Review: Virulence factors, resistance genes and pathogenicity of Moraxella catarrhalis

Year : 2024 | Volume : | : | Page : –
By

Aya Talib Jawad,

  1. University Lecturer, Department of Pathological Analysis , College of Science, University of Thi-qar, Thi-qar, Iraq

Abstract

An estimated 2-4 million cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)  in adults are exacerbated by Moraxella catarrhalis annually in the US, making it a pathogen of increasing significance for respiratory tract infections. It often colonizes the nasopharynx without causing any symptoms and an opportunistic bacterial infection of the respiratory mucosa that is exclusive to humans. In our study, we reviewed references about the important virulence factors that M. catarrhalis  possess that help them penetrate and attack the host, which are : adhesion factors that are involved in production of biofilms include Hemagglutinin – M. catarrhalis Immunoglobulin D-Binding Protein (MID- Hag) , M. catarrhalis Adherence Protein. (McaP), Outer Membrane Proteins. (OMPs) , Universal Surface Protein A. (UspA), and Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP), which prevents M. catarrhalis from being phagocytically killed by human neutrophils.. Its resistance to antibiotics was reviewed because it possesses resistance genes that help it survive and cause diseases such as , Its capacity to produce beta-lactamases highlights its diverse resistance patterns even further. this resistance is largely due to the expression of the genes that encode to beta-lactamase enzymes BRO-2 as well as BRO-1, respectively. Colistin is no longer an effective antibiotic against bacteria thanks to lipid A phosphorethanolamine (PEtN) transferases. Plasmid-borne PEtN transferase (mcr) genes have shown the strong potential for these resistance elements to be distributed widely. The Moraxella species is the source of mcr-1. In many Gram-negative organisms, multidrug efflux pumps are a crucial factor in both pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. In M. catarrhalis, mutants missing the acrB , acrA and oprM genes were generated in order to gain a better understanding of the role of the AcrA,B-OprM- efflux pump in antibiotic resistance.

Keywords: Moraxella catarrhalis, Virulence factors, Antibiotic resistance, Beta-lactamase, Efflux pump.

How to cite this article:
Aya Talib Jawad. Review: Virulence factors, resistance genes and pathogenicity of Moraxella catarrhalis. Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases. 2024; ():-.
How to cite this URL:
Aya Talib Jawad. Review: Virulence factors, resistance genes and pathogenicity of Moraxella catarrhalis. Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases. 2024; ():-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rtid/article=2024/view=176151

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Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume
Received 05/08/2024
Accepted 09/09/2024
Published 27/09/2024
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