Safety, Toxicology, and Regulatory Science of CT Nano‑contrast Agents in Radiology
Nanoparticle‑based contrast agents for X‑ray computed tomography (CT) seek to overcome limitations of conventional iodinated small‑molecule media but raise distinctive safety, toxicology, and regulatory science questions. Nano–bio interactions specific to CT nanocontrast include reticuloendothelial system (RES) uptake, long‑term hepatic and splenic retention, size‑dependent renal versus hepatobiliary clearance, and potential immunogenicity and genotoxicity, all strongly influenced by particle composition, size, shape, surface charge, and coating chemistry.
