M. Shoikhedbrod,
- Active Director Director, Electromagnetic Impulse Inc., 21 Four Winds Drive, Unit 12, North York, M3J 1K7, Ontario Canada
Abstract
There are many methods for the industrial production of hydrogen, including: steam reforming of methane and natural gas; coal gasification; biotechnology; electrolysis of water, etc. The most effective method of obtaining of pure hydrogen is the use of photoelectrochemical cell. Photoelectrochemical cells produces hydrogen directly from solar energy. In a photoelectrochemical cell, a silicon semiconductor with an anode attached to it, immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution and excited by two photons of light, forms two hydrogen cations and half an oxygen molecule, which floats from the anode to the free surface of water in the form of a gas bubble. The resulting two hydrogen cations, reaching of the cathode, form a gaseous hydrogen molecule, which in an aqueous electrolyte solution takes the form of an electrolytic bubble of gaseous hydrogen that floats from the cathode to the free surface of the aqueous electrolyte solution. However, the existing photoelectrochemical cells, used today are expensive, have limitations in materials, which significantly hinders their effectiveness. The article presents a developed hydrogen generator that produces pure hydrogen at a below market price using a photo-electrochemical cell, having a specially designed electrolysis base, including a fire hose material membrane, located between a silicon semiconductor with attached mesh anode; a made from burnt graphite cathode and mechanism for adjusting the gap between electrodes at the bottom of the photoelectrochemical cell. The design of a large reactor with built-in photoelectrochemical cells will be considered.
Keywords: Solar energy, Photoelectrochemical cells, Water electrolysis, Hydrogen and oxygen generator, Electrolysis base, Membrane from a fire hose
[This article belongs to International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research(ijppr)]
References
- Hodes G. Photoelectrochemical cell measurements: getting the basics right, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2012; 3 (9): 1208–1213. Available at: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/ 10.1021/jz300220b
- Grätzel M. Photoelectrochemical cells, Nature 2001; 414 (6861): 338–344. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/35104607
- Li J., Wu N. Semiconductor-based photocatalysts and photoelectrochemical cells for solar fuel generation: a review, Catalysis Science & Technology, 2015; 5 (3): 1360–1384. Available at: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/cy/c4cy00974f/unauth
- Wei D., Amaratunga G. Photoelectrochemical cell and its applications in optoelectronics, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2007; 2: 897–912. Available at: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/ 2013/ee/c2ee22618a/unauth
- Strandwitz N.C., Comstock D.J, Grimm R.G., Nielander A.C., Elam J., Lewis N.S. Photoelectrochemical behavior of n-type Si (100) electrodes coated with thin films of manganese oxide grown by atomic layer deposition, The Journal of Physical Chemistry,2013; C 117(10): 4931-4936. Available at: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp311207x
- Feldmann F., Bivour M., Reichel C., Hermle M., Glunz S.W. Passivated rear contacts for high-efficiency n-type Si solar cells providing high interface passivation quality and excellent transport characteristics, Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2014; 120: 270–274. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0927024813004868
- Kim S., Park J., Phong P.D., Shin C., Iftiquar S.M., Yi. J. Improving the efficiency of rear emitter silicon solar cell using an optimized n-type silicon oxide front surface field layer, Scientific Reports, 2018; 8 (1): 1-10. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-28823-x
- Nielander A.C., Bierman M.J., Petrone N., Strandwitz N.C., Ardo S., Yang F., Hone J., Lewis N.S. Photoelectrochemical behavior of n-type Si (111) electrodes coated with a single layer of grapheme, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013; 135 (46): 17246–17249. Available at: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja407462g
- Shoikhedbrod M. The Study of the Formation of Negatively Charged Electrolysis Hydrogen Bubbles and Their Size Control Under Microgravity Conditions for Separation of Solid Inclusions from Fluid, Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology. 2021; 11(3): 18–29.
- Frumkin A.N. The selected transactions: electrode processes, M., Science, 1987. Available at: https://www.twirpx.com/file/1621713/