Carlos Armenta-Déu
- Professor Department of Matter Structure, Thermal Physics and Electronics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Abstract
This work proposes a new marine wind farm layout. The new configuration is based on the hybridization of alternating lift-force and drag-force wind turbines. Lift-force wind turbines are characterized by a high output power and large dimensions, while drag-force wind turbines have moderate power output and reduced size. The proposed layout inserts the drag-force turbines in the free space the lift-force turbines leave, using the turbulent wind to generate power and reduce the turbulence index in the leeward direction. This configuration shortens the distance between the lift-force wind turbines, increasing the power surface density of the wind farm. The new configuration improves the performance and generates extra energy due to the higher power density and the insertion of drag-force wind turbines. Wind farm global power increase depends on the drag-force turbine efficiency, the turbulence index reduction, and the lift-force turbine size. A simulation process, which runs on the above characteristics, results in a 20% global power increase for drag-force wind turbine standard characteristics operating in current conditions.
Keywords: Wind energy; Wind Marine Farm; Lift-force and drag-force wind turbines; Hybrid layout; Performance improvement; Output power increase; Turbulence index.
[This article belongs to Journal of Offshore Structure and Technology(joost)]
References
[1] P. Hou, W. Hu, C. Chen, M. Soltani & Z. Chen, Optimization of offshore wind farm layout in restricted zones. Energy, Volume 113, pages 487 -496 (2016).
[2] P. Hou, W. Hu, M. Soltani & Z. Chen, Optimized placement of wind turbines in large-scale offshore wind farm using particle swarm optimization algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, Volume 6, Issue 4, pages 1272-1282m (2015).
[3] D. Ahn, S. C. Shin, S. Y. Kim, H. Kharoufi & H. C. Kim, Comparative evaluation of different offshore wind turbine installation vessels for Korean west–south wind farm. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Volume 9, Issue 1, pages 45-54 (2017).
[4] Renewables First. The Hydro and Wind Company. How much wind turbine power could I generate from a wind turbine?. How much wind turbine power can I create – Renewables First. Accessed online: 23/11/2022
[5] Christiansen, M. B., & Hasager, C. B. (2005). Wake effects of large offshore wind farms identified from satellite SAR. Remote Sensing of Environment, 98(2-3), 251-268.
[6] Neumann, T. H. O. M. A. S., & Emeis, S. T. E. F. A. N. (2020). Long-range modifications of the wind field by offshore wind parks–results of the project WIPAFF. Meteorol. Z, 29, 355-376.
[7] X. Sun, D. Huang & G. Wu, The current state of offshore wind energy technology development. Energy, Volume 41, Issue 1, pages 298-312 (2012).
[8] W. Zhixin, J. Chuanwen, A. Qian & W. Chengmin, The key technology of offshore wind farm and its new development in China. Renewable and Sustainable energy reviews, Volume 13, Issue 1, pages 216-222 (2009).
[9] J. K. Kaldellis, & M. Kapsali, Shifting towards offshore wind energy—Recent activity and future development. Energy policy, Volume 53, pages 136-148 (2013).
[10] Y. Guo, H. Wang & J. Lian, Review of integrated installation technologies for offshore wind turbines: Current progress and future development trends. Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 255, 115319 (2022).
[11] S. M. Muyeen, (Ed.). Wind energy conversion systems: technology and trends. Springer Science & Business Media (2012).
[12] H. Díaz, & C. G. Soares, Review of the current status, technology and future trends of offshore wind farms. Ocean Engineering, Volume 209, 107381 (2020).
[13] P. Jamieson, Innovation in wind turbine design. John Wiley & Sons (2018).
[14] Tahani, M., Maeda, T., Babayan, N., Mehrnia, S., Shadmehri, M., Li, Q., … & Masdari, M. (2017). Investigating the effect of geometrical parameters of an optimized wind turbine blade in turbulent flow. Energy conversion and management, 153, 71-82.
[15] Jeong, J., Park, K., Jun, S., Song, K., & Lee, D. H. (2012). Design optimization of a wind turbine blade to reduce the fluctuating unsteady aerodynamic load in turbulent wind. Journal of mechanical science and technology, 26, 827-838.
[16] Jackson, K. J., Zuteck, M. V., Van Dam, C. P., Standish, K. J., & Berry, D. (2005). Innovative design approaches for large wind turbine blades. Wind Energy: An International Journal for Progress and Applications in Wind Power Conversion Technology, 8(2), 141-171.
[17] Rashidi, M., Kadambi, J. R., & Ke, R. (2019, November). Wind energy harnessing system for low and high wind speeds. In ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (Vol. 59445, p. V007T08A012). American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
[18] Chamorro, L. P., Tobin, N., Arndt, R. E. A., & Sotiropoulos, F. (2014). Variable‐sized wind turbines are a possibility for wind farm optimization. Wind Energy, 17(10), 1483-1494.
[19] A. N. Sanderasagran, A. B. Abd Aziz, A. N. Oumer & I. M. Sahat, Alternative Method of Nature Inspired Geometrical Design Strategy for Drag Induced Wind Turbine Blade Morphology. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Volume 19, Issue 2, pages 9759-9772 (2022).
[20] M. R. Castelli, & E. Benini, Comparison between lift-force and drag-driven VAWT concepts on low-wind site AEO. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, pages 1677-1682 (2011)
[21] Serrano, J. M., Domínguez-Navarro, J. A., Sevil, J. A., & López, R. D. (2018). A case study of floating offshore wind park in the Mediterranean. In International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ’18), Salamanca (Spain).
[22] Manwell, J. F., McGowan, J. G., & Rogers, A. L. (2010). Wind energy explained: theory, design and application. John Wiley & Sons.
[23] Burton, T., Jenkins, N., Sharpe, D., & Bossanyi, E. (2011). Wind energy handbook. John Wiley & Sons.
[24] Bagchi, P., & Balachandar, S. (2003). Effect of turbulence on the drag and lift-force of a particle. Physics of fluids, 15(11), 3496-3513.
[25] Aghaei-Jouybari, M., Seo, J. H., Yuan, J., Mittal, R., & Meneveau, C. (2022). Contributions to pressure drag in rough-wall turbulent flows: insights from force partitioning. Physical Review Fluids, 7(8), 084602.
[26] Stoll, D., Schoenleber, C., Wittmeier, F., Kuthada, T., & Wiedemann, J. (2016). Investigation of aerodynamic drag in turbulent flow conditions. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Mechanical Systems, 9(2016-01-1605), 733-742.
[27] Greaves, P. (2013). Fatigue analysis and testing of wind turbine blades (Doctoral dissertation, Durham University).
[28] Thomsen, K., & Sørensen, P. (1999). Fatigue loads for wind turbines operating in wakes. Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics, 80(1-2), 121-136.
[29] Armenta-Déu, C., Piqueras, D. (2024) Performance of Drag Offshore Floating Wind Turbine with variable pitch. Journal of Offshore Structure and Technology (publication pending)
[30] Armenta-Déu, C. (2024) Analysis of turbulent regime for fluid flow. Internal Report. Project IM-01-24
[31] Master in Energy. Chapter 3: Aerodynamics. Complutense University of Madrid 2023-24
[32] Fernández, R. (2024) Harnessing turbulent flow in marine wind parks: output power improvement. Master Thesis. Master in Energy. Faculty of Physics. Complutense University of Madrid.
[33] Saint-Brieuc offshore wind farm. Saint-Brieuc: Iberdrola’s first large-scale offshore wind power project in Brittany. Iberdrola. https://www.iberdrola.com/about-us/what-we-do/offshore-wind-energy/saint-brieuc-offshore-wind-farm [Accessed online: 18/05/2024]
Journal of Offshore Structure and Technology
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue | 01 |
| Received | May 18, 2024 |
| Accepted | May 21, 2024 |
| Published | May 22, 2024 |