String Theory: Simplified Insights into Reality

Year : 2024 | Volume :13 | Issue : 01 | Page : 1-11
By

Aman Yadav

Anurag Prasad

  1. Student Department of Science, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh India
  2. Associate Professor Department of Science, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh India

Abstract

“String Theory: Simplified Insights into Reality” explores the fascinating realm of theoretical physics, delving into the profound principles of string theory and its implications for our understanding of the fundamental nature of the universe. The paper begins with an overview of the historical context, tracing the evolution of string theory from its inception as a theoretical framework to its current status as a leading candidate for a unified theory of physics. A detailed exploration of the fundamental components of string theory, such as open and closed strings, vibrational modes, supersymmetry, and extra dimensions, lays the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the theory’s intricate structure. The research paper then delves into the various formulations of string theory, including Type I, Type II, and heterotic string theories, elucidating their unique features. Special attention is given to recent advancements, such as M-theory, Conformal invariance which attempts to unify the different string theories. Topics include the resolution of long-standing problems in physics, such as the reconciliation of general relativity and quantum mechanics, as well as the potential insights into the nature of black holes, dark matter and dark energy. The paper also explores the concept of a multiverse, a consequence of certain string theory scenarios, and the challenges associated with experimental verification of string theory predictions.

Keywords: Multiverse, string theory scenarios, string theory formulations, vibrational modes, minuscule strings

[This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Space Science & Technology(rrjosst)]

How to cite this article: Aman Yadav, Anurag Prasad. String Theory: Simplified Insights into Reality. Research & Reviews : Journal of Space Science & Technology. 2024; 13(01):1-11.
How to cite this URL: Aman Yadav, Anurag Prasad. String Theory: Simplified Insights into Reality. Research & Reviews : Journal of Space Science & Technology. 2024; 13(01):1-11. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjosst/article=2024/view=150453

References

  1. Polchinski, J. (1998). “String Theory.” Reviews of Modern Physics, 68(3), 1245–1259.
  2. Johnson, C. V. (2003). “D-Branes.” Cambridge University Press.
  3. Green, M. B., Schwarz, J. H., & Witten, E. (1987). “Superstring Theory: Introduction.” Cambridge University Press.
  4. Zwiebach, B. (2004). “A First Course in String Theory.” Cambridge University Press.
  5. Gubser, S. S., Klebanov, I. R., & Polyakov, A. M. (1998). “Gauge theory correlators from non-critical string theory.” Physics Letters B, 428(1-2), 105–114.
  6. Maldacena, J. M. (1999). “The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity.” Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 2(2), 231–252.
  7. Kachru, S., Kallosh, R., Linde, A., & Trivedi, S. P. (2003). “De Sitter vacua in string theory.” Physical Review D, 68(4), 046005.
  8. Douglas, M. R., & Kachru, S. (2007). “Flux compactification.” Reviews of Modern Physics, 79(3), 733–796.
  9. Smolin, L. (2003). “How far are we from the quantum theory of gravity?” arXiv preprint hep-th/0303185.
  10. Witten, E. (2012). “Notes on Some Entanglement Properties of Quantum Field Theory.” Reviews of Modern Physics, 90(4), 045003.
  11. Greene, B. (1999). “The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory.” Vintage Books.
  12. Kaku, M. (1999). “Introduction to Superstrings and M-Theory.” Springer.
  13. Becker, K., Becker, M., & Schwarz, J. H. (2007). “String Theory and M-Theory: A Modern Introduction.” Cambridge University Press.
  14. Susskind, L. (2006). “The Cosmic Landscape: String Theory and the Illusion of Intelligent Design.” Back Bay Books.
  15. Veneziano, G. (1968). “Construction of a crossing-symmetric, Regge-behaved amplitude for linearly rising trajectories.” Il Nuovo Cimento A, 57(1), 190–197.
  16. Witten, E. (1995). “String Theory Dynamics in Various Dimensions.” Nuclear Physics B, 443(1), 85–126.
  17. Graña and A. Herráez, The swampland conjectures: A bridge from quantum gravity to particle physics, Universe 7, 273 (2021).
  18. B. De Luca, E. Silverstein, and G. Torroba, Hyperbolic compactification of M-theory and de Sitter quantum gravity, SciPost Phys. 12, 083 (2022).
  19. Shiu, F. Tonioni, and H. V. Tran, Accelerating universe at the end of time, Phys. Rev. D 108, 063527 (2023).
  20. Calderón-Infante, I. Ruiz, and I. Valenzuela, Asymptotic accelerated expansion in string theory and the swampland, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2023) 129.
  21. Marconnet and D. Tsimpis, Universal accelerating cosmologies from 10d supergravity, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2023) 033.
  22. Frolov, I.; Schwarz, A. Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory: Algebraic and Geometric Approaches. Universe 2023, 9, 337.
  23. Read, J. (2016). The interpretation of string theoretic dualities. Foundations of Physics, 46(2), 209–235.
  24. Rickles, D. (Ed.). (2008). Quantum gravity: A primer for philosophers. The Ashgate companion to contemporary philosophy of physics (pp. 262–365). Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  25. Rickles, D. (2011). A philosopher looks at string theory dualities. Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 42, 54–67.
  26. Rickles, D. (2013a). AdS/CFT duality and the emergence of spacetime. Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 44, 312–320.
  27. Rickles, D. (2013b). Mirror symmetry and other miracles in superstring theory. Foundations of Physics, 43(1), 54–80.
  28. Brown, H. R. (2005). Physical relativity: Spacetime structure from a dynamical perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  29. Castellani, E., & Rickles, D. (2017a). Dualities in physics. Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 59, 1–142.
  30. Aharony, O., Gubser, S. S., Maldacena, J. M., Ooguri, H., & Oz, Y. (2000). Large N field theories string theory and gravity. Physics Reports, 323, 183–386.
  31. Albert, D. (1996). Elementary quantum metaphysics. In J. T. Cushing, A. Fine & S. Goldstein (Eds.), Bohmian mechanics and quantum theory: An appraisal (pp. 277–284). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  32. (2014). Quantum gravity & string theory: The past, the present and the future. Talk given at Strings 2014 in Princeton, NJ. https://mediacentral.princeton.edu/media/1_t9qjxmhz.

Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 13
Issue 01
Received May 13, 2024
Accepted June 3, 2024
Published June 10, 2024