International Journal of Manufacturing and Production Engineering

The fast uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) has heightened the necessity of effective, dependable and convenient charging systems.

The growing demand for clean and sustainable energy has increased interest in biodiesel produced from non-edible oil sources. These fuels are renewable, biodegradable, and do not compete with food resources.

High-power laser systems are increasingly employed in industrial manufacturing, defense, medical procedures, and scientific research due to their ability to deliver high energy density with excellent spatial coherence.

The fast growth of automation and new mechanical technologies is changing the way industries work, making manufacturing and production systems more efficient, accurate, and flexible than ever before.

This review looks at Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing's idea, enabling technologies, implementation issues, and future prospects.

The rapid evolution of Industry 4.0 and the emerging transition toward Industry 5.0 have been catalyzed by the convergence of intelligent digital technologies such as digital twins, cyber–physical systems (CPS), artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and human-in-the-loop (HITL) frameworks.