[{“box”:0,”content”:”n[if 992 equals=”Open Access”]n
n
Open Access
nn
n
n[/if 992]n
n
n
n
n
n
Neelam Kumari, Dinesh Kumar, Shwata Bhatia, Shivani Seraik, Ritu Sharma
n
- n t
n
n
n[/foreach]
n
n[if 2099 not_equal=”Yes”]n
- [foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t
- Assistant Professor, Ph.D. Scholar, Ph.D. Scholar, Assistant professor, HOD Department of Biosciences, HPU, Shimla, Department of Biosciences, HPU, Shimla, Department of Biosciences, HPU, Shimla, Department of Zoology, Government College Solan, Department of Zoology, Gautam College Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh India, India, India, India, India
n[/if 1175][/foreach]
n[/if 2099][if 2099 equals=”Yes”][/if 2099]n
Abstract
nPollination is a critical mechanism for maintaining and conserving biodiversity, with pollinator diversity playing a major role for the enhancement of food security and livelihoods. Pollinators provide the essential service of enabling plants to produce fruits and seeds in our ecosystems. These pollinators come from many groups within the kingdom Animala, including insects, birds, bats and reptiles. Among them, arthropods, especially honey bees, are pivotal In delivering pollination services to flowering plants. Additional important pollinators include halictids, carpenter bees, bumblebees, megachilids, andrenids, syrphids etc. Bees visit plants to obtain their food, nectar and pollen and also attracted by nectars rich in sugar content and pollens with higher nutritive values. Four important species of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) found in India: Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, Apis florae and Apis andreniformes. The two most common pollinators of vegetables and horticultural crops are the Indian hive bee, Apis cerana, and the rock bee, Apis dorsata. Declines of pollinator population are a serious global issue that has attracted the attention of experts, decision-makers and the general public. Nevertheless, parasitic mites, diseases of honey bees and the less survival of honey bees to unfavourable weather conditions are some of the difficulties that affect modern beekeeping. To effectively implement initiatives for pollinator conservation and habitat restoration there should be collaboration among governments, legislators, corporations, scientists, farmers and citizens globally. These difficulties jeopardise honeybees’ overall value as pollinators. As a result, safeguarding honey bee biodiversity and wild pollinators is vital for maximising the potential yields of varied agricultural and horticultural products, developing hybrid seeds, growing crops in poly-houses, and preserving the country’s rare and distinctive species.
n
Keywords: Pollination, Beekeeping, Pollinators, Honey Bees, Conservation
n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to International Journal of Insects(iji)]
n
n
n
n
n
nn[if 992 equals=”Open Access”] Full Text PDF Download[/if 992] n
nn[if 379 not_equal=””]n
Browse Figures
n
n[/if 379]n
References
n[if 1104 equals=””]n
- J. 42: 523. Sakagami SE (1966). Techniques for the observation of behavior and social organization of stingless bees by using a special hive. Papeis Avulsos (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 19: 151-162.
- Bohart GE (1971). Management of habitats for wild bees. Tall Timbers Conf. on Ecological Animal Control by Habitat Management, Feb. 25-27, Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Fla. Proc. 2: 253-266.
- Bohart GE (1972). Management of wild bees for the pollination of crops. Ann. Rev. Ent. 17: 287-312. Free JB, Williams IH (1970). preliminary investigations on the occupation of artificial nests by Osmia rufa (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). J. Appl. Ecol. 7: 559-566
- Carreck, N. L., & Williams, I. H. (1998). The economic value of bees in the UK. Bee World, 79, 115-123.
- Crozier R.H. (1992) Genetic diversity and the agony of choice, Biol. Conserv. 61, 11–15.
- Dulta, P. C., & Verma, L. R. (1987). Role of insect pollinators on yield and quality of apple fruit. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 44, 274-279.
- Gupta, J. K., Rana, B. S., & Sharma, H. K. (2000). Pollination of kiwifruit in Himachal Pradesh. In Asian Bees and Beekeeping: Progress of Research and Development. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference, Kathmandu (p.274).
- Humphries C.J., Williams P.H., Vane Wright R.I. (1995) Measuring biodiversity value for conservation, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 26, 93–111.
- Klein AM, Vaissière BE, Cane JH (2007). “Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B, vol. 274, no. 1608, pp. 303–313.
- May R.M. (1994) Conceptual aspects of the quantification of the extent of biological diversity, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 345, 13–20.
- Michener CD. (2007). The bees of the world (2nd Edn.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Partap, U. (1998). Successful pollination of apples in Himachal Pradesh. Beekeeping and Development, 48, 6-7.
- Partap, U., & Partap, T. (2000). Pollination of apples in China. Beekeeping and Development, 54, 6-7.
- Partap, U., & Partap, T. (2002). Warning Signals from Apple Valleys of the HKH Region: Productivity Concerns and Pollination Problems, Kathmandu: ICIMOD, pp 106.
- Partap, U., Partap, T. & Yonghua, H. (2001). Pollination failure in apple crop and farmers’ management strategies. Acta Horticulturae, 561, 225-230.
- Rai, N., Yadav, D. S., Rai, A. B., Rai, M., Yadav, R. K., & Sanwal, S. K. (2008). Enhancing vegetable production in north eastern hill region. ENVIS Bulletin: Himalayan Ecology, 16(2), 1-7.
- Southwick, E. E., & Southwick, L. (1992). Estimating the economic value of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as agricultural pollinators in the United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85, 621-633
- Verma, L. R., & Partap, U. (1994). Foraging behaviour of Apis cerana on cabbage and cauliflower and its impact on seed production. Journal of Apicultural Research, 33, 231-236.
- Verma, S., & Attri, P. K. (2008). Indigenous beekeeping for sustainable development in Himachal Himalaya. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 7(2), 221-225.
nn[/if 1104][if 1104 not_equal=””]n
- [foreach 1102]n t
- [if 1106 equals=””], [/if 1106][if 1106 not_equal=””],[/if 1106]
n[/foreach]
n[/if 1104]
nn
nn[if 1114 equals=”Yes”]n
n[/if 1114]
n
n
n
| Volume | ||
| [if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] | ||
| Received | June 19, 2024 | |
| Accepted | June 29, 2024 | |
| Published | July 2, 2024 |
n
n
n
n
n
n function myFunction2() {n var x = document.getElementById(“browsefigure”);n if (x.style.display === “block”) {n x.style.display = “none”;n }n else { x.style.display = “Block”; }n }n document.querySelector(“.prevBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {n changeSlides(-1);n });n document.querySelector(“.nextBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {n changeSlides(1);n });n var slideIndex = 1;n showSlides(slideIndex);n function changeSlides(n) {n showSlides((slideIndex += n));n }n function currentSlide(n) {n showSlides((slideIndex = n));n }n function showSlides(n) {n var i;n var slides = document.getElementsByClassName(“Slide”);n var dots = document.getElementsByClassName(“Navdot”);n if (n > slides.length) { slideIndex = 1; }n if (n (item.style.display = “none”));n Array.from(dots).forEach(n item => (item.className = item.className.replace(” selected”, “”))n );n slides[slideIndex – 1].style.display = “block”;n dots[slideIndex – 1].className += ” selected”;n }nn”}]