Review of Ayurvedic Drugs on Acid-peptic Diseases Regarding Its Personalized Management

[{“box”:0,”content”:”[if 992 equals=”Open Access”]n

n

n

n

Open Access

nn

n

n[/if 992]n

n

Year : June 21, 2024 at 5:39 pm | [if 1553 equals=””] Volume : [else] Volume :[/if 1553] | [if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] : | Page : –

n

n

n

n

n

n

By

n

[foreach 286]n

n

n

Anshul, Ravina Yadav

n

    n t

  • n

n

n[/foreach]

n

n[if 2099 not_equal=”Yes”]n

    [foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t

  1. Associate Professor, Assistant Professor Department of Panchkarma, GBAC, Rohtak, 124303., Department of Panchkarma, GBAC, Rohtak, 124303. Haryana, Haryana India, India
  2. n[/if 1175][/foreach]

n[/if 2099][if 2099 equals=”Yes”][/if 2099]n

n

Abstract

nAcid-peptic Disease (~Amlapitta) is an illness wide-spread all around the world. In Ayurveda, Vidahi (which cause burning) and Pitta (dosha responsible for metabolic activities) aggravating diet and stressful –sedentary life-style has been stated as one of the leading cause for acceleration of Amlapitta. Detailed reviewing of drugs given in Ayurvedic texts are done according to specific stage of disease, Amlapitta Dosha predominance, chronicity, associated conditions, dosage, Anupana etc. Screening the classical texts of Ayurveda extensively resulted in 85 formulations comprising different combinations as per Dosha and Vyadhi stages. These formulations were presented with different dosage forms such as Ghrita (9), Tail (1), Vati (10), Churna (11), Awaleha (16), decoction (16) and herbo-mineral(22)formulations. 63 herbal preparations were taken for analysis. Herbo-mineral drugs are excluded from analysis. Formulas can be varied according to requirement of personalized management as emphasized in Ayurveda. Generally, Tikta Rasa have Srotoshodhan and Pitta pacifying effect. Since disease has dominant association of Kapha and Pitta Dosha, so Tikta Rasa enriched drugs in combination with Deepan-pachan drugs are described along with some other drugs according to associated conditions. Dosage forms are also changed according to nature, chronicity of disease. Artificial intelligence tool can be implemented to prevent and manage this disease more specifically and error free according to various conditions like mode of action of drugs, percentage relief according to specific conditions etc.

n

n

n

Keywords: Ayurveda, Acid-peptic Disease, Amlapitta, Pachan and srotoshodhan

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy(joayush)]

n

[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy(joayush)][/if 424][if 424 equals=”Conference”]This article belongs to Conference [/if 424]

n

n

n

How to cite this article: Anshul, Ravina Yadav. Review of Ayurvedic Drugs on Acid-peptic Diseases Regarding Its Personalized Management. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. June 21, 2024; ():-.

n

How to cite this URL: Anshul, Ravina Yadav. Review of Ayurvedic Drugs on Acid-peptic Diseases Regarding Its Personalized Management. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. June 21, 2024; ():-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/joayush/article=June 21, 2024/view=0

nn[if 992 equals=”Open Access”] Full Text PDF Download[/if 992] n[if 992 not_equal=”Open Access”]

[/if 992]n[if 992 not_equal=”Open Access”]

n


n

n[/if 992]nn[if 379 not_equal=””]n

Browse Figures

n

n

[foreach 379]n

n[/foreach]n

n

n

n[/if 379]n

n

References

n[if 1104 equals=””]n

  1. Lakshmipati Shashtri, Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on Yogratnakar Uttarardh, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varansi, 2015, verse 31/01P.237
  2. Kashinath Shashtri and Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on Charak Samhita-II, Chikitsa sthan,Chaukhambha Bharti Academy, Varansi, 2011,Verse 115/44, pg-460.
  3. Fauci Anthony, Kasper Dennis, Hauser Stephen, Longo Dan, Loscalzo Joseph, Jameson J. Larry. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicines volume-II, Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Symptoms, 16th ed. McGraw Hill Medical publishing division: United States of America, 2005. p. 1742.
  4. Fauci Anthony, Kasper Dennis, Hauser Stephen, Longo Dan, Loscalzo Joseph, Jameson J. Larry. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicines volume-II, Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Chapter-274, 16th ed. McGraw Hill Medical publishing division: United States of America, 2005. 1760.
  5. Fauci Anthony, Kasper Dennis, Hauser Stephen, Longo Dan, Loscalzo Joseph, Jameson J. Larry. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicines volume-II, Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Chapter-274, 16th ed.  McGraw Hill Medical publishing division: United States of America, 2005. 1736
  6. Fauci Anthony, Kasper Dennis, Hauser Stephen, Longo Dan, Loscalzo Joseph, Jameson J. Larry. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicines volume-II, Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Chapter-329, 16th ed. McGraw Hill Medical publishing division: United States of America, 2005. 2227.
  7. Fauci Anthony, Kasper Dennis, Hauser Stephen, Longo Dan, Loscalzo Joseph, Jameson J. Larry. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicines volume-II, Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Chapter-274, 16th ed. McGraw Hill Medical publishing division: United States of America, 2005. 1742
  8. Mejia, Alex, and Walter K Kraft. “Acid peptic diseases: pharmacological approach to treatment.” Expert review of clinical pharmacology vol. 2,3 (2009): 295-314. doi:10.1586/ecp.09.8
  9. Sweis R, Fox M. The global burden of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: more than just heartburn and regurgitation. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2020 Jun 1;5(6):519-21.
  10. Scholten, Theo. “Long-term management of gastroesophageal reflux disease with pantoprazole.” Therapeutics and clinical risk management vol. 3,2 (2007): 231-43. doi:10.2147/tcrm.2007.3.2.231
  11. Kinoshita, Yoshikazu et al. “Advantages and Disadvantages of Long-term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use.” Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility vol. 24,2 (2018): 182-196. doi:10.5056/jnm18001
  12. Vaidya Shree Lakshmipati Shastri, edited by Brahamshankar shastri, Yogratnakar with Vidyotini hindi commentary, Chaukhanba Prakashan, Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta prakaran, verse 2, page 240
  13. Kashinath Shashtri and Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on Charak Samhita-II, Chikitsa sthan,Chaukhambha Bharti Academy, Varansi, 2011,Verse 12/52, pg-366.
  14. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri Chakrapani Datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 07, page 295
  15. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri chakrapani datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa Prakaran, chapter 52, verse 9, page 295
  16. Indra dev tripathi, chakradatta on Shri chakrapani datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 26, page 297
  17. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri Chakrapani Datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 17, page 296
  18. Indra dev tripathi, chakradatta on Shri chakrapani datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 6, page 295
  19. Pandit Hemraja Sharma, editor. Kashyapa Samhita with Vidhyotini Hindi commentary. Khil Sthana, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi, 3rd ed. 2008, Chapter 16. Verse 44-48, p.335.

 

  1. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri Chakrapani Datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 14, page 296.
  2. Elaborated by Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri chakrapani datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 18, page 296.
  3. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri Chakrapani Datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 19, page 297
  4. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta On Shri Chakrapani Datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 13, page 296
  5. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri Chakrapani Datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 12, page 296
  6. Vaidya Shree Lakshmi Pati Shastri, edited by Brahamshankar Shastri, Yogratnakar with Vidyotini hindi commentary, chaukhanba prakashan, Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta prakaran, verse 3, page 240
  7. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri Chakrapani Datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 10, page 296
  8. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri Chakrapani Datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 15, page 296
  9. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri Chakrapani Datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 11, page 296
  10. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri Chakrapani Datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 20, page 297
  11. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri Chakrapani Datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 27-28, page 297
  12. Indra Dev Tripathi, Chakradatta on Shri Chakrapani Datta, Vaidayaprabha Hindi Commentary, edited by Ramanath Dwivedy, Chaukhamba sanskrit Bhawan Varansi, reprint edition 2015, Amlapitta Chikitsa prakaran, chapter 52, verse 8, page 295
  13. Baragi, U. C., & Vyas, M. K. (2012). Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of Dashanga Kwatha Ghana Vati in the management of Urdhwaga Amlapitta (Non-ulcer dyspepsia). Ayu, 33(2), 219–223. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.105241
  14. K, & K.Ravindra Bhat. (2020). A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VASADI DASHANGA KWATHA AND PATOLADI KWATHA IN AMLAPITTA (NON ULCER DYSPEPSIA). International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research, 8(10), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.47070/ijapr.v8i10.1635
  15. Anshul, Dr. Alok kumar Srivastava, & Dr. Pooja Rohilla. (2021). Randomized parallel group clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of Virechana Karma and Khanda Pippali Avaleha in Amlapitta. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 6(01), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.21760/jaims.v6i01.1174
  16. Deepika Yadav. A comparative clinical management of amlapitta (gastritis) with khanda kushmanda avaleha and narikela khanda avaleha. WJPR. 2020, 9(1):1943-51. DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20201-16695. https://wjpr.net/abstract_file/13721
  17. Baragi Pramod, Patgiri BJ, Pradeep Prajapati and Basavaiah Ravishankar. Anti ulcer activity of Narikela Khanda and Narikela Khanda granules. AYU. 2009, 30(4):484-488.https://www.ayujournal.org/temp/Ayu304484-4795168_131911.pdf
  18. Ghosh K, Baghel MS. A clinical study to evaluate the role of Doshikpredominance in the management of Amlapitta. Ayu. 2017, 38(1-2):15-23. doi: 10.4103/ayu.AYU_75_14.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5954255/
  19. Amruta R. Suryawanshi, Vd. Mayuri N. Manwatkar, Vd. Prasad V. Kulkarni. Systemic review and analysis of research on Amlapitta, J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2020, 5(3):112-115. doi: 10.21760/JAIMS.V5I03.920. https://www.jaims.in/jaims/article/view/920/938.
  20. Aboli Patil and Varghese Jibi :A Comparative Clinical Study Of Yavadi Ghana Vati And Guduchyadi Ghana Vati In The agement Of Amlapitta. IAMJ. 2012. 3(2): 369-374.https://1library.net/document/zwkkje0z-comparative-clinical-study-yavadi-ghana-guduchyadi-management-amlapitta.html
  21. Solanki UN, Parmar DK. Comparative Clinical Efficacy of Guduchyadi Syrup and Guduchyadi Ghanvati in Management of Amlapitta. IJAM 2020 Jul. 3;11(2):261-4. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v11i2.1467.https://www.ijam.co.in/index.php/ijam/article/view/1467.
  22. Yadav AS. “Study of therapeutic effect of Kushmand Khanda in Urdhwaga Amlapitta: Randomize Clinical Trial”. IJ-RIM. 2020, 4(06):1-6. DOI:52482/ayurline.v4i06.464.https://www.ayurline.in/index.php/ayurline/article/view/464
  23. Hosur Chaitrika, Belavadi S.N. Comparative Effect of Khandamalaki Rasayana and Gudakushmandaka Rasayana in Urdwaga Amlapitta. IJAPR. 2021, 9(10): 25-30. doi.org/10.47070/ijapr.v9i10.2149. https://ijapr.in/index.php/ijapr/article/view/2147/1460.
  24. Nagalakshmi A. S., Dr. Muralidhara and Dr. Vijayalakshmi S. A comparative clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of patoladi kwatha and paaribhadradi kwatha in the management of Amlapitta. EJPMR 2020, 7(11):810-814. https://storage.googleapis.com/journal-uploads/ejpmr/article_issue/1604487113.pdf
  25. Prajapati SM, Patel BR. A comparative clinical study of Jethimala (Taverniera nummularia Baker.) and Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) in the management of Amlapitta. Ayu. 2015, 36(2):157-62. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.175551. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27011716/
  26. Chhimpa DR, Mothaliya DK, Dadhich POP. Clinical Study of khandakushmanda Avaleha And Patoladi kwatha on Amlapitta w.s.r. GERD (Acidity) – A Pilot Study. International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga. 2021, 4(1):33-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2021.4104.https://irjay.com/index.php/irjay/article/view/393.
  27. Bhanupriya Damba, P.V Joshi, Venkatesh. P. A placebo controlled double blind comparative clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of katuki and sita churna in urdhvaga amlapitta. Ayushdhara 2019, 6(2):2102-2107. doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara. https://ayushdhara.in/index.php/ayushdhara/article/view/447
  28. Jana Dipanjan, N. Belavadi S, Hazera K. Evaluation of efficacy of arohanakrama snehapana and virechana in the management of Adhogaamlapitta. Int J Ayu Pharm Res 2018, 6(10):1-8. https://ijapr.in/index.php/ijapr/article/view/1063
  29. Smita M. Choudari, Rahul R. Kulkarni, Prasan V. Joshi. A Placebo Controlled Comparative Clinical Study To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Jeerakadya Ghrita Prayoga In Amlapitta With Special Referance To Urdhvaga Amlapitta. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal. 2020, 1(8): 2563-2569. doi: 10.46607/iamj03p5012020. http://www.iamj.in/posts/images/upload/2563_2569.pdf
  30. Pragya singhal. A comparative clinical study to evaluate the effect of indigenous compound drugs (shatavari mandoor and pippali ghrita) in parinama shoola vis-à-vis acid peptic disorders. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine. 2015, 6(3): 267-271. https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v6i3.665.https://www.ijam.co.in/index.php/ijam/article/view/06352015/327
  31. Ballari Anupama, Prasad Nagendra, Gubbannavar Jyoti Shankar. Effect Of Pippali Ghrita In Amlapitta (Urdvaga) – A Clinical Study. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal. 2015, 3(6):1661-1671. http://www.iamj.in/posts/2015/images/upload/1666_1671.pdf
  32. Sharmili Vijay Suryavanshi.Prospective Interventional Study of Avipattikar Churna in relation with AMLAPITTA vyadhi. IOSR- Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. 2015, 10(4):16-25. doi:10.9790/3008-10411625. https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jpbs/papers/Vol10-issue4/Version-1/C010411625.pdf
  33. Chaturvedi GN, Rai NP, Dhani R, Tiwari SK. Clinical trial of adhatoda vasica syrup (vasa) in the patients of non-ulcer dyspepsia (amlapitta). Anc Sci Life. 1983, 3(1):19-23. PMID: 22557371; PMCID: PMC3331538.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22557371/
  34. Garima Raj, O.P.Dadhich , C.R.Yadav. Clinical Evaluation Of Eladi Churna and Yavadi Kwath In Amlapitta. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal. 2017, 5(6): 1856-1864. Available from: http://www.iamj.in/posts/images/upload/1856_1864.pdf
  35. Singh R, KJ G, Mooss YN. Clinical Study on the Effectiveness of Pippali Khanda in the Management of Amlapitta. IJAM. 2017, 8(3):128-133. https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v8i3.934.https://www.ijam.co.in/index.php/ijam/article/view/08222017.
  36. Yang, Yifan. Chinese Herbal Formulas: Treatment Principles and Composition Strategies. United Kingdom, Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2010.
  37. Yifan Yang. Theories and concepts of the composition of Chinese herbal formulas, Form of administration, preparation methods and their application, Chinese Herbal Formulas: Treatment Principles and Composition Strategies. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2010: pp 12.
  38. Yifan Yang. Theories and concepts of the composition of Chinese herbal formulas, Form of administration, preparation methods and their application, Chinese Herbal Formulas: Treatment Principles and Composition Strategies. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2010: pp 12.
  39. Ballester P, Cerdá B, Arcusa R, Marhuenda J, Yamedjeu K, Zafrilla P. Effect of Ginger on Inflammatory Diseases. Molecules. 2022, 27(21):7223. doi: 10.3390/molecules27217223. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9654013/
  40. Khushbu Chauhan, Roshni Solanki, Patel Anar, Macwan Carol and Mayuree Patel. Phytochemical and Therapeutic potential of Piper longum Linn : A review. International journal of research in Ayurveda and pharmacy. 2011, 2(21):157-161. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275559341_Phytochemical_and_Therapeutic_potential_of_Piper_longum_Linn_A_review
  41. Saha S, Ghosh S. Tinospora cordifolia: One plant, many roles. Anc Sci Life. 2012, 31(4):151-9.doi:10.4103/0257-7941.107344. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644751/

nn[/if 1104][if 1104 not_equal=””]n

    [foreach 1102]n t

  1. [if 1106 equals=””], [/if 1106][if 1106 not_equal=””],[/if 1106]
  2. n[/foreach]

n[/if 1104]

nn


nn[if 1114 equals=”Yes”]n

n[/if 1114]

n

n

[if 424 not_equal=””][else]Ahead of Print[/if 424] Subscription Review Article

n

n

[if 2146 equals=”Yes”][/if 2146][if 2146 not_equal=”Yes”][/if 2146]n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n[if 1748 not_equal=””]

[else]

[/if 1748]n

n

n

Volume
[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424]
Received December 4, 2023
Accepted May 27, 2024
Published June 21, 2024

n

n

n

n

n

n function myFunction2() {n var x = document.getElementById(“browsefigure”);n if (x.style.display === “block”) {n x.style.display = “none”;n }n else { x.style.display = “Block”; }n }n document.querySelector(“.prevBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {n changeSlides(-1);n });n document.querySelector(“.nextBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {n changeSlides(1);n });n var slideIndex = 1;n showSlides(slideIndex);n function changeSlides(n) {n showSlides((slideIndex += n));n }n function currentSlide(n) {n showSlides((slideIndex = n));n }n function showSlides(n) {n var i;n var slides = document.getElementsByClassName(“Slide”);n var dots = document.getElementsByClassName(“Navdot”);n if (n > slides.length) { slideIndex = 1; }n if (n (item.style.display = “none”));n Array.from(dots).forEach(n item => (item.className = item.className.replace(” selected”, “”))n );n slides[slideIndex – 1].style.display = “block”;n dots[slideIndex – 1].className += ” selected”;n }n”}]