducing Bacteria using Anti-Microbial producing Biofilm in three-Mile-lsland Process Water. Appl Microbio Biotechnol. 64 (2), 215–83.
21. Zuo R. (2007) Biofilms: strategies for Metal corrosion Inhibition employing Microorganisms. ApplMicrobiol Biotechnol.T6(6), 1245–53.
22. Zuo, R. & Wood, T.K. (2004). Inhibiting Mild Steel Corrosion from Sulfate-Reducing and Iron- Oxidizing Bacteria using Gramicidin-S-Producing biofilms. ApplMicrobiol Biotechnology, 65 (6), 747-53.
23. Hamzah, E.M.Z, Hussain Ibrahim, Z & Abdolahi (32013). Influence of Pseudomonas Aeroginosa Bacteria on Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel, The International Journal of Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Control, 48 (2). 12534–1254.
24. J. Kadakova & P. Pristas (2018). Bio-Corrosion Microbial Action. 40, 123–125.
25. Copson, H.R. (2012). “A Review on the study for the Effect Microbial Corrosion”. 20,29–30.
26. Skorhus (2011). The Dual roles of Micro Organisms in Corrosion. 133–140.
27. Emerson, D, Fleming E.J, & McBeth J.M (2010). Iron Oxidizing Bacteria: an Environmental and Gemomic Perspective. Annu Rev. Microbiolo 64, 561–583.

n[/if 1104][if 1104 not_equal=””]n

    [foreach 1102]n t

  1. [if 1106 equals=””], [/if 1106][if 1106 not_equal=””],[/if 1106]
  2. n[/foreach]

n[/if 1104]

n


n[if 1114 equals=”Yes”]n

n[/if 1114]”},{“box”:2,”content”:”

Regular Issue Open Access Article

n

n

n

n

n

International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys

n

[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2456-5113[/if 344]

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

Volume 7
Issue 2
Received June 11, 2021
Accepted July 1, 2021
Published December 9, 2021

n

n

n

n

Editor

n

n


n

Reviewer

n

n


n n

n”},{“box”:6,”content”:”“}]

Read More