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u00a0Manoj Kumar,
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nJanuary 9, 2023 at 10:32 am
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nAbstract
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Nuclear garbage disposal is simple and may be done practically any place in a safe manner. Used fuel is typically stored for at least five years under water and subsequently in dry storage. The best solution for eventual disposal of the most radioactive waste produced is deep geological disposal, according to most experts. Industries such as mining, nuclear power generating, defence, medicine, and certain forms of scientific research produce radioactive waste. Nuclear Wastes waste can be generated by activities that create or use radioactive materials. Nuclear Wastes is dangerous because it emits radioactive particles, which can endanger human health and the environment if not adequately controlled. Nuclear bombs generated a significant amount of trash, which is still being managed today. The amounts of plutonium in the environment are extremely low, posing no risk among most humans. The elements plutonium and uranium were utilised to make nuclear weapons fuel. As nuclear weapons are exploded, atoms break and a nuclear reaction occurs, releasing massive amounts of energy. The United States established special reactors to produce around 100 metric tonnes of plutonium for nuclear bombs between 1944 and 1988. The highly radioactive plutonium was generated by hitting uranium fuel rods with neutrons in the reactors. More neutrons were emitted each time a uranium atom converted to a plutonium atom, triggering a chain reaction. The chain reaction continued until the majority of the uranium atoms were transformed to plutonium, at which point the chain reaction came to a stop. The fuel rods were said to be spent at this time and were evacuated from the nuclear power plant.
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Keywords Nuclear wastes, low level waste, storage, hazard of radioactive energy
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References
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1. Y. S. Tang and J. H. Saling, Radioactive Waste Management (Taylor and Francis, 1990).
2. R. E. Berlin and C. C. Stanton, Radioactive Waste Management (Wiley-Interscience, 1989).
3. L. E. J. Roberts, “”Radioactive Waste Management,”” Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 40, 79 (1990).
4. Humber, Yuriy (2015-07-10). “”Japan’s 17,000 Tons of Nuclear Waste in Search of a Home””. Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2017-05-17.
5. Fact Sheet on Dry Cask Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel””. NRC. May 7, 2009. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-25.
6. Ojovan, Michael I.; Lee, William E. (2010). “”Glassy Waste forms for Nuclear Waste Immobilization””. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 42 (4): 837. Bibcode:2011MMTA.42.837O. doi:10.1007/s11661-010-0525-7.
7. Potera, Carol (2011). “”HAZARDOUS WASTE: Pond Algae Sequester Strontium-90″”. Environ Health Perspect. 119 (6): A244. doi:10.1289/ehp.119-a244. PMC 3114833. PMID 21628117
8. International Atomic Energy Agency, The radiological accident in Goiânia Archived 2011-01-20 at the Wayback Machine, 1988. Retrieved September 2007.
9. Nobel, Justin (29 April 2020). “”The Syrian Job: Uncovering the Oil Industry’s Radioactive Secret””. DeSmog UK. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
10. Disposal of High-Level Nuclear Waste in Deep Horizontal Drillholes””. MDPI. May 29, 2019. Archived from the original on February 24, 2020.
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Journal Menu
Editors Overview
ijem maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
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- By [foreach 286]n
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Manoj Kumar
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- Student,Vivekanand Degree College Chandpur,Uttar Pradesh,India
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Abstract
nNuclear garbage disposal is simple and may be done practically any place in a safe manner. Used fuel is typically stored for at least five years under water and subsequently in dry storage. The best solution for eventual disposal of the most radioactive waste produced is deep geological disposal, according to most experts. Industries such as mining, nuclear power generating, defence, medicine, and certain forms of scientific research produce radioactive waste. Nuclear Wastes waste can be generated by activities that create or use radioactive materials. Nuclear Wastes is dangerous because it emits radioactive particles, which can endanger human health and the environment if not adequately controlled. Nuclear bombs generated a significant amount of trash, which is still being managed today. The amounts of plutonium in the environment are extremely low, posing no risk among most humans. The elements plutonium and uranium were utilised to make nuclear weapons fuel. As nuclear weapons are exploded, atoms break and a nuclear reaction occurs, releasing massive amounts of energy. The United States established special reactors to produce around 100 metric tonnes of plutonium for nuclear bombs between 1944 and 1988. The highly radioactive plutonium was generated by hitting uranium fuel rods with neutrons in the reactors. More neutrons were emitted each time a uranium atom converted to a plutonium atom, triggering a chain reaction. The chain reaction continued until the majority of the uranium atoms were transformed to plutonium, at which point the chain reaction came to a stop. The fuel rods were said to be spent at this time and were evacuated from the nuclear power plant.n
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Keywords: Nuclear wastes, low level waste, storage, hazard of radioactive energy
n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to International Journal of Energetic Materials(ijem)]
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Full Text
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Browse Figures
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References
n[if 1104 equals=””]
1. Y. S. Tang and J. H. Saling, Radioactive Waste Management (Taylor and Francis, 1990).
2. R. E. Berlin and C. C. Stanton, Radioactive Waste Management (Wiley-Interscience, 1989).
3. L. E. J. Roberts, “”Radioactive Waste Management,”” Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 40, 79 (1990).
4. Humber, Yuriy (2015-07-10). “”Japan’s 17,000 Tons of Nuclear Waste in Search of a Home””. Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2017-05-17.
5. Fact Sheet on Dry Cask Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel””. NRC. May 7, 2009. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-25.
6. Ojovan, Michael I.; Lee, William E. (2010). “”Glassy Waste forms for Nuclear Waste Immobilization””. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 42 (4): 837. Bibcode:2011MMTA.42.837O. doi:10.1007/s11661-010-0525-7.
7. Potera, Carol (2011). “”HAZARDOUS WASTE: Pond Algae Sequester Strontium-90″”. Environ Health Perspect. 119 (6): A244. doi:10.1289/ehp.119-a244. PMC 3114833. PMID 21628117
8. International Atomic Energy Agency, The radiological accident in Goiânia Archived 2011-01-20 at the Wayback Machine, 1988. Retrieved September 2007.
9. Nobel, Justin (29 April 2020). “”The Syrian Job: Uncovering the Oil Industry’s Radioactive Secret””. DeSmog UK. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
10. Disposal of High-Level Nuclear Waste in Deep Horizontal Drillholes””. MDPI. May 29, 2019. Archived from the original on February 24, 2020.
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International Journal of Energetic Materials
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| Volume | 7 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Received | October 10, 2021 |
| Accepted | October 26, 2021 |
| Published | December 25, 2021 |
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