S. Anand,
- Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering Infant Jesus College of Engineering, Kilavallanadu, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) is a rare and complex autoimmune neurological disorder characterized by progressive muscle stiffness, rigidity, and painful spasms. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of SPS, exploring its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and current treatment approaches. We discuss the latest research findings, including the role of autoantibodies, genetic factors, and environmental triggers in the development of SPS. The chapter examines various diagnostic methods, emphasizing the importance of early detection and differential diagnosis. We review current therapeutic strategies, including pharmacological interventions, immunomodulatory therapies, and rehabilitation techniques. Additionally, we present case studies that highlight the diverse manifestations of SPS and the effectiveness of personalized treatment approaches. The chapter also explores ongoing research and experimental studies aimed at improving our understanding of SPS and developing novel therapeutic interventions. We discuss the psychosocial impact of SPS on patients and their caregivers, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to management. Finally, we examine future trends in SPS research, including potential targeted therapies, biomarker development, and innovative rehabilitation techniques. This comprehensive review aims to provide clinicians, researchers, and patients with an up-to-date understanding of SPS, its challenges, and the promising avenues for future advancements in its diagnosis and treatment.
Keywords: Stiff Person Syndrome, autoimmune neurological disorder, muscle rigidity, GAD65 antibodies, immunomodulatory therapy, neuroplasticity.
S. Anand. Stiff Person Syndrome: Advances in Understanding, Diagnosis, and Treatment of a Rare Autoimmune Disorder. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology. 2024; ():-.
S. Anand. Stiff Person Syndrome: Advances in Understanding, Diagnosis, and Treatment of a Rare Autoimmune Disorder. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology. 2024; ():-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjop/article=2024/view=176017
References
[1] Metzendorf, M.-I., Schulz, M., & Braun, V. (2014). All Information Is Not Equal: Using the Literature Databases PubMed and The Cochrane Library for Identifying the Evidence on Granulocyte Transfusion Therapy. Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy, 41(5), 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1159/000366179
[2] Selles, R. R., McGuire, J. F., Small, B. J., & Storch, E. A. (2016). A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychiatric treatments for excoriation (skin-picking) disorder. General Hospital Psychiatry, 41, 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.04.001
[3] Sudharshan, V.B. (2013). Human like biosensor disease simulator, disease analyzer and drug delivery system. In 2013 IEEE Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, ICT 2013 (pp. 1033–1038).
[4] Lin, B. C., Johal, J., Sivakumar, K., Romano, A. E., & Yacoub, H. A. (2021). Stiff-person syndrome: An atypical presentation and a review of the literature. Hospital Practice, 49(5), 384-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/21548331.2021.1961456
[5] Dalakas, M.C. Stiff-person syndrome and related disorders — diagnosis, mechanisms and therapies. Nat Rev Neurol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-024-01012-3
[6] Villagrán-García, M., Farina, A., & Honnorat, J. (2024). Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. In M. E. Gershwin, G. C. Tsokos, & B. Diamond (Eds.), The Rose and Mackay Textbook of Autoimmune Diseases (7th ed., pp. 1549-1569). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-23947-2.00060-6
[7] Ganji, M.R., & Thakur, M.S. (2004). Microprocessor based biosensors for determination of toxins and pathogens in restricted areas of human intervention. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IC-AI’04 (Vol. 1, pp. 525-531).
[8] Sharma, A., Badea, M., Tiwari, S., & Marty, J. L. (2021). Wearable Biosensors: An Alternative and Practical Approach in Healthcare and Disease Monitoring. Molecules, 26(3), 748. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030748
[9] David, E. A., & Shahnaz, N. (2022). Patient-reported disability after computerized posturographic vestibular retraining for stable unilateral vestibular deficit. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 148(5), 426-433. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2022.0167
[10] Ramasubramanian, B.; Reddy, V.S.; Chellappan, V.; Ramakrishna, S. Emerging Materials, Wearables, and Diagnostic Advancements in Therapeutic Treatment of Brain Diseases. Biosensors 2022, 12, 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121176
[11] Eswaran, U et al., “Design and Analysis of High Sensitive Microcantilever Based Biosensor for CA 15-3 biomarker detection,” Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 2018, 682-698, ISSN: 1076-5131. DOI:16.10089.JASC.2018.V5I7.453459.0050021
[12] Fernandez-Marmiesse, A., Gouveia, S., & Couce, M. L. (2018). NGS technologies as a turning point in rare disease research, diagnosis and treatment. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 25(3), 404-432. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170718101946
[13] Banks, S. A., Sechi, E., & Flanagan, E. P. (2021). Autoimmune encephalopathies presenting as dementia of subacute onset and rapid progression. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756286421998906
[14] Dash, Swati S.; Khatri, Nikhil K.; Divyateja, Saraswathi; Bhate, Jignesh; Rao, Guruprasad K. S.. Advances in neuropathic pain management: A review of real-world studies. Journal of Current Research in Scientific Medicine 10(1):p 15-24, Jan–Jun 2024. | DOI: 10.4103/jcrsm.jcrsm_132_23
[15] Murali, K., et.al.,(2024). Application of Sensors for Smart Farming. In A. Khang (Ed.), Agriculture and Aquaculture Applications of Biosensors and Bioelectronics (pp. 18-44). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2069-3.ch002
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology
| Volume | |
| Received | 10/09/2024 |
| Accepted | 20/09/2024 |
| Published | 27/09/2024 |