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Estimation of Microbes on Phyllopalne Region of Healthy and Infected Leaf of Ipomoea cairica by Leaf Impression Method

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u00a0Shivangi Sahga, Deepa Srivastava,

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Phylloplane is the leaf surface itself that harbors a variety of microorganism both pathogens and saprophyte. An infection was reported on Ipomoea cairica plant in DDU Gorakhpur University campus. A general study was conducted on the microbial diversity on the healthy and infected leaf by leaf impression method. The study revealed growth of microbes which would have served as the causative pathogens infecting the plant.

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Volume :u00a0u00a011 | Issue :u00a0u00a02 | Received :u00a0u00a0March 8, 2021 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0June 17, 2021 | Published :u00a0u00a0July 19, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences(rrjols)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Estimation of Microbes on Phyllopalne Region of Healthy and Infected Leaf of Ipomoea cairica by Leaf Impression Method under section in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences(rrjols)] [/if 424]
Keywords Ipomoea cairica; pathogens; saprophyte; phylloplane; microbial diversity.

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1. N.M- Mofiz Uddin Khan AND Md Sagar Hossain. Scopoletin and β-sitsterl glucoside from root of Ipomoea digitata. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 4(2): 05-07.
2. Arora S., Kumar D. and Shiba. (2013). Phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of leaves and flowers of Ipomoea Cairica. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 5(1):198-202.
3. Legard, D.E., M.P. McQuilken, J.M. Whipps, J.S. Fenlon, I.P. Fermor, I.P. Thompson, M.J. Bailey and J.M. Lynch.(1994). Studies of seasonal changes in the microbial populations on the phyllosphere of spring wheat as a prelude to the release of a genetically modified microorganism. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. 50:87- 101.
4. E.S. De Jager, F.C. Wehner and Korsten L. (2001). Microbial Ecology of the Mango Phylloplane. Microbial Ecology. 42(2): 201-207.
5. Whipps, J.M., P. Hand, D.A.C. Pink and G.D. Bending. 2008. Human pathogens and the phyllosphere. Advances in Applied Microbiology. 64:183- 221.
6. Berger, C.N., S.V. Sodha, R.K. Shaw, P.M. Griffin, D. Pink, P. Hand and G. Frankel. (2010). Fresh fruit and vegetables as vehicles for the transmission of human pathogens. Environmental Microbiology. 12(9):2385-2397.
7. Yadav R.K.P., Karamanoli K. and Vokou D. (2010). Estimating bacterial population on the Phyllosphere by serial dilution plating and leaf imprint methods. EcoprintAnInternational Journal of Ecology. 17: 47-52.
8. Stewart E. J. (2019). Growing uncultured bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology. 194(16): 4151-4160.
9. Aneja, K.R. (2003). Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology. New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi.

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences

ISSN: 2249-8656

Editors Overview

rrjols maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    Shivangi Sahga, Deepa Srivastava

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  1. Research Scholar, Assistant Professor,Department of Industrial Microbiology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur,Uttar Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,India, India

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Abstract

nPhylloplane is the leaf surface itself that harbors a variety of microorganism both pathogens and saprophyte. An infection was reported on Ipomoea cairica plant in DDU Gorakhpur University campus. A general study was conducted on the microbial diversity on the healthy and infected leaf by leaf impression method. The study revealed growth of microbes which would have served as the causative pathogens infecting the plant.n

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Keywords: Ipomoea cairica; pathogens; saprophyte; phylloplane; microbial diversity.

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences(rrjols)]

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1. N.M- Mofiz Uddin Khan AND Md Sagar Hossain. Scopoletin and β-sitsterl glucoside from root of Ipomoea digitata. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 4(2): 05-07.
2. Arora S., Kumar D. and Shiba. (2013). Phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of leaves and flowers of Ipomoea Cairica. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 5(1):198-202.
3. Legard, D.E., M.P. McQuilken, J.M. Whipps, J.S. Fenlon, I.P. Fermor, I.P. Thompson, M.J. Bailey and J.M. Lynch.(1994). Studies of seasonal changes in the microbial populations on the phyllosphere of spring wheat as a prelude to the release of a genetically modified microorganism. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. 50:87- 101.
4. E.S. De Jager, F.C. Wehner and Korsten L. (2001). Microbial Ecology of the Mango Phylloplane. Microbial Ecology. 42(2): 201-207.
5. Whipps, J.M., P. Hand, D.A.C. Pink and G.D. Bending. 2008. Human pathogens and the phyllosphere. Advances in Applied Microbiology. 64:183- 221.
6. Berger, C.N., S.V. Sodha, R.K. Shaw, P.M. Griffin, D. Pink, P. Hand and G. Frankel. (2010). Fresh fruit and vegetables as vehicles for the transmission of human pathogens. Environmental Microbiology. 12(9):2385-2397.
7. Yadav R.K.P., Karamanoli K. and Vokou D. (2010). Estimating bacterial population on the Phyllosphere by serial dilution plating and leaf imprint methods. EcoprintAnInternational Journal of Ecology. 17: 47-52.
8. Stewart E. J. (2019). Growing uncultured bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology. 194(16): 4151-4160.
9. Aneja, K.R. (2003). Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology. New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi.

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Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences

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[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2249-8656[/if 344]

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Volume 11
Issue 2
Received March 8, 2021
Accepted June 17, 2021
Published July 19, 2021

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RRJoLS

Structure and Origin Insight of Recent Coronavirus with Ongoing Therapeutic Approach

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Year : April 7, 2021 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 01 | Page : 34-47

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Ajeet Singh, Garima Srivastava, Subhash Chand

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    1. Assistant Professor, Research Scholar, Professor,Department of Botany, Government. Adarsh Girls College, Sheopur, Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Department of Botany, Government PG College, Sheopur,Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh,India, India, India

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    n Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible zoonotic virus that was initially reported in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Presently, it has infected approximately 1.5 million person and responsible for more than 0.1 million death across the world. It is likely evolved from bats and pangolin and genetically different from SARS-CoV-1, responsible for SARS disease. In present review, we have discussed the recent finding of its origin from bats and pangolin, its phylogenetic comparison from other coronavirus and ongoing therapeutic approaches against the fight of SARS-CoV-2.n

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    Keywords: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), Non-structural protein (NSPs), human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (hACE2), TMPRSS2, receptor binding domain (RBD)

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    How to cite this article:n Ajeet Singh, Garima Srivastava, Subhash Chand Structure and Origin Insight of Recent Coronavirus with Ongoing Therapeutic Approach rrjols April 7, 2021; 11:34-47

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    How to cite this URL: Ajeet Singh, Garima Srivastava, Subhash Chand Structure and Origin Insight of Recent Coronavirus with Ongoing Therapeutic Approach rrjols April 7, 2021n {cited April 7, 2021};11:34-47. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjols/article=April 7, 2021/view=92046/

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    1. Cui J, Li F, Shi Z-L. Origin and Evolution of Pathogenic Coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019; 17(3): 181–192p.
    2. Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020; 87(4): 281–286p.
    3. Organization WH. Novel Coronavirus ( 2019-nCoV) : Situation Report. 2020; 3.
    4. Organization. WH. Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) When COVID-19 Disease is Suspected: Interim Guidance, 13 March 2020. World Health Organization; 2020.
    5. Zhang Y-Z, Holmes EC. A Genomic Perspective on the Origin and Emergence of Sars-Cov-2. Cell. 2020; 181(2): 223–227p.
    6. Hamming I, et al. Tissue Distribution of ACE2 Protein, the Functional Receptor for SARS Coronavirus. A First Step in Understanding SARS Pathogenesis. J Pathol: A Journal of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 2004; 203(2): 631–637p.
    7. Bodiga VL, Bodiga S. Renin Angiotensin System in Cognitive Function and Dementia. Asian Journal of Neuroscience. 2013; 2013: 1–18p.
    8. Matsuyama S, et al. Enhanced Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-Expressing Cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2020; 117(13): 7001–7003p.
    9. Báez-Santos YM, John SES, Mesecar AD. The SARS-Coronavirus Papain-Like Protease: Structure, Function and Inhibition by Designed Antiviral Compounds. Antiviral Res. 2015; 115: 21–38p.
    10. Shereen MA, et al. COVID-19 Infection: Origin, Transmission, and Characteristics of Human Coronaviruses. J Adv Res. 2020; 24: 91–98p.
    11. Yan R, et al. Structural Basis for the Recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by Full-Length Human ACE2. Science. 2020; 367(6485): 1444–1448p.
    12. Andersen KG, et al. The Proximal Origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nature Medicine. 2020; 1–3p.
    13. Coutard B, et al. The Spike Glycoprotein of the New Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Contains a Furin-Like Cleavage Site Absent in CoV of the Same Clade. Antiviral Res. 2020; 176: 104742p.
    14. Follis KE, York J, Nunberg JH. Furin Cleavage of the SARS Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Enhances Cell–Cell Fusion but does not Affect Virion Entry. Virology. 2006; 350(2): 358–369p.
    15. Menachery VD, et al. Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Bat Coronavirus Infection. J Virol. 2020; 94(5): e01774–19.
    16. Zhang T, Wu Q, Zhang Z. Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak. Curr Biol. 2020; 30(8): 1578p.
    17. Zhou P, et al. A Pneumonia Outbreak Associated with a New Coronavirus of Probable Bat Origin. Nature. 2020; 579(7798): 270–273p.
    18. Tang X, et al. On the Origin and Continuing Evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Natl Sci Rev. 2020; nwaa036.
    19. Li X, et al. Evolutionary History, Potential Intermediate Animal Host, and Cross‐Species Analyses of SARS‐CoV‐2. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(6): 602–611p.
    20. Velavan TP, Meyer CG. The COVID-19 Epidemic. Trop Med Int Health. 2020; 25(3): 278–280p.
    21. Sahu KK, Mishra AK, Lal A. Comprehensive Update on Current Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Infection (2019-nCoV). Ann Transl Med. 2020; 8(6): 393p.
    22. Li G, De Clercq E. Therapeutic Options for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Nature Publishing Group, Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020; 19(3): 149–150p.
    23. Shiraki K, Daikoku T. Favipiravir, an Anti-Influenza Drug against Life-Threatening RNA Virus Infections. Pharmacol Ther. 2020; 209: 107512p.
    24. Guo D. Old Weapon for New Enemy: Drug Repurposing for Treatment of Newly Emerging Viral Diseases. Virol Sin. 2020; 35(3): 1–3p.
    25. Zumla A, et al. Coronaviruses: Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Options. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016; 15(5): 327–347p.
    26. Senanayake SL. Drug Repurposing Strategies for COVID-19. Future Science, Future Drug Dicov. 2020; 2(2): 1–3p.
    27. Wang D, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020; 323(11): 1061–1069p.
    28. Rosa SGV, Santos WC. Clinical Trials on Drug Repositioning for COVID-19 Treatment. Rev Panam Salud Pública. 2020; 44: e40p.
    29. Hoffmann M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor. Cell. 2020; 181(2): 271–280p.
    30. Owens B. Excitement around Hydroxychloroquine for Treating COVID-19 Causes Challenges for Rheumatology. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020; 2(5): e257p.
    31. Gautret P, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin as a Treatment of COVID-19: Results of an Open-Label Non-Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020; 56(1): 105949p.
    32. Chen L, et al. Convalescent Plasma as a Potential Therapy for COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20(4): 398–400p.
    33. Organization WH. Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection When Novel Coronavirus ( 2019-nCoV) Infection is Suspected: Interim Guidance, 28 January 2020. World Health Organization; 2020.
    34. Casadevall A, Pirofski L-A. The Convalescent Sera Option for Containing COVID-19. The J Clin Investig. 2020; 130(4): 1545–1548p.

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    Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences

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    Volume 11
    Issue 01
    Received November 19, 2020
    Accepted November 24, 2020
    Published April 7, 2021

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    RRJoLS

    A Comprehensive Review on COVID-19 Evolution and Development

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    u00a0Sarepalli Sai Sathwik, Tulasi Nikshitha, Thipurani Murali Krishna,

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    nJanuary 10, 2023 at 6:53 am

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    The emerging pandemic causing flu-like symptoms in patients is caused by the novel Coronavirus that was previously called 2019-nCoV. The mutated gene of SARS-CoV was transformed to SARS-CoV-2 in animals and further transmitted to humans in the month of December 2019 in Wuhan city of China. Eventually, the novel coronavirus spread all around the globe as a highly contagious disease. COVID-19 (the illness caused by coronavirus) has affected 213 countries and territories around the world. There are about 18,852,205 new positive cases, 707,451 casualties, 12,032,508 recoveries till date that is, 05th August 2020. This virus resulted in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction. Human transmissions are caused due to inhaling or by contact with viral droplets. The infected patient seems to show an incubation period of 2–14 days. Due to this ominous situation, several countries got shut down to contain the spread of novel coronavirus. This review article includes the etiology, epidemiology, detection and diagnosis, histopathology, pathophysiology of novel coronavirus. To control the virus, many drugs are in use. Short-term testing kits have been discovered by many countries using the Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Vaccines from numerous research laboratories are at the stage of human trails. This review article can be preferred for further investigation on coronavirus.

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    Volume :u00a0u00a011 | Issue :u00a0u00a01 | Received :u00a0u00a0June 29, 2020 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0July 18, 2020 | Published :u00a0u00a0April 7, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences(rrjols)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue A Comprehensive Review on COVID-19 Evolution and Development under section in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences(rrjols)] [/if 424]
    Keywords Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), COVID-19, etiology, epidemiology, SARSCoV, SARS-CoV-2, novel Coronavirus, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

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    2. K. Ramanathan et al., “Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre – including this for unrestricted research re-use a,” no. January, pp. 19–21, 202A Comprehensive Review on COVID-19 Evolution and Development0.
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    18. Zhang F, Abudayyeh OO, Gootenberg JS, Sciences C, Mathers L. A protocol for detection of COVID-19 using CRISPR diagnostics. Bioarchive. 2020.
    19. Khedkar PH, Patzak A. SARS-CoV-2: What do we know so far? Acta Physiol. (Oxf). 2020; 229(2): e13470. doi: 10.1111/apha.13470
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    23. Wang J, Tang K, Feng K, Lv W. High Temperature and High Humidity Reduce the Transmission of COVID-19. SSRN Electron J. 2020. doi: 10.2139/ ssrn.3551767.
    24. Chen N, Zhao M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507–515p. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
    25. Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Ind J Pediatr. 2020; 87(4): 281–286p. doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6.
    26. Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. BioSci Trends. 2020; 14(1): 72–73p. doi: 10.5582/BST.2020.01047.
    27. Smit C, Peeters MYM, van den Anker JN, Knibbe CAJ. Chloroquine for SARS-CoV-2: Implications of Its Unique Pharmacokinetic and Safety Properties. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2020; 59: 659–669p. doi: 10.1007/s40262-020-00891-1.
    28. Huang J, Song W, Huang H, Sun Q. Pharmacological Therapeutics Targeting RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Proteinase and Spike Protein: From Mechanistic Studies to Clinical Trials for COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2020; 9(4): 1131p. doi: 10.3390/jcm9041131.
    29. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, Shi Z, Hu Z, Zhong W, Xiao G. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 2020; 30: 269–271p. doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0.
    30. Fu B, Xu X, Wei H. Why tocilizumab could be an effective treatment for severe COVID-19? J Translation Med. 2020; 164: doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02339-3.
    31. Channappanavar R, Fett C, Mack M, Ten Eyck PP, Meyerholz DK, Perlman S. Sex-Based Differences in Susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. J Immunol. 2017; 198(10): 4046–4053p. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601896.
    32. Robinson DP, Hall OJ, Nilles TL, Bream JH, Klein SL. 17 β-Estradiol Protects Females against Influenza by Recruiting Neutrophils and Increasing Virus-Specific CD8 T Cell Responses in the Lungs. J Virol. 2014; 88(9): 4711–4720p. doi: 10.1128/jvi.02081-13.
    33. Whitfield J, Littlewood T, Soucek L. Tamoxifen administration to mice. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2015. doi: 10.1101/pdb.prot077966.
    34. Le TT, Andreadakis Z, Kumar A, Roman RG, Tollefsen S, Saville M, Mayhew S. The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020; 19: 305–306p. doi: 10.1038/d41573-020-00073-5.
    35. Smith TRF, Patel A, Ramos S, Elwood D, Zhu X, Yan J, et al. Rapid development of a synthetic DNA vaccine for COVID-19. PREPRINT Nat. (Under Rev.); 2020. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-16261/v1.
    36. Center for Health Security. Serology testing for COVID-19. USA: Johns Hopkins; 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.01.28.923011.

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    Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences

    ISSN: 2249-8656

    Editors Overview

    rrjols maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    1. 1Department of Biotechnology,y, Chaitanya Institute of Science and Technology (Chaitanya Deemed University),Warangal, Telangana,India

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    nThe emerging pandemic causing flu-like symptoms in patients is caused by the novel Coronavirus that was previously called 2019-nCoV. The mutated gene of SARS-CoV was transformed to SARS-CoV-2 in animals and further transmitted to humans in the month of December 2019 in Wuhan city of China. Eventually, the novel coronavirus spread all around the globe as a highly contagious disease. COVID-19 (the illness caused by coronavirus) has affected 213 countries and territories around the world. There are about 18,852,205 new positive cases, 707,451 casualties, 12,032,508 recoveries till date that is, 05th August 2020. This virus resulted in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction. Human transmissions are caused due to inhaling or by contact with viral droplets. The infected patient seems to show an incubation period of 2–14 days. Due to this ominous situation, several countries got shut down to contain the spread of novel coronavirus. This review article includes the etiology, epidemiology, detection and diagnosis, histopathology, pathophysiology of novel coronavirus. To control the virus, many drugs are in use. Short-term testing kits have been discovered by many countries using the Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Vaccines from numerous research laboratories are at the stage of human trails. This review article can be preferred for further investigation on coronavirus.n

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    Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), COVID-19, etiology, epidemiology, SARSCoV, SARS-CoV-2, novel Coronavirus, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

    n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences(rrjols)]

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    1. Chan JFW, Kok KH, Zhu Z, Chu H, To KKW, Yuan S, Yuen KY. Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020; 9(1): 221–236p. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1719902.
    2. K. Ramanathan et al., “Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre – including this for unrestricted research re-use a,” no. January, pp. 19–21, 202A Comprehensive Review on COVID-19 Evolution and Development0.
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    10. Jin Z, Du X, Xu Y, Deng Y, Liu M, Zhao Y, et al. Structure of Mpro from COVID-19 virus and discovery of its inhibitors. Nature. 2020; 582: 289–293p. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2223-y.
    11. Coronavirus Update (Live): 3,744,765 Cases and 258,884 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic. Worldometer. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/ coronavirus/ (accessed on 2020 May 06).
    12. Tian S, Hu W, Niu L, Liu H, Xu H, Xiao SY. Pulmonary Pathology of Early-Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia in Two Patients With Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2020; 15(5): 700–704p.
    13. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 1708–1720p. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032 LK – &date=2020&auinit1=W&auinitm=-J.
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    15. Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, Zhan C, Chen C, Lv W, Tao Q, Sun Z, Xia L. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology. 2020; 296(2): E32–E40. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200642.
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    17. Broughton JP, Deng X, Yu G, Fasching CL, Singh J, Streithorst J, et al. Rapid Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Using a CRISPR-based DETECTR Lateral Flow Assay. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.06.20032334.
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    22. Zhang J, Liu J, Li N, Liu Y, Ye R, Qin X, Zheng R. Serological detection of 2019-nCoV respond to the epidemic: A useful complement to nucleic acid testing. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/ 2020.03.04.20030916.
    23. Wang J, Tang K, Feng K, Lv W. High Temperature and High Humidity Reduce the Transmission of COVID-19. SSRN Electron J. 2020. doi: 10.2139/ ssrn.3551767.
    24. Chen N, Zhao M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507–515p. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
    25. Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Ind J Pediatr. 2020; 87(4): 281–286p. doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6.
    26. Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. BioSci Trends. 2020; 14(1): 72–73p. doi: 10.5582/BST.2020.01047.
    27. Smit C, Peeters MYM, van den Anker JN, Knibbe CAJ. Chloroquine for SARS-CoV-2: Implications of Its Unique Pharmacokinetic and Safety Properties. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2020; 59: 659–669p. doi: 10.1007/s40262-020-00891-1.
    28. Huang J, Song W, Huang H, Sun Q. Pharmacological Therapeutics Targeting RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Proteinase and Spike Protein: From Mechanistic Studies to Clinical Trials for COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2020; 9(4): 1131p. doi: 10.3390/jcm9041131.
    29. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, Shi Z, Hu Z, Zhong W, Xiao G. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 2020; 30: 269–271p. doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0.
    30. Fu B, Xu X, Wei H. Why tocilizumab could be an effective treatment for severe COVID-19? J Translation Med. 2020; 164: doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02339-3.
    31. Channappanavar R, Fett C, Mack M, Ten Eyck PP, Meyerholz DK, Perlman S. Sex-Based Differences in Susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. J Immunol. 2017; 198(10): 4046–4053p. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601896.
    32. Robinson DP, Hall OJ, Nilles TL, Bream JH, Klein SL. 17 β-Estradiol Protects Females against Influenza by Recruiting Neutrophils and Increasing Virus-Specific CD8 T Cell Responses in the Lungs. J Virol. 2014; 88(9): 4711–4720p. doi: 10.1128/jvi.02081-13.
    33. Whitfield J, Littlewood T, Soucek L. Tamoxifen administration to mice. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2015. doi: 10.1101/pdb.prot077966.
    34. Le TT, Andreadakis Z, Kumar A, Roman RG, Tollefsen S, Saville M, Mayhew S. The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020; 19: 305–306p. doi: 10.1038/d41573-020-00073-5.
    35. Smith TRF, Patel A, Ramos S, Elwood D, Zhu X, Yan J, et al. Rapid development of a synthetic DNA vaccine for COVID-19. PREPRINT Nat. (Under Rev.); 2020. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-16261/v1.
    36. Center for Health Security. Serology testing for COVID-19. USA: Johns Hopkins; 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.01.28.923011.

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    Volume 11
    Issue 1
    Received June 29, 2020
    Accepted July 18, 2020
    Published April 7, 2021

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    Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus subtilis (VBKT5) Isolated from Vermicompost

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    u00a0Sucharita Ghosh, Tilak Nayak, Paltu Kumar Dhal, Tushar Kanti Dangar, Soumendranath Chatterjee,

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    nJanuary 10, 2023 at 7:07 am

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    nAbstract

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    Vermicompost is a rich source of nutrients and beneficial soil bacteria which can promote plant growth in various ways. Ten prevalent bacterial strains were isolated from the cow dung vermicompost and assessed for growth promotion of paddy. Bacterial suspensions (3X108 CFU/ml) were individually applied to the pots planted with paddy variety and vegetative growth parameters and yield were recorded. Among the bacterial treatments, better shoot length, root length and yield were recorded for Bacillus subtilis (VBKT5). Average yield in untreated control plants was less than a half of the yield for B. subtilis (VBKT5) treated plant. This strain was Gram positive, rod shaped, endospore forming bacillus and identified as B. subtilis. The results of the present study clearly indicated that B. subtilis isolated from vermicompost significantly boosted up growth and production of paddy plants and the strain may be explored as a plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) for rice improvement.

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    Volume :u00a0u00a011 | Issue :u00a0u00a01 | Received :u00a0u00a0December 14, 2020 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0January 15, 2021 | Published :u00a0u00a0April 7, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences(rrjols)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus subtilis (VBKT5) Isolated from Vermicompost under section in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences(rrjols)] [/if 424]
    Keywords Bacillus subtilis, paddy plant, plant growth, PGPR, vermicompost

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    27. Vaz-Moreira I, Faria C, Lopes AR, Svensson L, Falsen E, Moore ER, Ferreira ACS, Nunes OC, Manaia CM. Sphingobium vermicomposti sp. nov., isolated from vermicompost. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2009; 59(12): 3145–3149p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1099 /ijs.0.006163-0.
    28. Kohler JF, Caravaca L, Carrasco, Roldan A. Interactions between a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, an AM fungus and a phosphate-solubilising fungus in the rhizosphere of Lactuca sativa. Appl Soil Ecol. 2007; 35: 480–487p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.10.006.
    29. Pandya U, Prakash S, Shende K, Dhuldhaj U, Saraf M. Multifarious allelochemicals exhibiting antifungal activity from Bacillus subtilis MBCU5. Biotech. 2017; 7(3): 175–179p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0827-1.
    30. Singh N, Pandey P, Dubey RC, Maheshwari DK. Biological control of root rot fungus Macrophomina phaseolina and growth enhancement of Pinus roxburghii by rhizosphere competent Bacillus subtilis BN1. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2008; 24: 1669–1679p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-008-9680-z.

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    Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences

    ISSN: 2249-8656

    Editors Overview

    rrjols maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    1. Research Scholar, Research Scholar,Parasitology and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University,West Bengal, West Bengal,India, India

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    Abstract

    nVermicompost is a rich source of nutrients and beneficial soil bacteria which can promote plant growth in various ways. Ten prevalent bacterial strains were isolated from the cow dung vermicompost and assessed for growth promotion of paddy. Bacterial suspensions (3X108 CFU/ml) were individually applied to the pots planted with paddy variety and vegetative growth parameters and yield were recorded. Among the bacterial treatments, better shoot length, root length and yield were recorded for Bacillus subtilis (VBKT5). Average yield in untreated control plants was less than a half of the yield for B. subtilis (VBKT5) treated plant. This strain was Gram positive, rod shaped, endospore forming bacillus and identified as B. subtilis. The results of the present study clearly indicated that B. subtilis isolated from vermicompost significantly boosted up growth and production of paddy plants and the strain may be explored as a plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) for rice improvement.n

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    Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, paddy plant, plant growth, PGPR, vermicompost

    n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences(rrjols)]

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    References

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    Regular Issue Open Access Article

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    Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences

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    [if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2249-8656[/if 344]

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    Volume 11
    Issue 1
    Received December 14, 2020
    Accepted January 15, 2021
    Published April 7, 2021

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