K U Sheethal,
T.S. Annappaswamy,
M.T. Lakshmipathi,
Khalasi Binal Rajeshbhai,
Aitwar Vaijnath Sambayya,
- Assistant Professor Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore India
- Assistant Professor Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore India
- Professor Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore India
- Student Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore India
- Student Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore India
Abstract
Planktonic organisms play a pivotal role in aquatic ecosystems, serving as vital bio indicators of pollution levels. This review offers a thorough exploration of their significance in assessing environmental health in aquatic environments. We delve into the diverse array of planktonic taxa, encompassing phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacterioplankton, and examine their responses to various pollutants such as nutrient enrichment, chemical contaminants, and microplastics. These organisms exhibit remarkable sensitivity to environmental changes, underscoring their utility in monitoring pollution impacts. By adopting interdisciplinary perspectives, we evaluate the efficacy of planktonic bioindicators in gauging ecosystem health and guiding management strategies. Understanding their reactions to pollutants not only enhances our ability to detect and quantify pollution levels but also provides insights into the broader ecological repercussions on planktonic communities and aquatic ecosystems at large. The review discusses methodological approaches for plankton sampling, data analysis, and interpretation in pollution assessment programs, emphasizing the critical need for standardized protocols and advanced analytical techniques. By synthesizing existing knowledge and pinpointing research gaps, this review aims to deepen our comprehension of how pollution affects planktonic communities. Integration of planktonic bioindicators into holistic approaches for aquatic ecosystem management and conservation is imperative for sustainable environmental stewardship. Future research directions should prioritize refining monitoring techniques, addressing emerging pollutants, assessing the cumulative impacts of multiple stressors on planktonic organisms, and fostering international collaboration to establish global standards for effective environmental monitoring and management strategies. This synthesis underscores the pivotal role of planktonic organisms in bolstering our capacity to safeguard and manage aquatic resources effectively amidst ongoing environmental challenges.
Keywords: Ecosystem , Pollution, Pesticides, Mercury, Methylmercury,
References
- M. Edwards and J. Brendley, 1999. Zooplankton mortality and the dynamical behaviour of plankton population model, Bull. Math. Biol. 61:303.
- Arrhenius, A., Gršnvall, F., Scholze, M., Backhaus, T., Blanck, H., 2004. Predictability of the mixture toxicity of 12 similarly acting congener inhibitors of photosystem II in marine periphyton and epipsammon communities. Aquat. Toxicol. 68, 351–367.
- Church,M.J, Hutchins,D.A and Ducklow,H.W, 2000. Limitation of bacterial growth by dissolved organic matter and iron in the Southern Ocean. Appl Environ Microbiol. 66:455–466.
- Dhooge, A., Govaerts, W. and Kuznetsov, Y.A., 2003. MATCONT: a MATLAB package for numerical bifurcation analysis of ODEs. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 29, 141–164.
- Holt E.A. and Miller S.W. 2010. Bio-indicators: using organisms to measure environmental impacts. Nature. 3(10):8–13.
- Karl E. Havens. 2003. Phosphorusalgal bloom relationships in large lakes of South Florida: implications for establishing nutrient Criteria, Lake Reservoir Manage. 19 (3), 222–228.
- Ramchandra T.V., Rishiram R and Karthik B. 2006. Zooplanktons as bioindicators: hydro biological investigation in selected Bangalore lakes. Technical report 115.
- Rodgher, S., Espindola, E. L., Simões, F. C., and Tonietto, A. E, 2012. Cadmium and Chromium Toxicity to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Microcystis aeruginosa. Brazilian Archieves of Biology and Technology 55(1): 161-169.
- Salmaso N., 2005. Effects of climatic fluctuations and vertical mixing on the interannual trophic variability of Lake Garda, Italy. Limnology and Oceanography., 50(2):553-565.
- Sbihi, K., Cherifi, O., El Gharmali, A., Oudra, B., and Aziz, F., 2012. Accumulation and Toxicological Effects of Cadmium, Copper and Zinc on the Growth and Photosynthesis of the Freshwater Diatom Planothidium lanceolatum (Brébisson) Lange-Bertalot: A Laboratory Study. Journal of Material and Environmental Science 3(3): 497-506.
- Sommer U and Lengfellner K., 2008. Climate change and the timing, magnitude, and composition of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Global Change Biology. 14(6):1199-1208.
- Stanley J, and Preetha G., 2016 Pesticide toxicity to fishes: exposure, toxicity and risk assessment methodologies. In Pesticide Toxicity to Non-target Organisms. Springer, Dordrecht, 411-497.
- Thakur R K, Jindal R, Singh U.B. and Ahluwalia AS. 2013. Plankton diversity and water quality assessment of three freshwater lakes of Mandi (Himachal Pradesh, India) with special reference to planktonic indicators. Environ Monit Assess. 185(10):8355–8373. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3178-3
- Xu F.L, Tao S, Dawson R.W., Li P.G. and Cao J., 2001 Lake ecosystem health assessment: indicators and methods. Water Research.35(13):3157- 3167.
| Volume | |
| Received | June 3, 2024 |
| Accepted | July 10, 2024 |
| Published | July 11, 2024 |