Ambika Nand Jha,
Varsha R. Gaikwad,
Abstract
The established and potential roles of CCK1 and CCK2 receptors in gastrointestinal (GI) and metabolic diseases are analyzed, along with findings from human studies involving agonists and antagonists. While there is considerable evidence implicating CCK1R in various diseases such as pancreatic disorders, motility disorders, tumor growth, satiety regulation, and CCK-deficient states, its specific role in these conditions remains ambiguous. Conversely, the role of CCK2R in physiological (e.g., atrophic gastritis) and pathological (e.g., Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) hypergastrinemic states, its effects on gastric mucosa, and its involvement in acid-peptic disorders are well-defined. Recent research also suggests a potential role for CCK2R in various GI malignancies. Current data from human trials investigating CCK2R antagonists are presented, along with their potential therapeutic implications for these conditions. Additionally, the utilization of CCK2 receptors as targets for medical imaging is discussed. Despite being among the earliest discovered gastrointestinal hormones, significant advancements in our understanding of CCK and gastrin signaling have been achieved through structural characterization, pharmacological identification, receptor cloning (CCK1R, CCK2R), and the development of receptor antagonists. Further insights have been gained from studies involving receptor and agonist knockout animals, as well as the characterization of receptor location and gene expression [6]. This review focuses on elucidating the roles of CCK and gastrin and their receptors (CCK1R and CCK2R) in gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases, with particular emphasis on human studies and the potential for utilizing these insights for the treatment of human ailments.
Keywords: Gastrointestinal, cholecystokinin (CCK), CCK1R, CCK2R, Malignancies
[This article belongs to International Journal of Biomedical Innovations and Engineering(ijbie)]
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| Volume | 02 |
| Issue | 02 |
| Received | March 21, 2024 |
| Accepted | April 22, 2024 |
| Published | May 15, 2024 |