Kamini P. Sao,
- Assistant Professor Child Health Nursing Kasturba Nursing College, Sevagram Maharashtra India
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) represents a formidable challenge in neonatal medicine, particularly afflicting premature infants with its characteristic features of severe intestinal inflammation and necrosis. Despite advancements in neonatal care, NEC continues to exact a heavy toll, standing as a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population. Its multifaceted etiology, encompassing prematurity, enteral feeding practices, alterations in microbial colonization, and episodes of intestinal ischemia, underscores the complexity of its management. Clinical manifestations of NEC span a spectrum, ranging from subtle signs of feeding intolerance to profound systemic illness with signs of sepsis and bowel perforation. Given the potentially rapid progression of the disease, early recognition and prompt initiation of treatment are imperative. Diagnostic modalities include a combination of clinical assessment, laboratory investigations (such as inflammatory markers and blood cultures), and radiographic imaging (notably abdominal X-rays and ultrasound). Treatment strategies for NEC involve a multidisciplinary approach, integrating supportive measures such as fluid resuscitation and respiratory support, antimicrobial therapy targeted against likely pathogens, judicious use of bowel rest and parenteral nutrition, and surgical intervention for cases of severe bowel necrosis or perforation. Preventive strategies are crucial in mitigating the incidence and severity of NEC, emphasizing the promotion of human milk feeding, optimization of enteral nutrition protocols, meticulous attention to infection control practices, and judicious use of antibiotics. This comprehensive review aims to provide an encompassing overview of NEC, elucidating its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, and preventative measures. Enhanced understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying NEC pathogenesis is essential for refining preventative strategies and improving outcomes in this high-risk patient population
Keywords: Necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC, neonate, prematurity, intestinal necrosis, gastrointestinal disorder
[This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology(rrjomst)]
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Research & Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 02 |
| Received | April 4, 2024 |
| Accepted | June 22, 2024 |
| Published | August 13, 2024 |
