Harnessing Microbial and Phytoremediation Techniques for Sustainable Remediation of Heavy Metals in Black Cotton Soils

Open Access

Year : 2024 | Volume :12 | Special Issue : 05 | Page : 193-201
By

Hillary Agaba Yeheyo,

Anu Mary Ealias,

  1. PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Black cotton soils, renowned for their fertility and moisture retention capabilities, face significant challenges due to heavy metal contamination, posing threats to both agricultural productivity and environmental integrity. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of bioremediation strategies aimed at mitigating heavy metal pollution in black cotton soils. The paper underscores the importance of addressing heavy metal (HM) contamination, emphasizing the need for exploring bioremediation techniques, as it sets the stage for subsequent discussions. Physicochemical properties of black cotton soils, including pH, organic matter content, and mineralogy, are explored in relation to heavy metal interactions, highlighting their influence on mobility and bioavailability. Additionally, the section on HM contamination elucidates common contaminants and their sources, ranging from industrial activities to natural processes. The paper delves into microbial-assisted bioremediation, elucidating the pivotal role of bacteria and fungi in metal mobilization, immobilization, and transformation. Phytoremediation techniques are examined, focusing on the utilization of hyperaccumulator plants and plant-microbe interactions for efficient metal uptake and sequestration. Furthermore, bioaugmentation strategies and recent advancements in bioremediation technologies, including nanotechnology and combined approaches, are reviewed. Challenges such as long-term effectiveness and scalability, along with potential ecological impacts of HM contamination are addressed. A comparative analysis evaluates the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of various bioremediation techniques, providing insights into their pros and cons in the context of black cotton soils. The paper concludes by discussing future research directions and the imperative for integrated, multidisciplinary approaches to combat HM contamination, underscoring the significance of continued research in developing sustainable solutions.

Keywords: Bioremediation, Microbes, Phytoremediation, Heavy metals, Sustainability, Toxicity.

[This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Journal of Polymer and Composites (jopc)]

How to cite this article:
Hillary Agaba Yeheyo, Anu Mary Ealias. Harnessing Microbial and Phytoremediation Techniques for Sustainable Remediation of Heavy Metals in Black Cotton Soils. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2024; 12(05):193-201.
How to cite this URL:
Hillary Agaba Yeheyo, Anu Mary Ealias. Harnessing Microbial and Phytoremediation Techniques for Sustainable Remediation of Heavy Metals in Black Cotton Soils. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2024; 12(05):193-201. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2024/view=176285


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Special Issue Open Access Review Article
Volume 12
Special Issue 05
Received 23/04/2024
Accepted 13/06/2024
Published 24/07/2024
Views: 23

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