International Journal of Machine Design and Manufacturing

The global demand for high-grade iron ore concentrates continues to surge as readily available rich ores become depleted. Iron ore beneficiation through froth flotation has emerged as a critical technology for upgrading lean-grade iron ores (typically 25–35% Fe) to produce high-quality concentrates (64–70% Fe) suitable for direct reduction and blast furnace operations.

The increasing emphasis on sustainable manufacturing has intensified the need for environmentally responsible design and development methodologies for polymer and polymer-composite materials, where material selection, processing routes, and waste generation play a critical role in overall environmental impact.

Ageing, as viewed from the polymer sciences perspective, is perceived as the gradual modification of the structure-property-function interrelationship of biopolymers such as proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids and their molecular aggregates. Such changes include structural organization, mechanical behavior, physicochemical stability and functional effectiveness.

Environmental factors such as dust deposition, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and surface reflection significantly reduce the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules.

In the global shift to a sustainable and decarbonized power sector, green hydrogen produced by electrolyzing water using renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower has become a crucial option.

Contaminated water remains one of the biggest obstacles to public health, especially in developing countries, partly due to a lack of sanitation systems and lack of knowledge about the dangers.