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Instructions for Authors

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics

ISSN: 2393-8722

Editors Overview

rrjobi maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

Instruction For Authors

Last updated: 2022-04-30

Welcome to the instructions for authors for Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics. This page provides guidelines and instructions for authors who are interested in submitting their research for publication in our journal. STM aims to publish high-quality research that contributes to the advancement of knowledge in a variety of fields. Our journal accepts a wide range of article types, including original research articles, review articles, case reports, and letters to the editor. The following guidelines have been developed to help authors prepare and submit their manuscripts in a way that meets the standards of our journal. We encourage authors to carefully read and follow these guidelines to ensure that their manuscripts are of high quality and have the best chance of being accepted for publication. Before submission, kindly go through the following checkpoints:

  • Review the Journal’s Focus and Scope to ensure that your research aligns with the scope and aims of the journal.
  • Ensure the Article Processing Charge details.
  • Thoroughly read the copyright agreement and get it signed by all the co-authors.
  • Check the manuscript formatting and ensure that your manuscript follows the formatting guidelines provided by the journal, including font size, line spacing, margin size, and citation style
  • Check the manuscript structure and ensure that your manuscript is well-structured, with clear headings and sections that follow a logical flow. Submitted manuscript should be in Microsoft Word.
  • Get complete knowledge about publication ethics, copyright violation, figure formats, data, and reference format before submission and prepare the manuscript accordingly.
  • Authors are encouraged to update their biography and other information on APID.

Terms of Submission

The following terms outline the requirements and guidelines for submitting a manuscript to our journal. By submitting your manuscript, you agree to these terms.

  • Manuscript format: All manuscripts must follow our formatting guidelines, including font type, size, and spacing. Please refer to our Manuscript Preparation section for specific details.
  • Originality: Manuscripts must be original work and not previously published, under consideration for publication elsewhere. The authors are responsible for obtaining permission for any copyrighted material included in the manuscript.
  • Ethical considerations: Authors must adhere to ethical guidelines in their research, including obtaining informed consent, following ethical principles for animal experiments, and disclosing any potential conflicts of interest. Any ethical issues should be reported in the manuscript.
  • Authorship and contributions: All authors must have made significant contributions to the research and writing of the manuscript. The corresponding author must ensure that all co-authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
  • Peer review: All submitted manuscripts will undergo a peer-review process by at least two independent reviewers. The corresponding author may suggest potential reviewers, but the editors will make the final decision.
  • Article Processing Charge: The journal may require a processing charge to cover the costs of publication. The corresponding author is responsible for paying this fee or obtaining funding to cover it.
  • Copyright: Upon acceptance, authors will be required to sign a copyright transfer agreement, transferring ownership of the copyright to the Journal.
  • Retraction policy: In case of misconduct or errors in the manuscript, the journal reserves the right to retract the article.
  • Data availability: Authors must make all data and materials associated with their manuscript available upon request.

For any further queries, please write us at: [email protected] or submit your query on the Query Portal. All submissions are bound by rrjobi’s terms of service.

Manuscript Submission Process (MSP)

Type of Articles Accepted

Before proceeding to write your research findings, it is important to have an idea about the types of research articles you can submit to a journal and which type of research article works best for your research work.

rrjobi accepts the following types of articles:

  • Original Research Articles: These articles report on original research, including the methodology, results, and discussion of the research findings.
  • Review Articles: These articles provide an overview and critical evaluation of existing research in a specific field or topic, and often offer suggestions for future research.
  • Case Reports: These articles describe unique or rare cases that provide insight into the diagnosis, treatment, or management of a disease or condition.
  • Short Communications:  These articles report on preliminary or limited research findings that are of interest to the scientific community.
  • Perspectives: These articles provide a personal perspective or commentary on a current topic or issue in the field.These articles provide a personal perspective or commentary on a current topic or issue in the field.
  • Editorials:  These articles are written by the editorial team or guest editors and provide commentary on a current topic or issue in the field.
  • Book Reviews:  These articles provide a critical evaluation of a recently published book related to the field of the journal.
  • Study design:
    Selection and Description of Participants: Describe your selection of the observational or experimental participants (patients or laboratory animals, including controls) clearly, including eligibility and exclusion criteria and a description of the source population. Technical information: Identify the methods, apparatus (give the manufacturer’s name and address in parentheses), and procedures in sufficient detail to allow other workers to reproduce the results. Give references to established methods, including statistical methods (see below); provide references and brief descriptions for methods that have been published but are not well known; describe new or substantially modified methods, give reasons for using them, and evaluate their limitations. Identify precisely all drugs and chemicals used, including generic name(s), dose(s), and route(s) of administration.
    Reports of randomized clinical trials should present information on all major study elements, including the protocol, assignment of interventions (methods of randomization, concealment of allocation to treatment groups), and the method of masking (blinding), based on the CONSORT Statement (http://www.consort-statement.org).

    Reporting Guidelines for Specific Study Designs

    Study Design

    Reporting Guideline

    Sources

    Randomized Controlled Trials

    CONSORT

    http://www.consort-statement.org/

    Observational Studies

    STROBE

    https://www.strobe-statement.org/

    Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

    PRISMA

    http://www.prisma-statement.org/

    Non-Randomized Evaluations

    TREND

    http://www.cdc.gov/trendstatement/

    Animal Research

    ARRIVE

    https://arriveguidelines.org/

    Qualitative Research

    COREQ

    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/160940691704800312

    Reliability and Agreement Studies

    GRRAS

    https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/grras

    The reporting guidelines for other type of studies can be found at https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/.

    Statistics: Whenever possible quantify findings and present them with appropriate indicators of measurement error or uncertainty (such as confidence intervals). Authors should report losses to observation (such as, dropouts from a clinical trial). When data are summarized in the Results section, specify the statistical methods used to analyze them. Avoid non-technical uses of technical terms in statistics, such as ‘random’ (which implies a randomizing device), ‘normal’, ‘significant’, ‘correlations’, and ‘sample’. Define statistical terms, abbreviations, and most symbols. Specify the computer software used. Use upper italics (P 0.048). For all P values include the exact value and not less than 0.05 or 0.001. Mean differences in continuous variables, proportions in categorical variables and relative risks including odds ratios and hazard ratios should be accompanied by their confidence intervals.

    Results: Present your results in a logical sequence in the text, tables, and illustrations, giving the main or most important findings first. Do not repeat in the text all the data in the tables or illustrations; emphasize or summarize only important observations. Extra- or supplementary materials and technical detail can be placed in an appendix where it will be accessible but will not interrupt the flow of the text; alternatively, it can be published only in the electronic version of the journal.

    When data are summarized in the Results section, give numeric results not only as derivatives (for example, percentages) but also as the absolute numbers from which the derivatives were calculated, and specify the statistical methods used to analyze them. Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain the argument of the paper and to assess its support. Use graphs as an alternative to tables with many entries; do not duplicate data in graphs and tables. Where scientifically appropriate, analyses of the data by variables such as age and sex should be included.

    Discussion: Include summary of key findings (primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, results as they relate to a prior hypothesis); Strengths and limitations of the study (study question, study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation); Interpretation and implications in the context of the totality of evidence (is there a systematic review to refer to, if not, could one be reasonably done here and now?, what this study adds to the available evidence, effects on patient care and health policy, possible mechanisms); Controversies raised by this study; and Future research directions (for this particular research collaboration, underlying mechanisms, clinical research).
    Do not repeat in detail data or other material given in the Introduction or the Results section. In particular, contributors should avoid making statements on economic benefits and costs unless their manuscript includes economic data and analyses. Avoid claiming priority and alluding to work that has not been completed. New hypotheses may be stated if needed, however they should be clearly labeled as such. About 30 references can be included. These articles generally should not have more than six authors.

Manuscript Structure

Writing a scientific communication be it a research article or any other form of communication follows a rigid pattern or format that an author should follow. The format that you will follow with us is a result of the tedious process that focuses transfer of information between you and the scientific community. Here some changes you may notice in the heading or the typography of the article are made to suit the reading style of different readers and to ease the process of online publication of your article. We expect you to follow this guideline with caution, although we do know that you will take utmost care while writing the article but we still check for mistakes in formatting on our end and we would appreciate your effort if you have already followed the format. Here is a general format that an article follows:

  • Title Page:–The title page should include the title of the manuscript, the names and affiliations of all authors, and the corresponding author’s contact information (including email address). If the manuscript has been presented at a conference or meeting, this information should be included.

For Example:-

“Comparative model of protein structure designed using atomic resolution model as a template for beta arrest in protein.” Such title written above can be misleading instead avoid unnecessary words and make the title more self-explanatory like: “Homology model or beta-arrest in protein “

  • To summarize it
    • Title should highlight the content of the manuscript
    • Should not be more than 50 words
    • Unambiguous and specific, avoid unnecessary words and punctuations.
    • Enticing and should be able to draw the reader to itself
  • Author Details: All the authors who have contributed to your research deserve to be credited for the work and the names should be listed in the same line separated by a comma. The corresponding author doesn’t need to always be the first author, and the order of name may vary at your convenience. But it is advised to highlight the name of the corresponding author with a star (Example: Abhishek Prasad*) to make it easy for the readers to identify the corresponding author. Correspondence should include an Email address, Telephone, and Postal address of which email and postal address are mandatory. Authors are encouraged to add a profile (maximum 200 words) to the submission and publish it. This should be a single paragraph and contain:.
    • Authors’ full names are followed by current positions.
    • Education background including institution information and type and level of degree received.
    • Work experience
    • Memberships of professional societies and awards received if available,
    • If the address information is provided with the affiliation(s) it will also be published. or authors that are (temporarily) unaffiliated we will only capture their city and country of residence, not their email address unless specifically requested.
    • Contact Details

For Example:

Homology model or beta-arrestin protein

Dr. Name used For example* Prof. (Dr.) Second name Used as Example

Bioinformatics example laboratory, University of Science and example study

  • Abstract: The abstract should summarize the main points of the manuscript and should not exceed 250 words. It should include the objectives, methods, results, and conclusions of the study.
  • Keywords:- 3-5 keywords should be included after the abstract to help identify the main topics of the manuscript.
  • Introduction: The introduction should provide a clear and concise overview of the background and objectives of the study.
  • Materials and methods: The methods section should provide enough detail for others to be able to replicate the study and build on published results. If you have more than one method, use subsections with relevant headings, rrjobi have no space restriction on methods. Detailed descriptions of the methods (including protocols or project descriptions) and algorithms may also be uploaded as supplementary information or a previous publication that gives more details may be cited. If the method from a previous article or any tool introduced in the study including software, questionnaires, and scales is used, if wording is reused, then this article must be cited and discussed. If an existing method or tool is used in the research, the authors are responsible for checking the license and obtaining any necessary permission. If permission was required, a statement confirming permission was granted should be included in the materials and methods section.
  • Presentation:-
    • Section Headings or typography:- Typography is one major component of the written form of communication and it is very important that you follow the prescribed format that is mentioned under this section.
    • Headings:-  There can be three levels of headings
      • Level 1: Main heading
        • Main heading should be Bold and all caps
        • Heading should be numbered
        • Font used should be Times New Roman (bold) and 12 points
      • Level 2: Subheading:
        • Sub heading should be italics and should have a space between the main heading and content
        • It should also be numbered under the main heading
        • Font used should be Times New Roman(italics) with 10 point
      • Level 3: Sub-sub heading:
        • It should be italics and should not have space between the content paragraph, but should have a space between the sub heading if the sub-sub heading is given directly under the sub heading.
        • Font used should be Times New Roman(italics) with 10 points
      • Bullets:- Bullets can be used anywhere in the content, taking into consideration that the bullet size should be small.
      • Line spacing:- Line spacing in the content should be 1.0.
      • Colors and highlight:- Font and text color should be black (Hex#000000) and highlights should not be used anywhere in the article.
      • Publishing etiquette:- This is an open access website that allows researchers to record their methods in a structured way, obtain a DOI to allow easy citation of the protocol, collaborate with selected colleagues, share their protocol privately for journal peer review, and choose to make it publicly available. Once published, the protocol can be updated and cited in other articles. You can make your protocol public before publication of your article if you choose, which will not harm the peer review process of your article and may allow you to get comments about your methods to adapt or improve them before you submit your article.
      • Images, tables and graphs:- Images, tables and graphs should be numbered and should always be mentioned whenever referencing them in the article.
      • Reference list:- You should list the references as it appears in the text. The number of references should be limited to 60.
      • Citation:- It is important to give the citation of the previously published work as it appears in the content of the article. It should be mentioned in Vancouver or numbered format. The references cited should always be in square brackets and should always appear before the punctuation.
      • Statements and Declarations:- The following statements should be included under the heading “Statements and Declarations” for inclusion in the published paper. Please note that submissions which do not include relevant declarations will be returned as incomplete.
      • Funding statement:- Authors must state how the research and publication of their article was funded, by naming a financially supporting body(s) (written out in full) followed by associated grant number(s) in square brackets (if applicable). Note that some funders will not refund article processing charges (APC) if the funder and grant number are not clearly and correctly identified in the paper. If the research did not receive specific funding, but was performed as part of the employment of the authors, please name this employer. If the funder was involved in the manuscript writing, editing, approval, or decision to publish, please declare this.
      • Results:- This section of your article should include a detailed account of the findings that have been recorded and the author should provide a clear explanation of the findings, their significance and relevance. Raw data is rarely included in any scientific article so it is advised that you should analyze the data beforehand and should represent it in the form of graphs, charts or table.
      • Discussion and Conclusion:- In simple words this section describes what your research finding means. You should also interpret your results and give an account on its significance. You should also try to answer the hypothesis that led you to do the research on the first basis. Lastly your conclusions should be based on the findings and should have a logical explanation instead of making biased judgments.

Review before submission process

The review process is an essential part of publishing high-quality research. Authors are encouraged to review their manuscript thoroughly before submission to ensure that it meets the standards of the journal. Here are some steps that authors can take to review their manuscript before submission:

  • Content Review: Authors should carefully review the content of their manuscript to ensure that it is relevant, accurate, and informative. The manuscript should clearly convey the research objectives, methods, results, and conclusions. The content should also be logically organized and easy to follow. We would also suggest you to communicate with your co-authors, supervisors and colleagues and ask for help if you are writing a manuscript for the first time.<
  • Formatting Review: Authors should ensure that their manuscript adheres to the journal’s formatting guidelines. This includes margins, spacing, font size, and citation format. Authors should also check for consistency in formatting throughout the manuscript.
  • Language Review: Authors should ensure that the language used in the manuscript is clear, concise, and grammatically correct. Authors may consider having their manuscript proofread by a native English speaker or professional language editor to ensure that the language is of high quality.
  • Tables and Figures Review: Authors should carefully review all tables and figures to ensure that they are clear, informative, and accurately convey the data. Tables and figures should be numbered, titled, and referenced in the text.
  • References Review: Authors should ensure that all references are accurate, complete, and follow the appropriate citation format. The citation format used should be consistent throughout the manuscript.
  • Peer Review: Finally, authors may consider having their manuscript reviewed by colleagues or other experts in the field before submission. This can provide valuable feedback and help to improve the quality of the manuscript.

Author Responsibilities

Authors have a responsibility to ensure that their research is conducted and reported in an ethical and transparent manner. Here are some responsibilities that authors should be aware of:

  • Originality: Authors should ensure that their work is original and has not been previously published or submitted for publication elsewhere. Any previous work that is relevant should be cited appropriately.
  • Plagiarism: Authors should ensure that their work is free of plagiarism, which includes the use of others’ ideas, data, or words without proper attribution. Plagiarism is a serious offense and can result in rejection of the manuscript or even revocation of a published article.
  • Authorship: Authors should ensure that all individuals who have made a significant contribution to the research are listed as authors. All authors should have reviewed and approved the final manuscript before submission.
  • Conflict of Interest: Authors should disclose any financial or personal conflicts of interest that could be perceived as influencing the research or its interpretation. This includes any financial support or relationships that may pose a conflict of interest.
  • Ethical Considerations: Authors should adhere to ethical standards in their research, including the use of human or animal subjects. Appropriate ethical approval should be obtained and documented in the manuscript.
  • Data and Materials: Authors should be willing to share their data and materials upon request to promote transparency and reproducibility in research.
  • Corrections and Retractions: Authors have a responsibility to correct any errors or inaccuracies discovered in their published work. In cases of serious misconduct or errors, authors may be required to retract their article.
  • Written Approval from the publisher is required if the paper has been published in a subscription-based module. This ensures that the publisher’s copyright is not infringed upon.
  • If the author wishes to present their article in an open access format, they must pay the current ongoing fees for the journal. This will enable the article to be viewed freely and without restriction by all readers.
  • Authors may represent a partial (10-15%) of their article using proper citation and reference. This allows the author to present their work in a summarized format, while still giving appropriate credit to the original article.

    • By adhering to these guidelines, authors can help ensure a fair and transparent publication process and maintain the integrity of their work.

Ethical Policy

rrjobi fully adhere to  Code of Conduct of Publication Ethics (COPE) and to its Best Practice Guidelines.

The Editorial Team enforces rigorous peer-review process with strict ethical policies and standards to ensure the addition of high-quality scientific studies to the field of scholarly publication. In cases where rrjobi becomes aware of ethical issues, it is committed to investigating and taking necessary actions to maintain the integrity of the literature and ensure the safety of research participants.

Research and Publication Ethics

Research Ethics

  • Research Involving Human Subjects: – Human subjects are subject to regulation in research. No procedure or study that is not specifically exempted or a part of an approved protocol should be carried out. Regulations that apply cover things like maintaining documentation and records, adhering to study protocols that have received IRB clearance, getting permission before making changes, and reporting adverse events. The task of locating and observing all applicable laws falls to the investigators.
  • Research Involving Human Subjects: – Human subjects are subject to regulation in research. No procedure or study that is not specifically exempted or a part of an approved protocol should be carried out. Regulations that apply cover things like maintaining documentation and records, adhering to study protocols that have received IRB clearance, getting permission before making changes, and reporting adverse events. The task of locating and observing all applicable laws falls to the investigators. When discussing research involving human subjects, human materials, human tissues, or human data, authors must acknowledge that the studies complied with the requirements of the 1975 Helsinki Declaration (https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki/), revised in 2013. Point 23 of this declaration states that an institutional review board (IRB) or other appropriate ethical committee approval is required before researching to ensure that the study complies with local, national, and international standards. The section’s Institutional Review Board Statement of the the article must at the very least include a statement containing the project identification code, the date of approval, and the name of the ethics committee or institutional review board.

Example of an ethical statement: 

“All subjects gave their informed consent for inclusion before they participated in the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of XXX (Project Identification code).”

  • Ethical Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Research: – For research involving animals, the authors should indicate whether the procedures followed were under the standards outlined in the the eighth edition of “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” (grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals_prepub.pdf published by the National Academy of Sciences, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.).
  • Research work on animals should be carried out under the NC3Rs ARRIVE Guidelines. For In Vivo Experiments, please visit https://www.nc3rs.org.uk/arrive-guidelines. 
  • Authors should clearly state the name of the approval committee, highlighting that legal and ethical approvals were obtained before initiation of the research work carried out on animals, and the experiments were performed under the relevant guidelines and regulations stated below.
  • US authors should cite compliance with the US National Research Council&; Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals;
  • The US Public Health Services; Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals; and  Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals”
  • UK authors should conform to UK legislation under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 Amendment Regulations (SI 2012/3039).
  • European authors outside the UK should conform to Directive 2010/63/EU
  • Research in animals must adhere to ethical guidelines of The Basel Declaration and the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) has also published ethical guidelines.
  • The manuscript must include a declaration of compliance with relevant guidelines (e.g., the revised Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 in the UK and Directive 2010/63/EU in Europe) and/or relevant permissions or licenses obtained by the IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction and the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
  • Research Involving Cell Lines: – The origin of any cell lines should be mentioned in the methods section of submissions that describe research involving cell lines. For well-established cell lines, the provenance must be mentioned, and references must be made to either an academic publication or a for-profit source. Details of institutional review board or ethics committee approval, as well as verification of written informed consent, must be provided if previously unpublished de novo cell lines, including those gifted from another laboratory, were used. If the line is of human origin, details of written informed consent must be provided.

An example of Ethical Statements: The HCT116 cell line was obtained from XXXX. The MLH1+ cell line was provided by XXXXX, Ltd. The DLD-1 cell line was obtained from Dr. XXXX. The DR-GFP and SA-GFP reporter plasmids were obtained from Dr. XXX and the Rad51K133A expression vector was obtained from Dr. XXXX..

  • Research Involving Plants: – All experimental research on plants (either cultivated or wild), should comply with international guidelines. The manuscript should include a declaration of compliance of field studies with relevant guidelines and/or relevant permissions or licenses obtained by the IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction and the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

An example of Ethical Statements: Torenia fournieri plants were used in this study. White-flowered Crown White (CrW) and violet-flowered Crown Violet (CrV) cultivars selected from ‘Crown Mix’ (XXX Company, City, Country) were kindly provided by Dr. XXX (XXX Institute, City, Country). Arabidopis mutant lines (SALKxxxx, SAILxxxx…) were kindly provided by Dr. XXX, institute, city, country).

Publication Ethics

The journal is committed to upholding the highest ethical standards in publishing and expects all authors, reviewers, and editors to adhere to these standards. The following guidelines are in place to ensure that the publication process is fair, transparent, and unbiased:

  • Editorial independence: The editorial team of the journal is responsible for making decisions on which manuscripts to publish based on the quality and relevance of the research, regardless of any external factors such as the author’s institutional affiliation or funding source.
  • Confidentiality: The journal maintains strict confidentiality with respect to all submitted manuscripts, and will not disclose any information about the manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, and editorial team.
  • Transfer of Copyright:   Upon acceptance for publication, the authors are required to transfer the copyright of the manuscript to the publisher. This ensures that the publisher has the legal right to publish and distribute the manuscript.
  • Plagiarism and copyright violations:  All submitted manuscripts are screened for plagiarism and copyright violations. Authors must ensure that their work is original and has not been previously published or under consideration for publication elsewhere. Proper citation and attribution of sources must be provided.
  • Copyright and permissions: Authors are responsible for obtaining the necessary permissions for any copyrighted material used in their manuscript, such as images, tables, and figures. Proper attribution and citation must also be provided for such material.
  • Data Fabrication and Falsification: Authors must ensure that their research is conducted and reported honestly and accurately. Data fabrication and falsification are serious violations of ethical standards and will not be tolerated.
  • Authorship and Acknowledgments: Authorship should be based on substantial contributions to the research and writing of the manuscript. All authors must have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript prior to submission. Acknowledgments should be provided for individuals or organizations that provided support or contributed to the research in a minor or indirect manner.
  • Open access and licensing: The journal offers open access publishing options, and authors may choose to publish their work under a Creative Commons license to allow for wider dissemination and use of their research.
  • Corrections and retractions: The journal will issue corrections or retractions if errors or inaccuracies are discovered in published manuscripts, and will work with authors to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the published work.
  • Ethical Approval: For studies involving human or animal subjects, authors must provide evidence of ethical approval obtained from an institutional review board or ethics committee.

Handling Cases of Misconduct

  • No journal is competent to police such cases. We at STM believe it the primary responsibility of the employer to check and train the researchers for the code of conduct
  • Journal do not have any legal intimacy to investigate in any matter related to scientific misconduct
  • However, the Publication Management Team of the Journal may seek advice from the members of the editorial board, in case it comes or brought to its notice, that the evidence of trust has been significantly compromised by the actions of the author or reviewer.

Authorship Criteria

  • Only authors who made a major contribution to the study’s conception, design, implementation, or interpretation should be listed as authors.
  • An Authorship/copyright Form must be completed and submitted by each of the authors.
  • The corresponding author ensures that the author list includes all contributing co-authors and no uninvolved individuals.
  • Once the manuscript is submitted, the order cannot be changed without the written consent of all the contributors.

Rejection of Manuscript

  • Once the manuscript is rejected authors can take advice from the commissioning editor on how to make desired corrections in the manuscript.
  • After the desired corrections have been made then only the author can resubmit the manuscript again.

Peer- Review

  • All manuscripts are initially evaluated by the editors. It’s uncommon, but it’s possible that excellent work will be accepted at this point. Those who are rejected at this stage have major scientific problems or are outside the journal’s purpose and scope. Those that fulfill the basic requirements are sent to at least two specialists for evaluation. Authors of submissions that are rejected at this stage will be notified within two weeks of receipt or will be given recommendations for resubmission from reviewers.
  • Without going through the regular peer review process, manuscripts containing plagiarism, significant highly technical errors, or a lack of a relevant message are rejected. Manuscripts that do not fall within the scope of the Journal may also be rejected at this stage.
  • After Acceptance:-
    • The author will be notified of the final decision to accept or reject the submission, as well as any recommendations provided by the reviewers, which may include direct remarks from the reviewers.
    • If an author desires to appeal a peer review decision, he or she should write to the Editors-in-Chief and discuss the problem. Appeals will be successful only if the reviews were insufficient or unjust. If this is the case, the document will be submitted to new reviewers who have agreed to re-review it.
    • After receiving comments from reviewers/Referees, members of the Editorial Board teams have the authority to make the final decision on publication. The corresponding author will be notified of the acceptance, rejection, or amendment of the paper.
    • If there are any minor or large changes, the corresponding author should send an orderly response to each of the reviewers’ comments and a revised version of the manuscript to the editor.
    • The paper will not be accepted for publication until it has been approved by the editor and reviewers/referees.
    • Articles would be copy-edited for grammar, punctuation, print style, and format if they were accepted. Page proofs will be given to the appropriate author and must be returned within three days, with or without corrections.
    • During the submission and review process, the corresponding author (or coauthor designated) will act as the primary correspondent with the editorial office on behalf of all co-authors.
    • The journal carefully adheres to the double-blind review method, in which neither the author nor the reviewer is aware of the other’s identity.
    • Although authors are invited to recommend reviewers, the Editor-in-Chief and the editorial office have the right to choose different reviewers. The authors are in the best position to know who is an expert in the topic, thus they are asked to nominate reviewers. Furthermore, the suggested reviewers might be appropriate for other papers on the same subject. As a result, getting these names can assist the editorial office in ensuring that appropriate persons are contacted to examine all articles.
  • Proofreading/Galley Proof:-Journal makes available (through the internet) the final camera-ready copy (revised version, if any) of a manuscript to the principal author/author responsible for correspondence, for final proofreading/check. No changes in the accepted thought contents are allowed at this stage. The Authors should note that the ultimate responsibility for ensuring the accuracy, the inclusion of up-to-date suggested revisions rests upon them.
  • Camera Ready Format:– Manuscript submitted as per Camera-ready format will be published with discounted publishing charges. Please visit the link below to submit your manuscript as per Camera-ready format.

Conflicts of Interest

It is important for authors to disclose any potential conflicts of interest that may influence the results or interpretation of their research. A conflict of interest can occur when an author has financial, personal, or professional relationships that could affect their objectivity or lead to the perception of bias.

  • Disclosure of Conflict of Interest
    Authors must disclose all potential conflicts of interest related to their research at the time of submission. If there are no conflicts of interest to declare, authors should state this in their manuscript. All potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed regardless of whether or not they are deemed to be relevant to the manuscript.
  • Declaration of Conflict of Interest
    Authors should declare any potential conflicts of interest in a separate section of their manuscript, following the acknowledgments and before the references. The declaration should include the following information:
  • The nature of the potential conflict of interest
  • The source of the conflict of interest (e.g., company name, funding agency)
  • The role of the conflicted individual in the research
  • Consequences of Failure to Disclose Conflict of Interest
    Failure to disclose a potential conflict of interest can compromise the integrity of the research and the credibility of the authors. It can also lead to legal action, retraction of the manuscript, and damage to the reputation of the journal. Therefore, it is important for authors to take the issue of conflict of interest seriously and disclose all potential conflicts of interest related to their research.

Complaints

We take any complaints regarding our published articles very seriously. If you have a complaint about a published article, we encourage you to contact us as soon as possible. We will investigate all complaints and take appropriate action, which may include issuing a correction or retraction.
If you have a complaint about an article, please send an email to our editorial team at mailto:[email protected]. Please include the title and author(s) of the article in question, and a detailed description of your complaint.
Once we receive your complaint, we will acknowledge receipt and begin our investigation. We may contact the author(s) of the article to request additional information or clarification. We will keep you informed of the progress of our investigation and the outcome of our review.
We will handle all complaints in accordance with our publication ethics policies and procedures, which are designed to ensure the integrity and accuracy of our published articles.
Please note that we will not consider complaints that are anonymous or that lack specific details about the article in question. We also will not consider complaints that are frivolous or unfounded.
We are committed to ensuring the highest standards of publishing ethics and integrity, and we take all complaints seriously. Thank you for bringing any concerns to our attention. For FAQs related to Instruction for authors, click here