Shailendra Kumar Gaur
Qasim Murtaza
R.S. Mishra
- , Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi, India
- , Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
- , Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
Abstract
Indium thin film growth found numerous applications, such as cold welding of infrared detectors and readout-integrated circuits (ROIC) to form sensor chips. In film is grown on the Si substrate by thermal evaporation. The XRD results indicated the tetragonal bcc phase in the (101) preferential plane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated an uniform, continuous film covering the whole surface. The EDS examination confirmed the pure In film. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) determined the average roughness and root mean square values at 38.5 nm and 47.9 nm, respectively. The ellipsometry measurement was done to check the surface condition and measure film thickness. The atomic force microscopy in contact mode determined the adhesion force 51.32 nN, thermodynamic adhesion-work according to the DMT and JKR theories 0.817 J/m2 (DMT), 1.089 J/m2, (JKR) and coefficient of friction 0.0049. The good adhesion of the film was tested via scotch tape.
Keywords: Thin film, indium, AFM, SEM, Adhesion force
References
Parveen Jain , Sukhvir Singh , Avanish Kumar Srivastava , Sandeep Kumar Pundir, Azar Majid Siddiqui , “ Relevance of microstructure on optical properties of thermally evaporated indium oxide thin films “ , Open Access Library Journal , 2 (2015) e 1200
Shanmugan, D. Mutharasu , ” Surface and electrical properties of rhombohedral In2O3 thin films prepared by an O2 plasma process “ , Journal of Ceramic Processing Research , 12 ,5 ( 2011) 57 8 -582
Ulutas, D. Deger, N. Kalkan , S. Yildirim, Y. G. Selebi , Y. Iskarlatos , M. L. Ovecoglu , A. Genc , “ Structural properties of In-In2O3 composite films “ , IOP Conf. Series : Materials Science and Engineering 15 (2010) 012095
Salehi , M. Gholizade , “ Gas-sensing properties of Indium-doped SnO2 thin films with variation in indium concentration “ , Sensors and Actuators B , 89 (2003) 173 179
Yanbo Zhao, Zhijun Zang, Hongxin Dang, “A novel solution route for preparing indium nanoparticles “ , Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 107 (2003) 7574 -7576
Sofia Elouali, Leanne J. Bloor , Russell Binions , Ivan P. Parkin, Claire J. Carmalt, Jawwad A. Darr , “ Gas sensing with nano-indium oxides (In2O3) prepared via continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis “ , American Chemical Society, Langmuir , 28 (2012) 1879- 1885
Jay-Hyeong Lee, Woo-Chang Song, Jun-Sin Yi , Yeong-Sik Yoo, “ Characteristics of the CdZnS thin film doped by thermal diffusion of vacuum evaporated indium films “ , Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells , 75 (2003) 227- 234
Mohsen Shariati , Vahid Ghafouri , “ The annealing investigation on morphology and photoluminescence properties of In2O3 1-D nanostructures in resistive evaporation mechanism “ The European Physical Journal Applied Physics , 65 (2014) 20404
Rakesh Kumar , K. Narasimha Rao , R. R. Phani , “ Growth of Si nanowires by electron beam evaporation using In catalyst “ , Materials Letters 66 , (2012) 110- 112
Tamam I. Baiz, Christophe P. Heinrich , Nathan A. Banek , Boris L. Vivekens, Cora Lind, “ In-situ non-ambient X-ray diffraction studies of indium tungstate “ , Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 187 (2012) 195- 199
Philip N. Bartlett, David Cook, C.H. (Kees) de groot, Andrew H. Hector, Ruomeng Huang , Andrews Jolleys, Gebriela P. Kissling, William Levason, Stuart J. Pearce , Gillian Reid , “ Non-aqueous electrodeposition of p-block metals and metalliods from halometallate salts “ , Journal of the royal society of chemistry , 3 (2013) 15645 -15654
Zhiwei Li, Xiaojun Tao, Yaming Cheng, Zhishen Wu, Zhijun Zhang, Hongxin Dang, “ A simple and rapid method for preparing indium nanoparticles from bulk indium via ultrasound irradiation “ , Materials Science and Engineering A , 407 (2005) 7- 10
Rakhymbay, M.K. Nauryzbayev, B.D. Burkitbayeva, A.M. Argimbaeva, R. Jumanova, A. P. Kurbatov , M. Eyraud, P. Kanuth, F. Vacandio , “ Electrochemical deposition of Indium : Nucleation mode and diffusional limitation “ , Russian Journal of Electrochemistry , vol. 52, no 2 (2016) 115- 122
Zang , Y. Zeng , D. Zhao , S. Yang , L. Yang , Z. Liu , R. Zang , W. Wang , D. Zang and L. Chen , “ Ellipsometric study on size-dependent melting point of nanometer-sized indium particles “ Physical Chemistry , 120 (2016) 10686- 10690.
Corina Birleanu, Marius Pustan, Violeta Merie, Raluca Muller, Rodica Voicu, Angela Baracu, S Cracium , “ Temperature effect on the mechanical properties of gold nano films with different thickness “ , IOP Conf. Series : Materials Science and Engineering 147 ( 2016) 012021
Corina Birleanu, Marius Pustan, Raluca Muller, Cristian Dudescu, Violeta Merie, Rodica Voicu, Angela Baracu, “ Experimental investigation by atomic force microscopy on mechanical and tribological properties of thin films “ , International Journal of Mater. Res. 107 (2016) 1-10
Sofia Elouali, Leanne G. Bloor, Russel Binions, Ivan P. Parkin, Claire J. Carmalt, Jawwad A. Darr, “ Gas sensing with nano-indium oxides (In2O3) prepared via continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis “, Langmuir , 28 (2012) 1879-1885
Aparna, Pramoda Kumara Shetty, M.G. Mahesha , I. Yashodhara, N. Karunakara, “ Sensitivity estimation of indium oxide thin film for gamma sensing “, Journal of Mat. Sci. , 58 (2023) 11374-11391
Prabhukanthan, T. Rajesh Kumar, G. Harichandran , “ Structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of chemically deposited thin films of ZnSe” , International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, ) vol. 2 ,issue 5 , (2014) ISSN (online ) 2347 -3207
Journal of Polymer and Composites
| Volume | |
| Issue | |
| Received | October 30, 2023 |
| Accepted | November 20, 2023 |
| Published |
function myFunction2() {
var x = document.getElementById(“browsefigure”);
if (x.style.display === “block”) {
x.style.display = “none”;
}
else { x.style.display = “Block”; }
}
document.querySelector(“.prevBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {
changeSlides(-1);
});
document.querySelector(“.nextBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {
changeSlides(1);
});
var slideIndex = 1;
showSlides(slideIndex);
function changeSlides(n) {
showSlides((slideIndex += n));
}
function currentSlide(n) {
showSlides((slideIndex = n));
}
function showSlides(n) {
var i;
var slides = document.getElementsByClassName(“Slide”);
var dots = document.getElementsByClassName(“Navdot”);
if (n > slides.length) { slideIndex = 1; }
if (n (item.style.display = “none”));
Array.from(dots).forEach(
item => (item.className = item.className.replace(” selected”, “”))
);
slides[slideIndex – 1].style.display = “block”;
dots[slideIndex – 1].className += ” selected”;
}