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nThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the thermal stresses experienced by a V8 cylinder block of a four stroke CI engine at a specific point in time during the engine’s operation. Two case studies were performed for the cylinder block with different materials. Aluminum A356 T6 and Iron Cast are the materials used in these case studies for the cylinder block. Pressures and temperatures were applied only to the design’s cylinder walls, which were produced by each stroke, with no lubrication or cooling systems used. 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2 firing order of the engine is taken into account in the design simulation. Various factors i.e., safety factor, stress, displacement, reaction force, strain, temperature, heat flux, thermal gradient is analyzed for each material of cylinder block. Fusion 360 software is used for the analysis.n

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1. Ravindra Gehlot, Brajesh Tripathi. Thermal analysis of holes created on ceramic coating for diesel engine piston. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. September 2016. Volume 8. Pp 291-299.
2. Martín, Jaime, Novella, Ricardo, García, Antonio, Carreño, Ricardo, Heuser, Benedikt, Kremer, Florian, Pischinger, Stefan. Thermal analysis of a light-duty CI engine operating with diesel- gasoline dual-fuel combustion mode. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.09.021.
3. S. Krishnamani and T. Mohanraj. Thermal Analysis of Ceramic Coated Aluminum Alloy Piston using Finite Element Method. 2016. 9(22). Pp 1-5.
4. Shafie, N. A. Mohamad and Said, M. F. Muhamad. Cold flow analysis on internal combustion engine with different piston bowl configurations. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. (2017). 12(4). Pp. 1048-1066.
5. Stefan Buhl, Frank Hartmann, Christian Hasse. Identification of Large-Scale Structure Fluctuations in IC Engines using POD-Based Conditional Averaging. Oil and Gas Science and Technology. January 2015. 71(1).
6. S. Buhl, F. Dietzche, C Bahul, C Hasse. Comparative study of turbulence models for scale resolving simulations of Internal Combustion engine flows. (2018).
7. S. Delvecchio, P. Bonfinglio, F. Pompoli Vibro-acoustic condition monitoring of Internal Combustion Engines: A critical review of existing techniques Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 99 (2018) 661–683.
8. Francesco Del Pero, Massimo Delogua, Marco Pierinia. Life Cycle Assessment in the automotive sector: a comparative case study of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and electric car. Procedia Structural Integrity. 2018. Volume 12. Pp 521-537.
9. N.S. Ahirrao, S.P. Bhosle, D.V. Nehete. Dynamics and Vibration Measurements in Engines. Procedia Manufacturing. 2018. Volume 20. Pp 434-439.
10. György Szabados, Ákos Bereczkyb. Experimental investigation of physicochemical properties of diesel, biodiesel and TBK-biodiesel fuels and combustion and emission analysis in CI internal combustion engine. 2018.
11. Ali Belhocine, Abd Rahim Abu Bakar and Mostef. Thermal and structural analysis of disc brake assembly during single stop braking eventa Bouchetara. 21 Dec 2015. Pp 26-38.

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nStringent emission from the conventional vehicles draws attention of automobile researches to develop engine either high fuel efficiency and low emission of NOx, CO and unburnt hydrocarbons. Hence, there by Homogeneous charge compression ignition came to the effect. Homogeneous charge compression ignition engine is the type of engine the well organised mixture of air and fuel ratio enters into the combustion chamber, and it is compressed up to auto-ignited temperature and there by combustion takes place. HCCI combines the characteristics of both SI and CI engine. In the current study, we will discuss about the performance parameters of the HCCI engine like Pressure, Temperature, Turbulent kinetic viscosity and swirl inside the cylinder at three different speed 1000, 2000, 3000 rpms through CFD analysis. The modelling of each part like cylinder, piston, Intake manifold and exhaust manifold in CATIA v5 and Computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed on STAR CCM+ by using large eddy simulational (LES) model. As we discussed about the combustion parameters pressure, temperature, Turbulent kinetic viscosity, swirl and identified behaviour of those parameters at suction, compression, expansion and exhaust in four stroke single cylinder diesel engine at 1000rpm,2000rpm and 3000rpm.The graphs are drawn between parameters with respect to crank angle as pressure vs crank angle, temperature vs crank angle, turbulent kinetic viscosity vs crank angle, swirl vs crank angle. The maximum a pressure obtained at 2000 rpm which is 57 bar, Maximum temperature obtained at 3000 rpm which is 1399.3 k, maximum turbulent kinetic viscosity at the speed of 3000 rpm in the exhaust process is 8424.3 j/kg. The maximum swirl obtained at 3000 rpm.n

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1. Abani N., Munnanur A., Reitz R. D., 2008, – Reduction of numerical parameters dependencies in diesel spray models II. Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, ASME, vol.130,032809- 1-032809-9.
2. Djavareshkirn M. H. and Ghasemi A.,2009, -Investigation of jet break-up process in diesel engine spray model II, Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol.9, no.11, pp 2078-2087 Bianchi G.M., Pelloni P., Corcione F.E., Allocca L., Luppino F., 2001, ‖ Modelling Atomization of high pressure diesel sprays‖, Journal of engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, ASME, vol.123,pp 419-427.
3. Bianchi G.M., pelloni p., Corcione F.E., Allocca L., Luppino F., 2001, II Modelling Atomization of high pressure diesel sprays II , Journal of engineering for Gas Turbines and Power , ASME , vol.123,pp 419-427.
4. Hountalas D.T., Kourmenos D.A., Mavropoulos G.c., Binder K.B and Schwarz V., 2004,- Multizone combustion modelling as a tool for DI engine development Application for the effect of injection pressure II. SAE, Vol.1, 2004-01-0115
5. Hegart C., Barths H. and Peters N., 1999, -Modeling nad combustion in a smallbore diesel engien using a method based on Represenatative Interactive Flaments II. SAE, vol.1, pp 4555.
6. Kasocsa A., Tatschl R. and Kristof G., 2007, – page 35 Analysis of spray evolution in internal combustion engine using numerica simulations II. Jounal of computational and Applied mechanics, Vol. no. 8, pp 85-100.
7. I.C Internal Combustion Engines | 4th Edition textbook. 1 July 2017 by V.Ganeshan.
8. Introduction to large eddy simulation of Turbulent Flows, J Frohlich,W.Rodi Institute of Hydromechanics, university of Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrabe, karlsruhe, Germany.
9. CFD analysis on Petrol Internal combustion engine, Mahamoud A.Mashkour Mustafa Hadi Ibraheem, Mechanical Engineering Department University of Technology, Bhagdad, Iraq. II Journal of university of Babylon for Engineering Sciences Vol(26), No(9):2018
10. K.M.Ravichandra, D.Manikanta, M. kotesh.”CFD simulation of an engine by producer of gas “International Journal of civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET),volume8,issue 10,october 2017.
11. HEYWOOD, J.B., Internal combustion engine fundamentals. New York, MC GRAW-HILL,1988
12. Krishna Adepalli, Mallikarjuna J.M. “parametric analysis on 4-stroke GDI using CFD”. Alexendria Engineering Journal.2016.
13. T. Morauszki, P.Mandli,Z.Harvorth and M.R.Dreyer.”Simulation of Fluid Flow combustion and Heat transfer in Internal Combustion Engine”. Hungarian journal of Industrial Chemistry Vol39 (1) pp.27-30-2011.

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nElectricity has now become a basic requirement for all humans. Electricity is used in almost every situation. Without electricity, we would perish. Electricity is employed in everyday life, industries, and transportation, among other things. So, by merely walking on the footstep, we are creating electrical power using renewable energy. Because non-renewable energy is scarce, renewable energy is in high demand these days. This paper discusses the process of generating mechanical energy from human footsteps and transferring it to electrical energy using a piezoelectric transducer. This type of generation falls under the Energy scavenging category of renewable resources, and it involves capturing and converting waste energy produced by routine activities, such as heat produced by exothermic reactions. There is a need to find alternative energy sources when the availability of traditional energy decreases. Almost all of our country’s state electricity bureaus are unable to supply power in accordance with demand. The energy provided by these enterprises is insufficient even for residential utilities; in such a dire situation, diverting energy for other public requirements is extremely challenging.n

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1. S. Hase, H. Shigeeda, T. Konishi, T. Yoshi. “Application of energy storage system for railway transportation in Japan Okui, S. Hase, H. Shigeeda, T. Konishi, T. Yoshi. The 2010 International Power Electronics Conference – ECCE ASIA.
2. Ashley Taylor and Tom krupenkin “Reverse electro wetting as a new approach to high power energy harvesting” Nature communication, pp 1-7August 2011.
3. Binoy Boban, Tom Jose V, Sijvo MT, “Electricty generation from footsteps; A Generative energy Resources”International journal of sciventic and research Publication 1-3,March 2013.
4. Muhammad Aamir Aman, Muhammad Zulqarnain Abbasi, Hamza Umar Afridi, Mehr-e-Munir, Jehanzeb Khan. Department of Electrical Engineering, Iqra National University, Pakistan. “Photovoltaic (PV) System Feasibility for Urmar Payan a Rural Cell Sites in Pakistan” J.Mech.Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-13, No.- 3, July-August (2018) Pages 173-179.
5. HR Nayan, “Power Generation Using Piezoelectric Material,” Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering, vol 4, pp 1-4, 2015.
6. J. Ghosh, et al., “Electrical Power Generation Using Footstep for Urban Area Energy Applications,” 2013. International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), 2013, pp 1367-1369.
7. K. Boby, et al., “Footstep Power Generation Using Piezo Electric Transducers”. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, vol 3, pp. 264-267, April 2014.
8. A. Majeed, “Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting for Powering Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS),” Journal of Undergraduate Research, vol 5, pp 1-5.
9. M.N.Gupta, et al., “Electricity Generation Due to Vibration of Moving Vehicles Using Piezoelectric Effect,” Electricity Generation Due to Vibration of Moving Vehicles Using Piezoelectric Effect, vol. 4 pp. 313-318. 2014.
10. R. M. Mahidur and R. Sarker, “Vibration Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Utilizing Bridgeless Recitifier Circuit,” Jurnal Kejuruteraan, pp. 87-94, 2016.

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