ML-Driven Defect Detection in Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Composites Using Thermal Imaging

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nThis is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.n

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Year : 2025 [if 2224 equals=””]09/10/2025 at 11:25 AM[/if 2224] | [if 1553 equals=””] Volume : 13 [else] Volume : 13[/if 1553] | [if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue : [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] 06 | Page : 201 215

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    Harish Reddy Gantla, Vadakattu Prabhakar, Harish Chandra Mohanta, A. Anandhan, Parul Goyal, Radha Seelaboyina,

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  1. Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Professor, Associate Professor, Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Vignan Institute of Technology and Science, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Department of Chemistry, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Thudupathi, Perundurai, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, M. M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Geethanjali College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, Telangana, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Telangana, India, India, India, India, India, India

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Abstract

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nPolymer-based flexible biosensors have emerged as a pivotal technology in continuous health monitoring, yet their deployment in real-world settings is often hindered by undetected micro-defects and signal distortion caused during fabrication or usage. Existing diagnostic frameworks typically rely on post-hoc processing or bulky instrumentation, failing to offer scalable, real-time detection during additive manufacturing workflows. This study introduces an end-to-end, thermographic imaging-integrated framework for in-situ defect identification during the additive manufacturing of polymer composites, guided by a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. The system fuses thermal signatures with structural cues to detect anomalies embedded within multilayer flexible substrates. A streamlined fabrication pipeline—including conductive polymer deposition, thermal data capture, and edge-based CNN classification—enables robust, near-instantaneous feedback during biosensor assembly. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed system achieves a classification accuracy of 96.4% with a latency reduction of 28.3% compared to traditional offline inspection methods. Signal fidelity under deformation stress conditions remains consistently above 92%, even in high-strain regions. This approach not only enhances the reliability and production yield of wearable biosensors but also sets a precedent for embedding explainable AI-driven quality control directly into smart manufacturing cycles—paving the way for self-validating, adaptive biomedical devices suited for the evolving landscape of personalized, IoT-enabled healthcare.nn

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Keywords: Wearable biosensors, thermographic imaging, flexible polymers, deep learning, in-situ defect detection.

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Journal of Polymer and Composites ]

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How to cite this article:
nHarish Reddy Gantla, Vadakattu Prabhakar, Harish Chandra Mohanta, A. Anandhan, Parul Goyal, Radha Seelaboyina. [if 2584 equals=”][226 wpautop=0 striphtml=1][else]ML-Driven Defect Detection in Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Composites Using Thermal Imaging[/if 2584]. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 14/08/2025; 13(06):201-215.

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How to cite this URL:
nHarish Reddy Gantla, Vadakattu Prabhakar, Harish Chandra Mohanta, A. Anandhan, Parul Goyal, Radha Seelaboyina. [if 2584 equals=”][226 striphtml=1][else]ML-Driven Defect Detection in Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Composites Using Thermal Imaging[/if 2584]. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 14/08/2025; 13(06):201-215. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=14/08/2025/view=0

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Volume 13
[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] 06
Received 13/07/2025
Accepted 01/08/2025
Published 14/08/2025
Retracted
Publication Time 32 Days

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