Understanding Programmed Cell Death

Year : 2024 | Volume : | : | Page : –
By

Bhupendra Kunar,

Ajeet Singh,

  1. Student, Department of Molecular Biology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
  2. Assistant Scientist, Helix Biogenesis, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Recent studies emphasize the critical role of various types of programmed cell death (PCD) such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, as well as their respective signaling pathways. These processes are essential for regulating cellular balance, responding to stress, and triggering immune defenses. Apoptosis, commonly known as “cellular suicide,” is a tightly controlled mechanism that allows cells to die without inducing inflammation. This process is key for tissue development, immune regulation, and cancer prevention. Alterations in apoptotic pathways may result in uncontrolled cell proliferation or excessive cell death, potentially leading to conditions such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Autophagy, another PCD mechanism, involves the degradation and recycling of cellular components. This self-preservation process is vital for cell maintenance, especially during nutrient shortages or stress. Although autophagy typically supports survival, excessive activation can result in cell death, making it an important focus in cancer research due to its dual roles in tumor suppression and promotion, depending on the context. Inflammatory cell death is type of pyroptosis which often triggered by infections. Unlike apoptosis, pyroptosis leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which help alert the immune system. While this process is crucial for eliminating pathogens, its dysregulation can drive inflammatory diseases. Necroptosis is a regulated form of necrosis that triggers inflammatory cell death through a caspase-independent mechanism. It shares similarities with both apoptosis and necrosis and has been implicated in inflammatory responses, immune defense, and diseases such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and neurodegenerative conditions.  A deeper understanding of these PCD mechanisms could pave the way for new therapeutic interventions that target specific targets in the treatment of various diseases. Diseaserelated. As research continues, understanding the nuances of this process will lead to the development of new targets.

Keywords: Programmed cell death (PCD), Apoptosis, Autophagy, Pyroptosis and Necroptosis

How to cite this article:
Bhupendra Kunar, Ajeet Singh. Understanding Programmed Cell Death. Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences. 2024; ():-.
How to cite this URL:
Bhupendra Kunar, Ajeet Singh. Understanding Programmed Cell Death. Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences. 2024; ():-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjols/article=2024/view=177395

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Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume
Received 28/09/2024
Accepted 04/10/2024
Published 08/10/2024
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