Emerging Trends in Metabolites

The oral diseases, including dental caries and periodontitis, affect masses worldwide, and have historically been managed with synthetic antimicrobials that cause deleterious side effects, leading to mounting bacterial resistance. Consequently, contemporary dentistry is rapidly shifting toward phytomedicine using plant bioactive molecules, such as polyphenols, terpenes, anthraquinones (berberin, eugenol, curcumin, catechins, allicin, and azadirachtin.

The human gut microbiota transforms dietary and hostderived substrates into a diverse array of metabolites—including shortchain fatty acids (SCFAs), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), bile acid derivatives, indoles, trimethylamine Noxide (TMAO), branchedchain amino acid (BCAA) derivatives, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—that act as key signaling mediators along epithelial, immune, endocrine, and neural axes.

Metabolomics provides a comprehensive snapshot of smallmolecule intermediates and end products of cellular processes and thereby links genotype, environment, and phenotype in human disease .

Curcumin, a compound isolated from turmeric, is used in the management of various diseases due to its extensive medicinal properties. Curcumin, the principal polyphenol isolated from Curcuma longa (turmeric), has garnered immense scientific interest for its extensive medicinal properties, including potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities demonstrated in preclinical models.

The burgeoning global obesity epidemic necessitates innovative therapeutic approaches, and postbiotics, bioactive compounds arising from microbial fermentation, have emerged as promising contenders in reshaping obesity management.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is widely consumed across the globe, yet its peels are commonly discarded as waste, despite possessing a wealth of bioactive compounds.