Under the traditional subscription-based model, authors generally do not pay for the publication of their research. This includes the cost of peer review, copyediting, layout and design, and distribution through both print and digital channels.

To be recognized as a subscription-based journal, rrjoddd meets certain criteria. These criteria include:

• Access Control: Subscription-based articles are not freely available to the general public. Access is restricted to those who have paid for a subscription or who have access through an institutional subscription.
• Paywall: Subscription-based articles are typically behind a paywall, which is a barrier that prevents non-subscribers from accessing the full text of the article.
• Copyright: In a subscription-based model, the journal typically retains copyright ownership of the article.
• Peer-Review: rrjoddd generally follows a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the quality of published articles.
• Editorial Board: rrjoddd has an editorial board made up of experts in the field who oversee the peer-review process and make decisions about which articles to publish.
• Online: rrjoddd is available in online formats, though the trend is towards online-only publication.

This allows anyone with an internet connection to access and read the research, regardless of their institutional affiliation or ability to pay.

Open-access publishing has become increasingly popular in recent years as a means of promoting knowledge sharing and accessibility to scientific research. It also aligns with the principles of open science, which emphasize transparency, collaboration, and the free flow of information.

This model allows authors to choose whether they want to make their articles freely available to readers by paying an article processing fee.

In hybrid publishing, rrjoddd operates primarily on a subscription-based model, where readers must pay a fee to access the journal's content. However, authors can choose to make their article open access by paying an additional fee, which allows their article to be freely accessible to anyone with an internet connection.

This model is designed to encourage publishers and institutions to work together to achieve a sustainable and equitable open-access publishing ecosystem.

Under a transformative publishing agreement, institutions commit to paying a fee to publishers in exchange for publishing their articles open access. These agreements often include provisions for offsetting the cost of publishing open-access articles by redirecting subscription fees towards open-access publishing costs.