Zahraa M. Abdulhussein,
Amal A. Hussein,
- Research Scholar, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology , Iraq
- Research Scholar, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology , Iraq
Abstract
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, napthalene is an environmental contaminant with a slow rate of disintegration. Biological treatment by microbes present in contaminated places is the most important of the several approaches applied to remove it from the environment. At depths of 5 to 10 cm, soil samples were collected from areas polluted by oil near the Al-Dora and Sheikh Omar refineries. Nutrient agar was cultured with 0.1 ml of each dilution, which ranged from 10-1 to 10-8. Twenty separate bacterial colonies were isolated and cultured on petri dishes using Bushnell Haas Media agar with naphthalene as the sole carbon and energy source. For seven days, the cultures were kept in an incubator set at 37°C. Two dishes were subsequently examined to determine the locations of the growth. Two separate cultures were grown in liquid Bushnell Haas Media and then incubated in a shaker incubator for seven days at 37°C and 150 rpm. Next, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was employed to measure the amount of naphthalene degraded by these microorganisms. The most effective bacterial isolates were identified using the VITEK 2 technology. The naphthalene degradation rates of Serratia ficaria and Bacillus subtilis were rather high; Serratia ficaria at 85.16 percent and Bacillus subtilis at 93.36 percent, respectively.
Keywords: Naphthalene, Degrading, Bacteria, Pollution, soil.
[This article belongs to International Journal of Pathogens(ijpg)]
References
- Li C, Li C, Yu H, Cheng Y, Xie Y, Yao W, Guo Y, Qian H. Chemical food contaminants during food processing: sources and control. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(9):1545-1555. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1762069. Epub 2020 May 12. PMID: 32393047.
- Heitkamp MA, Freeman JP, Cerniglia CE. Naphthalene biodegradation in environmental microcosms: estimates of degradation rates and characterization of metabolites. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jan;53(1):129-36. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.1.129-136.1987. PMID: 3827241; PMCID: PMC203615.
- Zungum IU, Imam TS. Ecotoxicity and Associated Threat of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) to Biodiversity: A Review.
- Ahn Y, Sanseverino J, Sayler GS. Analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria isolated from contaminated soils. Biodegradation. 1999 Apr;10(2):149-57. doi: 10.1023/a:1008369905161. PMID: 10466202.
- Goldman R, Enewold L, Pellizzari E, Beach JB, Bowman ED, Krishnan SS, Shields PG. Smoking increases carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human lung tissue. Cancer Res. 2001 Sep 1;61(17):6367-71. PMID: 11522627.
- Wexler P, Anderson BD, editors. Encyclopedia of toxicology. Academic Press; 2005.
- US Public Health Service. Toxicological profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. http://www. atsdr. cdc. gov/toxprofiles/tp69. html. 1995.
- Adeleye AO, Nkereuwem ME, Omokhudu GI, Amoo AO, Shiaka GP, Yerima MB. Effect of microorganisms in the bioremediation of spent engine oil and petroleum related environmental pollution. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 2018 Mar 7;22(2):157-67.
- Wang SY, Kuo YC, Hong A, Chang YM, Kao CM. Bioremediation of diesel and lubricant oil-contaminated soils using enhanced landfarming system. Chemosphere. 2016 Dec 1;164:558-67.
- Abbasian F, Lockington R, Megharaj M, Naidu R. The biodiversity changes in the microbial population of soils contaminated with crude oil. Current microbiology. 2016 Jun;72:663-70.
- Yuan SY, Shiung LC, Chang BV. Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by inoculated microorganisms in soil. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology. 2002 Jul 1;69(1).
- Perelo LW. In situ and bioremediation of organic pollutants in aquatic sediments. Journal of hazardous materials. 2010 May 15;177(1-3):81-9.
- Toledo FL, Calvo C, Rodelas BJ, González-López J. Selection and identification of bacteria isolated from waste crude oil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal capacities. Systematic and applied microbiology. 2006 Apr 18;29(3):244-52.
- AlDisi Z, Jaoua S, Al-Thani D, AlMeer S, Zouari N. Isolation, screening and activity of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from harsh soils.
- Titato GM, Lanças FM. Optimization and validation of HPLC-UV-DAD and HPLC-APCI-MS methodologies for the determination of selected PAHs in water samples. Journal of chromatographic science. 2006 Jan 1;44(1):35-40.
- Mohamed W, Sommer U, Sethi S, Domann E, Thormann U, Schütz I, Lips KS, Chakraborty T, Schnettler R, Alt V. Intracellular proliferation of S. aureus in osteoblasts and effects of rifampicin and gentamicin on S. aureus intracellular proliferation and survival. Eur Cell Mater. 2014 Oct 23;28:258-68.
- Silva CG, Tobouti NR, Zoccoli CM, Silveira AC. Evaluation of VITEK 2 Compact and VITEK MS in the identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from blood cultures. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial. 2017 Sep;53:293-7.
- Hossain MF, Akter MA, Sohan MS, Sultana N, Reza MA, Hoque KM. Bioremediation potential of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria: isolation, characterization, and assessment. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2022 Jan 1;29(1):211-6.
- Ni’matuzahroh NM, Trikurniadewi N, Pramadita AR, Pratiwi IA, Salamun S, Fatimah F, Sumarsih S. Biodegradation of naphthalene and phenanthren by Bacillus subtilis 3KP. InAIP conference proceedings 2017 Jun 26 (Vol. 1854, No. 1). AIP Publishing.
- Zahraa M. Abdulhussein, Amal A. Hussein, Isolation and Identification of Phenanthrene Degrading Bacteria from Polluted Soil in Iraq, J PHARM NEGATIVE RESULTS 2022;13:463-469.
- Mujahid TY, Wahab A, Padhiar SH, Subhan SA, Baloch MN, Pirzada ZA. Isolation and characterization of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from petrol contaminated soil. Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences. 2015 Jan 5;11:223-31.
Volume | 01 |
Issue | 02 |
Received | June 3, 2024 |
Accepted | July 12, 2024 |
Published | August 1, 2024 |