[{“box”:0,”content”:”[if 992 equals=”Open Access”]n
n
Open Access
nn
n
n[/if 992]n
n
n
n
n
n
Patel Chitrang Kumar Shaileshbhai,
n
- n t
n
n
n[/foreach]
n
n[if 2099 not_equal=”Yes”]n
- [foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t
- Assistant Professor Department of Physiology, Laxmi Memorial College of Physiotherapy Mangalore Karnataka India
n[/if 1175][/foreach]
n[/if 2099][if 2099 equals=”Yes”][/if 2099]n
Abstract
nBackground: School bags are one of the several forms of manual load carriage used by school children. Carrying school bags that exceed 10% of body weight can lead to heightened energy expenditure, causing increased forward lean of the neck and trunk, reduced lung capacity, and elevated cardio-respiratory measures. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are characterized by injuries or disorders affecting muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, or spinal discs, as diagnosed by healthcare providers, excluding injuries resulting from slips, falls, or accidents. . Various factors contribute to school children’s health issues, including carrying heavy school bags, maintaining improper sitting posture, and inadequate environmental conditions. Recent attention has primarily centered on the impact of school bag weight on back pain. Studies indicate that carrying a school bag exceeding 15% of body weight elevates the likelihood of experiencing back pain. The purpose of the study was to find out the relationship between School bag weight (SBW) and Musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) in school going children.
Objective: To correlate the School bag weight and musculoskeletal discomfort in school going children Method: A total of 500 children, comprising both boys and girls who met the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, were recruited for the study. Prior to participation, informed consent was obtained from the parents and teachers of the children. The initial meeting with the students takes place and an explanation of the study is given. Afterward, their school bags’ weight was assessed using an electronic weighing scale. Weight and height of students will be measured using inch tap and weighing scale. BMI was calculated using these measurements. Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire was given to the students and asked to fill the questionnaire. The questionnaire served as a means to assess musculoskeletal discomfort in children.. The data obtained from questionnaire and bag weight and BMI was subjected to statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was done by using Karl Pearson correlation coefficient (r- value) to predict the score on school bag weight with musculoskeletal discomfort. P value <0.002 was taken as the level of statistical significance. Results: The negative pearson correlation between SBWT and STBMI of -1.35 and positive person correlation between SBWT and CMDQ of .256. The negative correlation states that as the SBWT increases the STBMI decreases. And the positive correlation states that as the SBWT increases the CMDQ also increases. Conclusion: School bag weight (SBWT) had a strong correlation with Musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) in SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN.
n
Keywords: School Bag Weight, Students Hight And Weight, MSD, BMI.
n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences(rrjols)]
n
n
n
n
n
nn[if 992 equals=”Open Access”] Full Text PDF Download[/if 992] n
nn[if 379 not_equal=””]n
Browse Figures
n
n[/if 379]n
References
n[if 1104 equals=””]n
- Schmale GA. More evidence of educational inadequacies in musculoskeletal medicine. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®. 2005 Aug 1;437:251-9..
- Nussinovitch M, Finkelstein Y, Amir J, Greenbaum E, Volovitz B. Adolescent screening for orthopedic problems in high school. Public Health. 2002 Jan 1;116(1):30-2.
- O’Donnell, J. L., D. Smyth, and C. Frampton. “Prioritizing health‐care funding.” Internal medicine journal7 (2005): 409-412.
- Sugita K. Epidemiological study on idiopathic scoliosis in high school students. Prevalence and relation to physique, physical strength and motor ability. [Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi] Japanese Journal of Public Health. 2000 Apr 1;47(4):320-5.
- Whittfield J, Legg SJ, Hedderley DI. Schoolbag weight and musculoskeletal symptoms in New Zealand secondary schools. Applied ergonomics. 2005 Mar 1;36(2):193-8..
- Voll, H., and F. Klimt. “Strain in children caused by schoolbags.” (1977): 369-378.
- Sjolie AN. Associations between activities and low back pain in adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2004 Dec;14(6):352-9.
- Dianat I, Javadivala Z, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Asl Hashemi A, Haslegrave CM. The use of schoolbags and musculoskeletal symptoms among primary school children: are the recommended weight limits adequate?. Ergonomics. 2013 Jan 1;56(1):79-89.
- Casey, Gemma. “A pilot study of the weight of schoolbags carried by 10-year old children.” Physiother Ireland17 (1996): 17-21.
- The weight of schoolbags and the occurrence of neck, shoulder and back pain in young Spine 28: 916–921.
- Balague F, Skovron M, Nordin M, Gonzague L, Waldburger M (1995) Low back pain in schoolchildren. A study of familial and psychological factors. Spine 20: 1265–1270.
- Sjolie AN (2003) Active or passive journeys and low back pain in European Spine Journal 12:581–588.
- Siambanes D, Martinez JW, Butler EW, Haider T (2004) Influence of school backpacks on adolescent back Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics24: 211–217.
- Viry P, Creveuil C, Marcelli C (1999) Nonspecific back pain in Revue DuRhumatisme (Eng Ed) 66: 381–388.
- Carolyn Sommerich.The backpack problem is evident but the solution is less obvious.A journal of prevention, assessment and rehabilitation. 20009;32(3):329- 338.
- David Siambanes, Jason Martinez, Edgar W.Butler,Thomas Haider. J Peadiatr Orthop. 2004;24:211-217.
- Jing Xian Li, Youlian Age difference in trunk kinematics during walking with different backpack weights in 6re to 12 year old children. Research in sports medicine. 20004 April;12(2):135-42.
- Youlian Gait pattern,heart rate blood pressure of children in load carriage. http://w4.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/article/view/4103/3801M.Ramprasad,Jeba Alias,AK Raghuveer. Effect of backpack weight on postural angles in preadolescent children. Indian Paediatrics. 2004 July;47:575-580.
- Jing Xian Li,Youlin Hong,Paul D The effect of load carriage on movement kinematics and respiratory parameters in children during walking. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;90:35-43.
- Hong Y,Li X,Wong AS,Robinson Effects of load carriage on heart rate, blood pressure and energy expenditure in children. Ergonomics. 2000 Jun;43(6):717-27.
nn[/if 1104][if 1104 not_equal=””]n
- [foreach 1102]n t
- [if 1106 equals=””], [/if 1106][if 1106 not_equal=””],[/if 1106]
n[/foreach]
n[/if 1104]
nn
nn[if 1114 equals=”Yes”]n
n[/if 1114]
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
| Volume | ||
| [if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] | ||
| Received | March 7, 2024 | |
| Accepted | July 5, 2024 | |
| Published | July 20, 2024 |
n
n
n
n
n
n nfunction myFunction2() {nvar x = document.getElementById(“browsefigure”);nif (x.style.display === “block”) {nx.style.display = “none”;n}nelse { x.style.display = “Block”; }n}ndocument.querySelector(“.prevBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {nchangeSlides(-1);n});ndocument.querySelector(“.nextBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {nchangeSlides(1);n});nvar slideIndex = 1;nshowSlides(slideIndex);nfunction changeSlides(n) {nshowSlides((slideIndex += n));n}nfunction currentSlide(n) {nshowSlides((slideIndex = n));n}nfunction showSlides(n) {nvar i;nvar slides = document.getElementsByClassName(“Slide”);nvar dots = document.getElementsByClassName(“Navdot”);nif (n > slides.length) { slideIndex = 1; }nif (n (item.style.display = “none”));nArray.from(dots).forEach(nitem => (item.className = item.className.replace(” selected”, “”))n);nslides[slideIndex – 1].style.display = “block”;ndots[slideIndex – 1].className += ” selected”;n}n”}]