International Journal of Nutritions

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are crucial for human health. They support structural brain development, visual acuity, and cardiovascular function, while also exhibiting potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.

Unani Medicine, a traditional complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) system, adopts a holistic, temperament-based approach to disease prevention and management.

Functional biomolecules have emerged as critical modulators of animal nutrition, extending beyond conventional nutrient supply to regulate biochemical and physiological processes that determine growth performance and health outcomes.

With the recent surge in market demand, health supplements particularly protein powders, have become increasingly vulnerable to quality deterioration, adulteration, and unethical marketing practices. Non-compliance with labeling regulations is on a rise.

This review investigates strategies to optimize nutrient utilization and microbial protein synthesis in ruminants, aiming to improve feed efficiency and enhance overall livestock productivity sustainably.

This review critically examines nutrient partitioning dynamics in dairy cows during the transition phase, a period that profoundly affects lactation and reproductive performance.