Pallabi Debnath,
Reeti Debnath,
- Student Dept. of Electronics & Communications, Heritage Institute of Technology Kolkata India
- Professor Department of Public Health, NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata India
Abstract
Healthcare can be defined as improvement of health of the population by preventing and curing disease (includes both physical and mental impairments) by proper diagnosis and treatment. Robotics is the study of two interdisciplinary subjects, one of which is engineering and the other is computer science. Robotics includes various processes such as construction, design, logical arrangement and use of robots for ensuring accuracy of the services to be provided. Robotics designs machines that has helped to replace humans and imitate their actions. Robotics gained more prominence in medical field during the COVID-19 pandemic, that struck the entire globe in late 2019s. While there is nothing inherently wrong about the use and application of advanced technology in service industries, whether robotics in healthcare sector would have a positive health-enhancing outcome or health-damaging outcome is a sought-after topic of discussion. This chapter is an attempt to review health articles from post 1980s, that have tried to interrogate similar questions. Besides, radically advancing the quality of care for the users and providers, it can generate better surgical outcomes, and quicker recovery due to lesser invasive surgeries and undoubtedly improve treatment and remote patient monitoring. While there are so many benefits, it doesn’t mean that there are no challenges involved when we integrate robotics into the medical field. Robots are liable to make errors. Due to investment and fund crunch, robotic tools and technologies are yet to enter developing and underdeveloped nations. The question certainly arises about its affordability to the masses as it continues to be found only in research institutes and advanced hospitals in majorly developed nations
Keywords: Robotics, healthcare, quality, care, outcome, affordability
[This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology(rrjomst)]
References
- Mathur, N. (2023, September 2). The Impact of Robotics and Automation on Healthcare. The Financial Express. Retrieved from https://www.financialexpress.com/business/digital-transformation-the-impact-of-robotics-and-automation-on-healthcare-3230349/
- International Organization for Standardization ISO 13482:2014(en) Robots and Robotic Devices—Safety Requirements for Personal Care Robots. [(accessed on 10 November 2022)]. Available online: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:13482:ed-1:v1:en
- International Organization for Standardization ISO 8373:2021(en) Robotics—Vocabulary. [(accessed on 10 November 2022)]. Available online: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8373:ed-3:v1:en
- Müller, Christopher; Kraus, Werner, Graf, Birgit; Bregler, Kevin (Eds.): World Robotics 2023 – Service Robots, IFR Statistical Department, VDMA Services GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 2023. https://ifr.org/img/worldrobotics/Executive_Summary_WR_Service_Robots_2023.pdf
- Dolic, Z., Castro, R., & Moarcas, A. (2019). Robots in Healthcare: A solution or a problem? Study for the Committee on Environment, Public Health, and Food Safety, Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, European Parliament, Luxembourg. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2019/638391/IPOL_IDA(2019)638391_EN.pdf
- Urwin, M. (2023, April 26). Medical Robots Transforming Healthcare: 11 examples. Built In. Retrieved from https://builtin.com/robotics/surgical-medical-healthcare-robotics-companies
- Murphy, D. P. (2023). The Future of Robots in medicine. Robotics in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-87865-4.00012-1
- Delve Insight. (2022, August 16). Robots in Healthcare: Benefit, disadvantages and future of Medical Robot. Delve Insight Business Research. Retrieved from https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/robotics-in-healthcare
- Infection Control Today. (2020, November 14). Life Line hospital enhances patient safety by deploying a xenex germ-zapping robot. Infection Control Today. https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/life-line-hospital-enhances-patient-safety-deploying-xenex-germ-zapping-robot
- Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University. (2024, March 14). 5 Medical Robots making a difference in healthcare. CWRU Online Engineering. https://online-engineering.case.edu/blog/medical-robots-making-a-difference
- Ross, L. (2023, February 27). 6 medical robots making a difference in healthcare. Thomasnet® – Product Sourcing and Supplier Discovery Platform – Find North American Manufacturers, Suppliers and Industrial Companies. Retrieved from https://www.thomasnet.com/insights/6-medical-robots-making-a-difference-in-healthcare/
- Felder R. A. (1991). Laboratory Systems Integration: Robotics and Automation. Annales de Biologie Clinique, 49(5), 298–300. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1928847/
- Assefa, Yibeltal, Charles F. Gilks, Simon Reid, Remco van de Pas, Dereje Gedle Gete, and Wim Van Damme. (February 4, 2022). Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons towards a More Effective Response to Public Health Emergencies. Globalization and Health 18 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-022-00805-9.
- Gerretsen, I. (2021, July 12). Robots are joining the fight against Coronavirus in India | CNN business. CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/11/tech/robots-india-covid-spc-intl/index.html
- Meisenzahl, M. (2020, May 9). An Indian Hospital is using robots with thermal cameras to screen coronavirus patients – here’s how they work. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/an-indian-hospital-is-using-robots-with-thermal-cameras-to-screen-coronavirus-patients-x2014-hereaposs-how-they-work/slidelist/75646449.cms#slideid=75646621
- Raje, S., Reddy, N., Jerbi, H., Randhawa, P., Tsaramirsis, G., Shrivas, N. V., Pavlopoulou, A., Stojmenović, M., & Piromalis, D. (2021). Applications of healthcare robots in combating the covid-19 pandemic. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2021, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7099510
- Ramalingam, B., Yin, J., Rajesh Elara, M., Tamilselvam, Y. K., Mohan Rayguru, M., Muthugala, M. A. V. J., & Félix Gómez, B. (2020). A Human Support Robot for the Cleaning and Maintenance of Door Handles Using a Deep-Learning Framework. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 20(12), 3543. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123543
- Shen, Y., Guo, D., Long, F., Mateos, L. A., Ding, H., Xiu, Z., Hellman, R. B., King, A., Chen, S., Zhang, C., & Tan, H. (2021). Robots under covid-19 pandemic: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Access, 9, 1590–1615. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045792
- Crowe, S. (2020, May 29). Throat swabbing robot developed for COVID-19 testing by Danish startup. The Robot Report. Retrieved from https://www.therobotreport.com/danish-startup-develops-throat-swabbing-robot-for-covid-19-testing/
- Staff, T. R. R. (2020, March 30). How robotics helps diagnose COVID-19 at new lab. Retrieved from https://www.therobotreport.com/liquid-handling-robot-covid-19-new-lab/
- Holland, J., Kingston, L., McCarthy, C., Armstrong, E., O’Dwyer, P., Merz, F., & McConnell, M. (2021). Service Robots in the Healthcare Sector. Robotics, 10(1), 47. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics10010047
- Gangopadhyay, S., & Ukil, A. (2021). Being resilient to deal with attrition of nurses in private COVID-19 hospitals: Critical analysis with respect to the crisis in Kolkata, India. Healthcare Informatics for Fighting COVID-19 and Future Epidemics, 353–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72752-9_18
- Craig, J. E., Martin-Krajewski, C. A., Bledsoe, J. M., Wensink, L. J., Crawford, N. S., Eberhardt, A. M., Grottke, K. L., & Helmers, R. A. (2021). Regional Specialty Surgical Practice Efficiencies Gained as a Result of COVID-19. Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes, 5(4), 693–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.06.003
- Hemli, J. M., & Patel, N. C. (2020). Robotic Cardiac Surgery. The Surgical clinics of North America, 100(2), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2019.12.005S.
- Shah, S. K., Felinski, M. M., Wilson, T. D., Bajwa, K. S., & Wilson, E. B. (2020). Next-generation surgical robots. Digital Surgery, 401–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49100-0_30
- Neri, E., Coppola, F., Miele, V., Bibbolino, C., & Grassi, R. (2020). Artificial Intelligence: Who is responsible for the diagnosis? La Radiologia Medica, 125(6), 517–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-020-01135-9
- World Report on Disability: 2011. 1st ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
- Ho NS, Tong KY, Hu XL, Fung KL, Wei XJ, Rong W, et al. An EMG-driven exoskeleton hand robotic training device on chronic stroke subjects: Task training system for stroke rehabilitation. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics. 2011 Jun; doi:10.1109/icorr.2011.5975340
- “Ageing and Health.” World Health Organization, October 1, 2022. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health.
- Graf, Birgit, Matthias Hans, and Rolf D. Schraft. “Care-O-Bot II—Development of a Next Generation Robotic Home Assistant.” Autonomous Robots 16, no. 2 (March 2004): 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:auro.0000016865.35796.e9.
- Do H. M., Pham M., Sheng W., Yang D., Liu M. RiSH: a robot-integrated smart home for elderly care. Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 2018;101:74–92. doi: 10.1016/j.robot.2017.12.008.
- Pripfl J., Körtner T., Batko-Klein D., et al. Results of a real world trial with a mobile social service robot for older adults. Proceedings of the 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI); March 2016; Christchurch, New Zealand. IEEE.
- Correspondent, S. (2016, July 10). Devi Shetty: Healthcare sector will drive economy of 21st century. The Hindu. Retrieved from https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Devi-Shetty-healthcare-sector-will-drive-economy-of-21st-century/article14480645.ece
- Debnath, R. (2009a). The Global Economic Slowdown and its Impact on the Indian Healthcare Industry. AIMA E-Journal of Management & Research (AJMR), 3(4), 1-14. Retrieved from https://apps.aima.in/ejournal_new/articlespdf/case_study_reeti_debnath_24080991200949030.pdf
- Giuliani, M., Mirnig, N., Stollnberger, G., Stadler, S., Buchner, R., & Tscheligi, M. (2015). Systematic analysis of video data from different human-robot interaction studies: a categorization of social signals during error situations. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 931. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00931
- Honig, S., & Oron-Gilad, T. (2018). Understanding and Resolving Failures in Human-Robot Interaction: Literature Review and Model Development. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 861. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00861
- Bora, G. S., Mavuduru, R. S., Devana, S. K., Singh, S. K., & Mandal, A. K. (2018). Scratch to state-of-the-art: setting up a new robotic facility in a developing country. Journal of Robotic Surgery, 12(1), 193–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-016-0618-4
- Bhayani, S. B., Link, R. E., Varkarakis, J. M., & Kavoussi, L. R. (2005). Complete daVinci versus laparoscopic pyeloplasty: cost analysis. Journal of Endourology, 19(3), 327–332. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2005.19.327
- Nelivigi G. G. (2007). Robotic surgery: India is not ready yet. Indian journal of urology: IJU: Journal of the Urological Society of India, 23(3), 240–244. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.33443
- Czaja SJ, Charness N, Fisk AD, Hertzog C, Nair SN, Rogers WA, et al. Factors predicting the use of technology: Findings from the Center for Research and Education on Aging and Technology Enhancement (CREATE). Psychology and Aging. 2006 Jun;21(2):333–52. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.333
Research & Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology
Volume | 13 |
Issue | 02 |
Received | March 26, 2024 |
Accepted | June 22, 2024 |
Published | August 12, 2024 |