ijibb maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
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Open Access
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Special Issue
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Topic
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n Use of Bio Decontamination Systems in healthcare applicationsn
Bio decontamination is a technique for eliminating or reducing various microbiological pathogens so that they do not harm the environment. Bio decontamination can be accomplished using physical, chemical, or biological methods. Techniques such as high pressure, heat, and other methods are used in physical bio-decontamination. Contamination management is critical in pharmaceutical and life sciences laboratories to ensure product sterility and scientific validity. As a result, many businesses and organizations that value routine vaporous bio decontamination have included room and infrastructure bio decontamination as standard operating procedures. Bio decontamination is gaining ground on other techniques due to its low cost and ability to address both harmful byproducts of microorganisms and viral decontamination of items by bacteria or fungi. Because of advancements in the biopharma sector, the industry will expand. One of the key factors expected to drive bio-decontamination market growth in the coming years is an increase in surgical procedures. The market is also expected to grow as a result of increased demand for bio-decontamination equipment as a result of the growing need for minimal physical labor. Medical and pharmaceutical device manufacturers, as well as research institutions, are expected to generate the most revenue for the bio-decontamination industry. The vendor environment in the market is marked by fierce competition, which is fueled by product development that takes changing consumer preferences into account. Leading industries are focusing on the introduction of new products to maintain their market position .
Manuscripts should be submitted online via the manuscript Engine. Once you register on APID, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline.n All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the email address:[email protected] for announcement on this website.n Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a Double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for the submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page.
ijibb maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
n
n
n
n
n
n
Open Access
n
Special Issue
n
Topic
n
n Use of Bio Decontamination Systems in healthcare applicationsn
Bio decontamination is a technique for eliminating or reducing various microbiological pathogens so that they do not harm the environment. Bio decontamination can be accomplished using physical, chemical, or biological methods. Techniques such as high pressure, heat, and other methods are used in physical bio-decontamination. Contamination management is critical in pharmaceutical and life sciences laboratories to ensure product sterility and scientific validity. As a result, many businesses and organizations that value routine vaporous bio decontamination have included room and infrastructure bio decontamination as standard operating procedures. Bio decontamination is gaining ground on other techniques due to its low cost and ability to address both harmful byproducts of microorganisms and viral decontamination of items by bacteria or fungi. Because of advancements in the biopharma sector, the industry will expand. One of the key factors expected to drive bio-decontamination market growth in the coming years is an increase in surgical procedures. The market is also expected to grow as a result of increased demand for bio-decontamination equipment as a result of the growing need for minimal physical labor. Medical and pharmaceutical device manufacturers, as well as research institutions, are expected to generate the most revenue for the bio-decontamination industry. The vendor environment in the market is marked by fierce competition, which is fueled by product development that takes changing consumer preferences into account. Leading industries are focusing on the introduction of new products to maintain their market position .
Manuscripts should be submitted online via the manuscript Engine. Once you register on APID, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline.n All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the email address:[email protected] for announcement on this website.n Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a Double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for the submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page.
Polymer based synthetic petroleum and plant natural polysaccharides do have the drawback of limited sources, as well as the latter’s non-biodegradability. Eco-friendly, low-cost, and standardised microbial polysaccharides, on the other hand, offer a viable solution to this problem. They drew international recognition due to their original and distinctive physical and chemical propertiesas well as a diverse spectrum of industrial applications, the majority of which are rapidly becoming economically competitive. Scleroglucan, a 1, 3-beta-1, 6-glucan secreted by Sclerotium fungus, has a great economic potential and can have a variety of branching frequencies, side-chain lengths, and molecular weights dependent on the generating strains and cultivation circumstances. Scleroglucan’s viscosifying ability, water solubility, and pH, wide temperature, and salt concentrations stabilisation make it viable for just a variety of bioengineering ( food additives, improve oil recovery, cosmetic, drug delivery biocompatible materials, and pharmaceutical products, and so on) and biomedical, immunotherapy, antitumor, and so on application areas. It could be generated in large quantities at a bioreactor scale under standardised circumstances, with a high exopolysaccharide proportion governing performance improvement.
1. Desai, K.M., Survase, S.A., Saudagar, P.S., Lele, S., and Singhal, R.S. (2008). Comparison of artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) in fermentation media optimization: case study of fermentative production of scleroglucan. Biochem. Eng. J. 41, 266–273.
2. Deshpande, M.S., Rale, V.B., and Lynch, J.M. (1992). Aureobasidium pullulans in applied microbiology: a status report. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 14, 514–527. doi: 10.1016/0141- 0229(92)90122-5
3. Deslandes, Y., Marchessault, R., and Sarko, A. (1980). Triple-helical structure of (1→3)-β-D- glucan. Macromolecules 13, 1466–1471. doi: 10.1021/ma60078a020
4. Donche, A., Vaussard, A., and Isambourg, P. (1994). Application of Scleroglucan Muds to Drilling Deviated Wells. U.S. Patent No 5,330,015. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
5. Donot, F., Fontana, A., Baccou, J.C., and Schorr-Galindo, S. (2012). Microbial exopolysaccharides: main examples of synthesis, excretion, genetics and extraction. Carbohydr. Polym. 87, 951–962. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.083
6. Doster, M.S., Nute, A.J., and Christopher, C.A. (1984a). Injecting Polysaccharide and Water Soluble Guanidine Compound. U.S. Patent No 4,457,372. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
7. Doster, M.S., Nute, A.J., and Christopher, C.A. (1984b). Method of Recovering Petroleum from Underground Formations. U.S. Patent 4,457,372. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
8. Dubief, C. (1996). Composition for Washing Keratinous Materials in Particular Hair and/or Skin. U.S. Patent No 5,536,493. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
9. Dubief, C., and Cauwet, D. (2000). Silicon and Latex-Based Composition for the Treatment of Keratinous Substances. U.S. Patent No 6,024,946. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
10. Ensley, H.E., Tobias, B., Pretus, H.A., Mcnamee, R.B., Jones, E.L., Browder, I.W., et al. (1994). NMR spectral analysis of a water-insoluble (1→3)-β-D-glucan isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Carbohydr. Res. 258, 307–311. doi: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)84098-9
11. Falch, B.H., Espevik, T., Ryan, L., and Stokke, B.T. (2000). The cytokine stimulating activity of (1→3)-beta-D-glucans is dependent on the triple helix conformation. Carbohydr. Res. 329, 587– 596. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00222-6
12. Fanguy, C.J., Sanchez, J.P., and Mitchell, T.I. (2006). Method of Cementing an Area of a Borehole with Aqueous Cement Spacer System. U.S. Patent No 7,007,754. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
13. Fariña, J.I. (1997). Producción de Escleroglucano por Sclerotium rolfsii. Doctoral thesis, Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán.
14. Fariña, J.I., Santos, V.E., Perotti, N.I., Casas, J. A., Molina, O.E., and García-Ochoa, F. (1999). Influence of the nitrogen source on the production and rheological properties of scleroglucan produced by Sclerotium rolfsii ATCC 201126. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15, 309–316. doi: 10.1023/A:1008999001451
15. Fariña, J.I., Siñeriz, F., Molina, O.E., and Perotti, N.I. (1996). Low-cost method for the preservation of Sclerotium rolfsii Proimi F-6656: inoculum standardization and its use in scleroglucan production. Biotechnol. Tech. 10, 705–708.
16. Fariña, J.I., Siñeriz, F., Molina, O.E., and Perotti, N.I. (1998). High scleroglucan production by Sclerotium rolfsii: influence of medium composition. Biotechnol. Lett. 20, 825–831. doi: 10.1023/A:1005351123156
17. Fariña, J.I., Siñeriz, F., Molina, O. E., and Perotti, N.I. (2001). Isolation and physicochemical characterization of soluble scleroglucan from Sclerotium rolfsii. Rheological properties, molecular weight and conformational characteristics. Carbohydr. Polym. 44, 41–50.
18. Fariña, J.I., Viñarta, S.C., Cattaneo, M., and Figueroa, L.I. (2009). Structural stability of Sclerotium rolfsii ATCC 201126 b-glucan with fermentation time: a chemical, infrared spectroscopic and enzymatic approach. J. Appl. Microbiol. 106, 221–232. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2672.2008.03995.x
19. Fazenda, M.L., Seviour, R., McNeil, B., and Harvey, L.M. (2008). Submerged culture fermentation of “higher fungi”: the macrofungi. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 63, 33–103. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2164(07)00002-0
20. Fernandes Silva, M., Fornari, R.C.G., Mazutti, M.A., Oliveira, D., Ferreira Padilha, F., Cichoski, A.J., et al. (2009). Production and characterization of xantham gum by Xanthomonas campestris using cheese whey as sole carbon source. J. Food Eng. 90, 119–123. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.06.010
21. Finkelman, M.A.J., and Vardanis, A. (1986). Synthesis of b-glucan by cell-free extracts of Aureobasidium pullulans. Can. J. Microbiol. 33, 123–127. doi: 10.1139/m87-021
22. Forage, R.G., Harrison, D.E.F., and Pitt, D. E. (1985). “Effect of environment on microbial activity,” in Comprehensive Biotechnology – The Principles, Applications and Regulations of Biotechnology in Industry, Agriculture and Medicine, ed. M. Moo-Young (Oxford: Pergamon Press), 253–279.
23. Fosmer, A., and Gibbons, W.R. (2011). Separation of scleroglucan and cell biomass from Sclerotium glucanicum grown in an inexpensive, by-product based medium. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng. 4, 52–60.
24. Fosmer, A., Gibbons, W.R., and Heisel, N.J. (2010). Reducing the cost of scleroglucan production by use of a condensed corn solubles medium. J. Biotechnol. Res. 2, 131–143.
25. García-Ochoa, F., and Gómez, E. (2009). Bioreactor scale-up and oxygen transfer rate in microbial processes: an overview. Biotechnol. Adv. 27, 153–176. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv. 2008.10.006
26. Giavasis, I. (2013). “Production of microbial polysaccharides for use in food,” in Microbial Production of Food Ingredients, Enzymes and Nutraceuticals, eds B. McNeil, D. Archer, I. Giavasis, and L. Harvey (Sawston: Woodhead Publishing), 413–468.
27. Giavasis, I. (2014). Bioactive fungal polysaccharides as potential functional ingredients in food and nutraceuticals. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 26, 162–173. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.01.010
28. Giavasis, I., Harvey, L.M., and McNeil, B. (2005). “Scleroglucan,” in Biopolymers Online, ed. G. D. Glick (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA).
29. Gibbs, P., Seviour, R., and Schmid, F. (2000). Growth of filamentous fungi in submerged culture: problems and possible solutions. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 20, 17–48. doi: 10.1080/0738855 0091144177
30. Gibbs, P.A., and Seviour, R.J. (1996). “Pullulan,” in Polysaccharides in Medicinal Applications, ed. S. Dumitriu (New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc.), 59–86.
31. Grassi, M., Lapasin, R., Pricl, S., and Colombo, I. (1996). Apparent non-fickian release from a scleroglucan gel matrix. Chem. Eng. Commun. 155, 89–112. doi: 10.1080/00986449608936658
32. Griffith, W.L., and Compere, A.L. (1978). Production of a high viscosity glucan by Sclerotium rolfsii ATCC 15206. Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 19, 609–617.
33. Halleck, F.E. (1967). Polysaccharides and Methods for Production Thereof. U.S. Patent No 3,301,848. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
34. Holzwarth, G. (1984). Xanthan and scleroglucan: structure and use in enhanced oil recovery. Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 26, 271–280.
35. Hsieh, C., Liu, C.-J., Tseng, M.-H., Lo, C.-T., and Yang, Y.-C. (2006). Effect of olive oil on the production of mycelial biomass and polysaccharides of Grifola frondosa under high oxygen concentration aeration. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 39, 434–439. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec. 2005.11.033
36. Johal, S.S. (1991). Recovery of Water Soluble Biopolymers from an Aqueous Solution by Employing a Polyoxide. U.S. Patent No 5,043,287. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
37. Jong, S. C., and Donovick, R. (1989). Antitumor and antiviral substances from fungi. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 34, 183–262. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70319-8
38. Kang, K., and Cottrell, I. (1979). “Polysaccharides,” in Microbial Technology, 2nd Edn, eds H. Peppler and D. Perlman (New York, NY: Academic Press), 417–481.
ijibb maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
n
“},{“box”:4,”content”:”
n“},{“box”:1,”content”:”
By [foreach 286]n
n
Nidhi Aggarwal
n
[/foreach]
n
[foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t
Student,Department of Biology, College of Biology, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU),Uttar Pradesh,India
n[/if 1175][/foreach]
n
n
n
n
n
Abstract
nPolymer based synthetic petroleum and plant natural polysaccharides do have the drawback of limited sources, as well as the latter’s non-biodegradability. Eco-friendly, low-cost, and standardised microbial polysaccharides, on the other hand, offer a viable solution to this problem. They drew international recognition due to their original and distinctive physical and chemical propertiesas well as a diverse spectrum of industrial applications, the majority of which are rapidly becoming economically competitive. Scleroglucan, a 1, 3-beta-1, 6-glucan secreted by Sclerotium fungus, has a great economic potential and can have a variety of branching frequencies, side-chain lengths, and molecular weights dependent on the generating strains and cultivation circumstances. Scleroglucan’s viscosifying ability, water solubility, and pH, wide temperature, and salt concentrations stabilisation make it viable for just a variety of bioengineering ( food additives, improve oil recovery, cosmetic, drug delivery biocompatible materials, and pharmaceutical products, and so on) and biomedical, immunotherapy, antitumor, and so on application areas. It could be generated in large quantities at a bioreactor scale under standardised circumstances, with a high exopolysaccharide proportion governing performance improvement.n
1. Desai, K.M., Survase, S.A., Saudagar, P.S., Lele, S., and Singhal, R.S. (2008). Comparison of artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) in fermentation media optimization: case study of fermentative production of scleroglucan. Biochem. Eng. J. 41, 266–273.
2. Deshpande, M.S., Rale, V.B., and Lynch, J.M. (1992). Aureobasidium pullulans in applied microbiology: a status report. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 14, 514–527. doi: 10.1016/0141- 0229(92)90122-5
3. Deslandes, Y., Marchessault, R., and Sarko, A. (1980). Triple-helical structure of (1→3)-β-D- glucan. Macromolecules 13, 1466–1471. doi: 10.1021/ma60078a020
4. Donche, A., Vaussard, A., and Isambourg, P. (1994). Application of Scleroglucan Muds to Drilling Deviated Wells. U.S. Patent No 5,330,015. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
5. Donot, F., Fontana, A., Baccou, J.C., and Schorr-Galindo, S. (2012). Microbial exopolysaccharides: main examples of synthesis, excretion, genetics and extraction. Carbohydr. Polym. 87, 951–962. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.083
6. Doster, M.S., Nute, A.J., and Christopher, C.A. (1984a). Injecting Polysaccharide and Water Soluble Guanidine Compound. U.S. Patent No 4,457,372. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
7. Doster, M.S., Nute, A.J., and Christopher, C.A. (1984b). Method of Recovering Petroleum from Underground Formations. U.S. Patent 4,457,372. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
8. Dubief, C. (1996). Composition for Washing Keratinous Materials in Particular Hair and/or Skin. U.S. Patent No 5,536,493. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
9. Dubief, C., and Cauwet, D. (2000). Silicon and Latex-Based Composition for the Treatment of Keratinous Substances. U.S. Patent No 6,024,946. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
10. Ensley, H.E., Tobias, B., Pretus, H.A., Mcnamee, R.B., Jones, E.L., Browder, I.W., et al. (1994). NMR spectral analysis of a water-insoluble (1→3)-β-D-glucan isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Carbohydr. Res. 258, 307–311. doi: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)84098-9
11. Falch, B.H., Espevik, T., Ryan, L., and Stokke, B.T. (2000). The cytokine stimulating activity of (1→3)-beta-D-glucans is dependent on the triple helix conformation. Carbohydr. Res. 329, 587– 596. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00222-6
12. Fanguy, C.J., Sanchez, J.P., and Mitchell, T.I. (2006). Method of Cementing an Area of a Borehole with Aqueous Cement Spacer System. U.S. Patent No 7,007,754. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
13. Fariña, J.I. (1997). Producción de Escleroglucano por Sclerotium rolfsii. Doctoral thesis, Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán.
14. Fariña, J.I., Santos, V.E., Perotti, N.I., Casas, J. A., Molina, O.E., and García-Ochoa, F. (1999). Influence of the nitrogen source on the production and rheological properties of scleroglucan produced by Sclerotium rolfsii ATCC 201126. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15, 309–316. doi: 10.1023/A:1008999001451
15. Fariña, J.I., Siñeriz, F., Molina, O.E., and Perotti, N.I. (1996). Low-cost method for the preservation of Sclerotium rolfsii Proimi F-6656: inoculum standardization and its use in scleroglucan production. Biotechnol. Tech. 10, 705–708.
16. Fariña, J.I., Siñeriz, F., Molina, O.E., and Perotti, N.I. (1998). High scleroglucan production by Sclerotium rolfsii: influence of medium composition. Biotechnol. Lett. 20, 825–831. doi: 10.1023/A:1005351123156
17. Fariña, J.I., Siñeriz, F., Molina, O. E., and Perotti, N.I. (2001). Isolation and physicochemical characterization of soluble scleroglucan from Sclerotium rolfsii. Rheological properties, molecular weight and conformational characteristics. Carbohydr. Polym. 44, 41–50.
18. Fariña, J.I., Viñarta, S.C., Cattaneo, M., and Figueroa, L.I. (2009). Structural stability of Sclerotium rolfsii ATCC 201126 b-glucan with fermentation time: a chemical, infrared spectroscopic and enzymatic approach. J. Appl. Microbiol. 106, 221–232. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2672.2008.03995.x
19. Fazenda, M.L., Seviour, R., McNeil, B., and Harvey, L.M. (2008). Submerged culture fermentation of “higher fungi”: the macrofungi. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 63, 33–103. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2164(07)00002-0
20. Fernandes Silva, M., Fornari, R.C.G., Mazutti, M.A., Oliveira, D., Ferreira Padilha, F., Cichoski, A.J., et al. (2009). Production and characterization of xantham gum by Xanthomonas campestris using cheese whey as sole carbon source. J. Food Eng. 90, 119–123. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.06.010
21. Finkelman, M.A.J., and Vardanis, A. (1986). Synthesis of b-glucan by cell-free extracts of Aureobasidium pullulans. Can. J. Microbiol. 33, 123–127. doi: 10.1139/m87-021
22. Forage, R.G., Harrison, D.E.F., and Pitt, D. E. (1985). “Effect of environment on microbial activity,” in Comprehensive Biotechnology – The Principles, Applications and Regulations of Biotechnology in Industry, Agriculture and Medicine, ed. M. Moo-Young (Oxford: Pergamon Press), 253–279.
23. Fosmer, A., and Gibbons, W.R. (2011). Separation of scleroglucan and cell biomass from Sclerotium glucanicum grown in an inexpensive, by-product based medium. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng. 4, 52–60.
24. Fosmer, A., Gibbons, W.R., and Heisel, N.J. (2010). Reducing the cost of scleroglucan production by use of a condensed corn solubles medium. J. Biotechnol. Res. 2, 131–143.
25. García-Ochoa, F., and Gómez, E. (2009). Bioreactor scale-up and oxygen transfer rate in microbial processes: an overview. Biotechnol. Adv. 27, 153–176. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv. 2008.10.006
26. Giavasis, I. (2013). “Production of microbial polysaccharides for use in food,” in Microbial Production of Food Ingredients, Enzymes and Nutraceuticals, eds B. McNeil, D. Archer, I. Giavasis, and L. Harvey (Sawston: Woodhead Publishing), 413–468.
27. Giavasis, I. (2014). Bioactive fungal polysaccharides as potential functional ingredients in food and nutraceuticals. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 26, 162–173. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.01.010
28. Giavasis, I., Harvey, L.M., and McNeil, B. (2005). “Scleroglucan,” in Biopolymers Online, ed. G. D. Glick (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA).
29. Gibbs, P., Seviour, R., and Schmid, F. (2000). Growth of filamentous fungi in submerged culture: problems and possible solutions. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 20, 17–48. doi: 10.1080/0738855 0091144177
30. Gibbs, P.A., and Seviour, R.J. (1996). “Pullulan,” in Polysaccharides in Medicinal Applications, ed. S. Dumitriu (New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc.), 59–86.
31. Grassi, M., Lapasin, R., Pricl, S., and Colombo, I. (1996). Apparent non-fickian release from a scleroglucan gel matrix. Chem. Eng. Commun. 155, 89–112. doi: 10.1080/00986449608936658
32. Griffith, W.L., and Compere, A.L. (1978). Production of a high viscosity glucan by Sclerotium rolfsii ATCC 15206. Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 19, 609–617.
33. Halleck, F.E. (1967). Polysaccharides and Methods for Production Thereof. U.S. Patent No 3,301,848. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
34. Holzwarth, G. (1984). Xanthan and scleroglucan: structure and use in enhanced oil recovery. Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 26, 271–280.
35. Hsieh, C., Liu, C.-J., Tseng, M.-H., Lo, C.-T., and Yang, Y.-C. (2006). Effect of olive oil on the production of mycelial biomass and polysaccharides of Grifola frondosa under high oxygen concentration aeration. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 39, 434–439. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec. 2005.11.033
36. Johal, S.S. (1991). Recovery of Water Soluble Biopolymers from an Aqueous Solution by Employing a Polyoxide. U.S. Patent No 5,043,287. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
37. Jong, S. C., and Donovick, R. (1989). Antitumor and antiviral substances from fungi. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 34, 183–262. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70319-8
38. Kang, K., and Cottrell, I. (1979). “Polysaccharides,” in Microbial Technology, 2nd Edn, eds H. Peppler and D. Perlman (New York, NY: Academic Press), 417–481.
Utilizing ultra-scale down and microfluidic technology, micro and mini bioreactors are well characterised for usage in bioprocess research in from before the manufacture. Through use of bioreactors to study regular and pathophysiology, on the other hand, must be extremely distinct, and the physiological environment has an impact on bioreactor construction. The basic elements required for bioprocesses bioreactor to handle three major areas related to biological systems are examined in this review. All of these projects aim to recreate the in vitro model as accurately as possible so that they’re being utilised to research cellular and molecular changes that occur physiology in order to develop tissue-engineered transplants for therapeutic use, at the molecular level, understanding disease pathogenesis, establishing potential therapeutic targets thus allowing adequate pharmaceutical testing on a truly realistic organoid, allowing for better medication design while also reducing the number of animals used in research. Also discussed is the use of bioreactor systems for the growth of clinically important types of cells. In contrast to cell growth, additional physical cues are required for the development of functioning three-dimensional tissue analogues. Bioreactors for musculoskeletal tissue engineering, as a result, are discussed.
1. Martin I, Wendt D, Heberer M. The role of bioreactors in tissue engineering. Trends Biotechnol. 2004; 22: 80–86.
2. Carrier RL, Rupnick M, Langer R, et al. Perfusion improves tissue architecture of engineered cardiac muscle. Tissue Eng. 2002; 8: 175–188.
3. King JA, Miller WM. Bioreactor development for stem cell expansion and controlled differentiation. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2007; 11: 394–398.
4. Crabbe A, Liu Y, Sarker SF, et al. Recellularization of decellularized lung scaffolds is enhanced by dynamic suspension culture. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10: e0126846.
5. Kulig KM, Vacanti JP. Hepatic tissue engineering. Transpl Immunol. 2004; 12: 303–310.
6. Nahmias Y, Berthiaume F, Yarmush ML. Integration of technologies for hepatic tissue engineering. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2007; 103: 309–329.
7. Wolff J. Das Gesetz der Transformation der Knochen. Hirshwald; Berlin, Germany: 1892.
8. Davis H. Conservative Surgery. Appleton. New York, NY, USA: 1867.
9. Gonzalez-Molina J, Selden BFC. Extracellular Fluid Viscosity Enhances Cell-Substrate Interaction and Impacts on Cell Size and Morphology. TCES, London, UK. 2016: 74.
10. McFetridge PS, Abe K, Horrocks M, et al. Vascular tissue engineering: Bioreactor design considerations for extended culture of primary human vascular smooth muscle cells. ASAIO J. 2007; 53: 623–630.
11. Groeber F, Engelhardt L, Lange J, et al. A first vascularized skin equivalent as an alternative to animal experimentation. Altex. 2016; 33: 415–422.
12. Egger D, Spitz S, Fischer M, et al. Application of a parallelizable perfusion bioreactor for physiologic 3D cell culture. Cells Tissues Organs. 2017; 203: 316–326
13. Weinbaum S, Cowin SC, Zeng Y. A model for the excitation of osteocytes by mechanical loading-induced bone fluid shear stresses. J Biomech. 1994; 27: 339–360.
14. Hung CT, Mauck RL, Wang CC, Lima EG, Ateshian G.A. A paradigm for functional tissue engineering of articular cartilage via applied physiologic deformational loading. Ann Biomed Eng. 2004; 32: 35–49.
15. Seidel JO, Pei M, Gray ML, et al. Long-term culture of tissue engineered cartilage in a perfused chamber with mechanical stimulation. Biorheology. 2004; 41: 445–458.
16. Liu C, Abedian R, Meister R, et al. Influence of perfusion and compression on the proliferation and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stromal cells seeded on polyurethane scaffolds. Biomaterials. 2012; 33: 1052–1064.
17. Boccafoschi F, Botta M, Fusaro L, et al. Decellularized biological matrices: An interesting approach for cardiovascular tissue repair and regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2017; 11: 1648–1657.
18. Rana D, Zreiqat H, Benkirane-Jessel N, et al. Development of decellularized scaffolds for stem cell-driven tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2017; 11: 942–965.
19. Ma X, He Z, Li L, et al. Development and in vivo validation of tissue-engineered, small-diameter vascular grafts from decellularized aortae of fetal pigs and canine vascular endothelial cells. J Cardiothoracic Surg. 2017; 12: 101.
20. Ghaedi M, Le AV, Hatachi G, et al. Bioengineered lungs generated from human ipscs-derived epithelial cells on native extracellular matrix. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2017.
ijibb maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
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By [foreach 286]n
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Vikrant Singh, Rohit Yadav
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[foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t
Student, Student,Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Indo-Myanmar Road, Department of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology,Manipur, Uttar Pradesh,India, India
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Abstract
nUtilizing ultra-scale down and microfluidic technology, micro and mini bioreactors are well characterised for usage in bioprocess research in from before the manufacture. Through use of bioreactors to study regular and pathophysiology, on the other hand, must be extremely distinct, and the physiological environment has an impact on bioreactor construction. The basic elements required for bioprocesses bioreactor to handle three major areas related to biological systems are examined in this review. All of these projects aim to recreate the in vitro model as accurately as possible so that they’re being utilised to research cellular and molecular changes that occur physiology in order to develop tissue-engineered transplants for therapeutic use, at the molecular level, understanding disease pathogenesis, establishing potential therapeutic targets thus allowing adequate pharmaceutical testing on a truly realistic organoid, allowing for better medication design while also reducing the number of animals used in research. Also discussed is the use of bioreactor systems for the growth of clinically important types of cells. In contrast to cell growth, additional physical cues are required for the development of functioning three-dimensional tissue analogues. Bioreactors for musculoskeletal tissue engineering, as a result, are discussed.n
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10. McFetridge PS, Abe K, Horrocks M, et al. Vascular tissue engineering: Bioreactor design considerations for extended culture of primary human vascular smooth muscle cells. ASAIO J. 2007; 53: 623–630.
11. Groeber F, Engelhardt L, Lange J, et al. A first vascularized skin equivalent as an alternative to animal experimentation. Altex. 2016; 33: 415–422.
12. Egger D, Spitz S, Fischer M, et al. Application of a parallelizable perfusion bioreactor for physiologic 3D cell culture. Cells Tissues Organs. 2017; 203: 316–326
13. Weinbaum S, Cowin SC, Zeng Y. A model for the excitation of osteocytes by mechanical loading-induced bone fluid shear stresses. J Biomech. 1994; 27: 339–360.
14. Hung CT, Mauck RL, Wang CC, Lima EG, Ateshian G.A. A paradigm for functional tissue engineering of articular cartilage via applied physiologic deformational loading. Ann Biomed Eng. 2004; 32: 35–49.
15. Seidel JO, Pei M, Gray ML, et al. Long-term culture of tissue engineered cartilage in a perfused chamber with mechanical stimulation. Biorheology. 2004; 41: 445–458.
16. Liu C, Abedian R, Meister R, et al. Influence of perfusion and compression on the proliferation and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stromal cells seeded on polyurethane scaffolds. Biomaterials. 2012; 33: 1052–1064.
17. Boccafoschi F, Botta M, Fusaro L, et al. Decellularized biological matrices: An interesting approach for cardiovascular tissue repair and regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2017; 11: 1648–1657.
18. Rana D, Zreiqat H, Benkirane-Jessel N, et al. Development of decellularized scaffolds for stem cell-driven tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2017; 11: 942–965.
19. Ma X, He Z, Li L, et al. Development and in vivo validation of tissue-engineered, small-diameter vascular grafts from decellularized aortae of fetal pigs and canine vascular endothelial cells. J Cardiothoracic Surg. 2017; 12: 101.
20. Ghaedi M, Le AV, Hatachi G, et al. Bioengineered lungs generated from human ipscs-derived epithelial cells on native extracellular matrix. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2017.
Microbial fermentations are used to produce a variety of goods in a sustainable manner. Because of the growing trend in the food industry toward plant-based foods and meat and dairy product substitutes, microbial fermentation will play an increasingly important role in this sector, as it will enable the production of valuable foods and food ingredients in a sustainable and scalable manner. Microbial fermentation will also be employed to improve and expand the production of environmentally friendly chemicals and natural items. New firms that translate academic research into breakthrough processes and products using cutting-edge technologies will account for a large portion of this market expansion. Here, we look at current innovation and technological trends and offer advice on how to start and expand a company in industrial biotechnology.
1. Nielsen J. Yeast systems biology: model organism and cell factory. Biotechnol J. 2019; 14 (9): e1800421.
2. Mingtao H, Jichen B, Jens Ni. Biopharmaceutical protein production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: current state and future prospects. Pharm Bioprocess. 2014; 2: 167–182.
3. Nielsen, J. Production of biopharmaceuticals proteins byyeast Bioengineered. 2013; 4 (4): 207–211.
4. Macklin DN, Ahn-Horst TA, Choi H, et al. Simultaneous cross-evaluation of heterogenous E. coli datasets via mechanistic simulation. Science. 2020; 369: eaav3751.
5. Francesca DB, Carl M, Cate C, et al. Absolute yeast mitochondrial proteome quantification reveals trade-off between biosynthesis and energy generation during diauxic shift. Proc Natl. Acad Sci. U. S. A. 2020; 117: 7524–7535.
6. Edward JOB, Joshua AL, Roger LC, et al. Genome-scale models of metabolism and gene expression extend and refine growth phenotype prediction Mol Syst Biol. 2013;9:693.
7. Lu H, Li F, Sánchez BJ, et al. A consensus S. cerevisiae metabolic model Yeast8 and its ecosystem for comprehensively probing cellular metabolism. Nat. Commun. 2019;10:3586.
8. Yu C, Feiran L, Jens N. (2022) Genome-scale modeling of yeast metabolism: retrospectives and perspectives. FEMS Yeast Res. 2022; 22: foac003.
9. De Jong E. Bio-Based Chemicals: A 2020 Update. IEA Bioenergy. 2020.
10. Verified Market Research. Global Bio-based Materials Market Size by Type, by Application, by Geographic Scope and Forecast. Verified Market Research. 2021.
11. Nielsen J, Keasling J. Synergies between synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Nat. Biotechnol. 2011; 29: 693–695.
12. Nielsen J. Engineering synergy in biotechnology. Nat Chem Biol. 2014; 10: 319–322.
13. Liu Z, Wang J, Nielson J. Yeast synthetic biology advances biofuel production. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2022; 65: 33–39.
14. Hillson N, Caddick M, Cai Y. Building a global alliance of biofoundries. Nat. Commun. 2019; 10: 2040.
15. Philip J. A Roundup of Bioeconomy Work at DSTI, OECD. 2022.
16. Vickers CE, Freemont PS. Pandemic preparedness: synthetic biology and publicly funded biofoundries can rapidly accelerate response time. Nat. Commun. 2022; 13: 453.
17. Yu R., Campbell K, Pereira R, et al. Nitrogen limitation reveals large reserves in metabolic and translational capacities of yeast. Nature communications. 2020; 11(1): 1881.
18. Schmidt A, Kochanowski K, Vedelaar S, et al. The quantitative and condition-dependent Escherichia coli proteome. Nat Biotechnol. 2016; 34: 104–110 Lu H, Kerkhoven EJ, Nielsen J. Multiscale models quantifying yeast physiology: towards a whole-cell model. Trends Biotechnol. 2022; 40 (3): 291–305.
19. Yu C, Nielsen J. Energy metabolism controls phenotypes by protein efficiency and allocation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2019; 116: 17592–17597.
20. Malina C, Rosemary Y, Johan B, et al. Adaptations in metabolism and protein translation give rise to the Crabtree effect in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2021; 118: e2112836118.
ijibb maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
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By [foreach 286]n
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Anjali Mishra1 , Tarun Verma2
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Student,Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Applied Sciences,Gujarat,India
n[/if 1175][/foreach]
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Abstract
nMicrobial fermentations are used to produce a variety of goods in a sustainable manner. Because of the growing trend in the food industry toward plant-based foods and meat and dairy product substitutes, microbial fermentation will play an increasingly important role in this sector, as it will enable the production of valuable foods and food ingredients in a sustainable and scalable manner. Microbial fermentation will also be employed to improve and expand the production of environmentally friendly chemicals and natural items. New firms that translate academic research into breakthrough processes and products using cutting-edge technologies will account for a large portion of this market expansion. Here, we look at current innovation and technological trends and offer advice on how to start and expand a company in industrial biotechnology.n
1. Nielsen J. Yeast systems biology: model organism and cell factory. Biotechnol J. 2019; 14 (9): e1800421.
2. Mingtao H, Jichen B, Jens Ni. Biopharmaceutical protein production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: current state and future prospects. Pharm Bioprocess. 2014; 2: 167–182.
3. Nielsen, J. Production of biopharmaceuticals proteins byyeast Bioengineered. 2013; 4 (4): 207–211.
4. Macklin DN, Ahn-Horst TA, Choi H, et al. Simultaneous cross-evaluation of heterogenous E. coli datasets via mechanistic simulation. Science. 2020; 369: eaav3751.
5. Francesca DB, Carl M, Cate C, et al. Absolute yeast mitochondrial proteome quantification reveals trade-off between biosynthesis and energy generation during diauxic shift. Proc Natl. Acad Sci. U. S. A. 2020; 117: 7524–7535.
6. Edward JOB, Joshua AL, Roger LC, et al. Genome-scale models of metabolism and gene expression extend and refine growth phenotype prediction Mol Syst Biol. 2013;9:693.
7. Lu H, Li F, Sánchez BJ, et al. A consensus S. cerevisiae metabolic model Yeast8 and its ecosystem for comprehensively probing cellular metabolism. Nat. Commun. 2019;10:3586.
8. Yu C, Feiran L, Jens N. (2022) Genome-scale modeling of yeast metabolism: retrospectives and perspectives. FEMS Yeast Res. 2022; 22: foac003.
9. De Jong E. Bio-Based Chemicals: A 2020 Update. IEA Bioenergy. 2020.
10. Verified Market Research. Global Bio-based Materials Market Size by Type, by Application, by Geographic Scope and Forecast. Verified Market Research. 2021.
11. Nielsen J, Keasling J. Synergies between synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Nat. Biotechnol. 2011; 29: 693–695.
12. Nielsen J. Engineering synergy in biotechnology. Nat Chem Biol. 2014; 10: 319–322.
13. Liu Z, Wang J, Nielson J. Yeast synthetic biology advances biofuel production. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2022; 65: 33–39.
14. Hillson N, Caddick M, Cai Y. Building a global alliance of biofoundries. Nat. Commun. 2019; 10: 2040.
15. Philip J. A Roundup of Bioeconomy Work at DSTI, OECD. 2022.
16. Vickers CE, Freemont PS. Pandemic preparedness: synthetic biology and publicly funded biofoundries can rapidly accelerate response time. Nat. Commun. 2022; 13: 453.
17. Yu R., Campbell K, Pereira R, et al. Nitrogen limitation reveals large reserves in metabolic and translational capacities of yeast. Nature communications. 2020; 11(1): 1881.
18. Schmidt A, Kochanowski K, Vedelaar S, et al. The quantitative and condition-dependent Escherichia coli proteome. Nat Biotechnol. 2016; 34: 104–110 Lu H, Kerkhoven EJ, Nielsen J. Multiscale models quantifying yeast physiology: towards a whole-cell model. Trends Biotechnol. 2022; 40 (3): 291–305.
19. Yu C, Nielsen J. Energy metabolism controls phenotypes by protein efficiency and allocation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2019; 116: 17592–17597.
20. Malina C, Rosemary Y, Johan B, et al. Adaptations in metabolism and protein translation give rise to the Crabtree effect in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2021; 118: e2112836118.
n [/foreach]
