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nThe purpose of this research is to determine the impact of VTP (video teaching programme) on Kegel exercises among postnatal mothers in a Jammu hospital. To accomplish the study’s aims, the research design was quasi-experimental. Forty postnatal mothers were chosen to test the impact of VTP on Kegel exercises at different hospitals in Jammu. The sampling technique for study was Convenience sampling technique to select the samples. Informed consent was obtained from the participants prior to data collection. The tool consists of demographic data and structured knowledge questionnaire on kegel exercise was administered to collect the data from the postnatal mothers. Pre-test knowledge level of postnatal exercises was assessed. Video teaching was given for the postnatal mothers. Post–test knowledge level of kegel exercises was assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used for analyzed the collected data and is arranged based on the objectives of the study.n

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1. Adele Pillitteri, Maternal and child health bearing CARE OF THE childbearing and child bearing family, 5th ed. Lippincott williams and Wilkens: Philadelphia;2007:644-648.
2. Annamma Jocob, Comprehensive text book of Miderifery. 2nd Ed.Jaypee brothers Medical publications;2008:268-275.
3. B.T. Basavanthappa, Midwery and reproductive health Nursing,” 1st. ed.Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers 2006
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13. Kreder K.J, et.al., “Efficacy of pelvic floor muscle exercise in women with stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence”. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2008: 120- 5.

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[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2581-7051[/if 344]

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nAfter leaving the ICU, patients may suffer from what is known as Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS), which can happen to any person who has been in the ICU. Patients with PICS present with physical, cognitive and psychiatric impairments. PICS may be induced if a person was on prolonged mechanical ventilation, experienced sepsis, multiple organ failure and a prolonged duration of “bedrestore deep sedation”. It has been estimated that Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is most prevalence in critically ill patients and the risk is as high as 63%. This paper summarises the findings related to knowledge of magnitude, risk factors and preventive strategies for PICS. There were total 97 papers published in Medline, Cochrane and Google Scholar from Jan 2014 to Jan 2021, out of which 15 were deemed relevant to this review as per following inclusion and exclusion criteria. The population comprised of ICU patients. Findings suggested that demographic variables such as older age, female sex as well as clinical variables such as previous mental health problems, high disease severity, negative ICU experience, and delirium are some of the significant risk factors contributing in the development of PICS. Preventive Strategies for PICS at ICU setting includes: Early Rehabilitation, ABCDEFGH bundle, ICU diaries, Intensive care unit follow-Up clinics, Nurse led preventive psychological intervention. Studies related to paediatric age Group and also studies published in languages other than English were excluded from the Present study. PICS, inspite of having its significant impact on the function and quality of life of patients and families, there is limited awareness and it under-recognition among the Healthcare team.n

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1. Davydow DS, Gifford JM, Desai SV, Needham DM, Bienvenu OJ. Posttraumatic stress disorder in general intensive care unit survivors: a systematic review. General hospital psychiatry. 2008; 30 (5): 421–434.
2. Wunsch H, Angus DC, Harrison DA, et al. Variation in critical care services across North America and Western Europe. Critical Care Med 2008; 36: 2787–2793.
3. Iwashyna TJ, Ely EW, Smith DM, Langa KM. Long-term cognitive impairment and functional disability among survivors of severe sepsis. Jama. 2010; 304 (16): 1787–94.
4. Swoboda SM, Lipsett PA. Impact of a prolonged surgical critical illness on patients’ families. Am J Crit Care. 2002; 11 (5): 459–466.
5. Rawal G, Yadav S, Kumar R. Post-intensive care syndrome: an overview. Journal of translational internal medicine. 2017; 5 (2): 90–2.
6. Pratik P Pandharipande, Timothy D Girard, E Wesley Ely. Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N Engl J Med 2014; 370 (2): 185–6.
7. Ferrante LE, Pisani MA, Murphy TE, Gahbauer EA, Leo-Summers LS, Gill TM. Factors associated with functional recovery among older intensive care unit survivors. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2016; 194 (3): 299–307.
8. Guerra C, Hua M, Wunsch H Anesthesiology.Risk of a Diagnosis of Dementia for Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries after Intensive Care. 2015; 123 (5): 1105–1112.
9. Lee M, Kang J, Jeong YJ. Risk factors for post–intensive care syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian Critical Care. 2020; 33 (3): 287–294.
10. Fuke R, Hifumi T, Kondo Y, Hatakeyama J, Takei T, Yamakawa K, Inoue S, Nishida O. Early rehabilitation to prevent postintensive care syndrome in patients with critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2018; 8
11. Taito S, Shime N, Ota K, Yasuda H. Early mobilization of mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. Journal of intensive care. 2016; 4 (1): 1–7.
12. Ely, E. Wesley MD, MPH, FCCM The ABCDEF Bundle: Science and Philosophy of How ICU Liberation Serves Patients and Families, Critical Care Medicine 2017; 45 (2): 321–330
13. Nielsen AH, Angel S, Egerod I, Lund TH, Renberg M, Hansen TB. The effect of family-authored diaries on posttraumatic stress disorder in intensive care unit patients and their relatives: A randomised controlled trial (DRIP-study). Aust Crit Care. 2020; 33 (2): 123–129.
14. Blair KT, Eccleston SD, Binder HM, McCarthy MS. Improving the patient experience by implementing an ICU diary for those at risk of post-intensive care syndrome. Journal of patient experience. 2017; 4 (1): 4–9.
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19. Richards-Belle A, Mouncey PR, Wade D, Brewin CR, Emerson LM, Grieve R, Harrison DA, Harvey S, Howell D, Mythen M, Sadique Z. Psychological Outcomes following a nurse-led Preventative Psychological Intervention for critically ill patients (POPPI): protocol for a cluster-randomised clinical trial of a complex intervention. BMJ open. 2018; 8 (2):e020908.

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nVaricose vein are the malfunctioning disease of human body. Varicose veins are swollen, enlarged and twisted veins that frequently occur in legs, ankles and feet. The incompetent valves, obesity, prolonged sitting, history of cardiovascular disease and hereditary contribute for the development of varicose veins. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of Punjab policeman regarding varicose veins and its prevention in selected districts of Punjab. Methodology: A descriptive non- experimental research design was used to conduct the present study. Convenience sampling technique was used. 60 subjects from population were selected to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding varicose veins and its prevention. A Self Structured Questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge regarding varicose veins and Likert scale was used to assess attitude regarding prevention of varicose veins. Results: The result indicates that 13.33% policemen have good knowledge regarding varicose veins, 41.66% have average knowledge regarding varicose veins and 45% policemen have poor knowledge regarding varicose veins. The results of likert scale indicate that 65% of policemen have agreed to the preventive measures of varicose veins and 35% policemen have neutral response towards preventive measures of varicose veins.n

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1. Suddarth and Brunner, “Textbook of medical-surgical nursing” volume-I, Edition 12th, Publisher by wolters Kulwer, PP 884
2. Brand FN, Dannerberg AI, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. The epidemiology of varicose veins: the Framinghan study. Am J Prev Med.1988,March-April, 4(2):96-101. PMIO:3395496.
3. Gregory Piazza. “Circulation”, varicose veins, 2014;130(7):582–587.
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10. Sengupta M, Shadap RB et al. Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences.2018;4(2):17-20

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